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A HISTORY 

O F 

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY, 

IN MARYLAND. 

* » * * * 

Adapted for Use in the Schools of the County, 

* * -^ » * 

By ELIHU S. RILEY, 



Charles G. Feldmeyek, PuBLisnEu, 

ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND. 

J905. 



LlBrtARY ot CONGRESS 
TwoCoolts Received 

JUN 11 J906 



ASS <X 



06^ 

.... No. 



Copyrighted, 1905, by Elihu S. Riley. 



The Skttlejie.nt of Maryimnu 



The FouNDiNd of St. JIaby' 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTEli FIRST. 



CH.\PTER SECOND. 



CHAPTER THIRD. 
Thi: Erection of St. SlARy'K and Kent Countif-s 

CHAPTER FOURTH. 
LiFF. Amongst the Early ^ietti-er-s of Martlaxd 

CHAPTER FIFTH. 
The Administration ok MAR<iARET Brent 



Page 
1 



CHAPTER SIXTH. 



Maryland a Prototype of EN(iLA> 



CHAPTER SEVENTH. 
The Settlement of Annf, Arindel Cofnty ..... 

CHAPTER EIGHTH. 
The Courts of Anne .\rundel Established ..... 

CHAPTER NINTH. 
The Piritans Refuse to Send Delegates to the Legislature of Ifiol . 

CHAPTER TENTH. 
The First Settlers of Anne Arundel County .... 

CHAPTER ELEVENTH. 
The Animosities of the Old World Transplanted in the New . 

CHAPTER TWELFTH. 
Providence Sends a Petition to the Commissioners or the Commonwealth 

CHAPTER THIRTEENTH. 
Cromwell's Commissioners Reduce Maryland .... 



Pago 
CIIAPTEU FOURTEENTH. 
Thk Uattle of the Severn ......... 37 

CHAPTER FIFTEENTH. 
The Stko.no Ch.vracteus in Anne Arundkl Force the Hand of Govhrnment . . 41 

CHAPTER SIXTEENTH. 
The Religious Ei,ement in the County and the Development of Axne Arundel . 42 

CHAPTER SEVENTEENTH. 
Anne Arundel REFrsE.s to Sanction the Overthrow op Lord Baltimore's Govern- 
ment ............ 4U 

CHAPTER EIGHTEENTH. 
The Religious Element in Anne .Vrundel from the Protestant Revolution to the 

American Revolution — lCS',t-lT7C ........ 49 

CHAPTER NINETEENTH. 
Patriotism in Anne Arundel ......... 55 

CHAPTER TWENTIETH. 
Annapolis Becomks the Chief City of the Province ..... 61 

CHAPTER TWENTY-FIRST. 
Strange Antics of Visiting Provincial Commissioners . . . . .64 

CHAPTER TWENTY-SECt)ND. 
•■The Athens of .\merica " ......... 69 



CHAPTER TWENTY-THIRD. 
A. Quaint Incident that Led to Important Results .... 

CHAPTER TWENTY-FOURTH. 
Anne .Arundel During the Revolutionary War ..... 

CHAPTER TWENTY-FIFTH. 
A Revolutionary Fight in .Anne Ari-ndel ...... 

CHAPTER TWENTY-SIXTH. 
LEADiN(i Events in Anne .Arundel County from the Revolutionary War to 
War of 1m1'2 .......... 

CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVENTH. 
Annapolis a Centre of National Interest ...... 

CHAPTER TSVE>^TY-EIGHTH. 
The Naval .Academy EsTAiiLisiiED at Annapolis ..... 



CHAPTER TWENTY-NINTH. 



Page 
AKNE ARrNDEL FROM THE ClVIL WaR TO THE PRESENT ..... 90 

CHAPTER THIRTIETH. 
The Reception of thf. Remains of John Paul Jones ..... 94 

CHAPTER THIRTY-FIRST. 
War Scenes in Annapolis .......... ye 

CHAPTER THIRTY-SECOND. 
\ Plaintive Stokv in the History of Annapolis ...... 99 

CHAPTER THIRTY-THIRD. 
The Geolooy of Anne Ari-ndel Coi-nty ...... 100 



CHAPTER THIRTY FOURTH. 
The Indians of Anne Arundel 



CHAPTER THIRTY-FIFTH. 
The Three State Horsiji in Annapolis . 



. CHAPTER THIRTY-SIXTH. 
Schools and Education in Anne Arundel 



CHAPTER THIRTY SEVENTH. 
Towns in Anne .\utiNDEL ........ 

CHAPTER THIRTY EIGHTH. 
Annapolis and .\nne Arcndel the Resort of Excursionists 

CH.\PTER THIRTY NINTH. 
The Area and Population of Anne Arundel ..... 

CH.\PTER FORTIETH. 
Old Fashions Disappear in Anne Arundel ..... 

CHAPTER FORTY FIRST. 
Conditions in Anne .^rindel ....... 

CHAPTER FORTY SECOND. 
Legislative Scenf-s in .\nnapolis ....... 

CHAPTER FORTY-THIRD. 
The Political, Educational and Historic Status of Anne Arundel County 

CHAPTER FORTY-FOURTH. 
A Galaxy of Illustrioits Citizens of Anne Abundel 



(CHAPTER FORTY-FIFTH. 
Ml) Ancient Landmarks 



CHAPTER FORTY-SIXTH. 
The Lost Laxdm.vkks of .^nne .Vrundel C>)Untv 



CHAPTER FORTY-SEYEXTH. 
The Ancient Bei.ief in Witches and Appakitions 



CHAPTER FORTY-EIGHTH. 
Pkooricss of the Improvements at the Naval .\cademy 



CHAPTER FORTY-NINTH. 
St. Anne's Parish— 1G92-190G .... 



CHAPTER FIFTIETH. 
Improvement" the Watchword of the Public Schools of Anne ArundSl County . 1G8 




Hi.s Exciii.LE.Ncy, THE UUXOKABLE EDWIN WAEFIELD, 

Governor of Maryland, aud, by provision of tlie 

State Constitution, a citizen of Annapolis. 



A History of Anne Arundel County* 
CHAPTER FIRST. 



THE 8ETTLEMEXT OF MARYLAND. 



1. Maryland was settled under the auspices of a charter granted by King 
Charles the First of England, to Cecelius Calvert, second Baron of Baltimore, on 
the 20th of June, 1632. A charter had been written for George Calvert, the 
father of Cecilius, the first Lord Baltimore — but, before it had passed into the 
hands of Lord Baltimore, he died. The Province was named in compliment to 
Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles the First. 

2. The ten-itory, embraced in the charter from King Charles, included " all that 
Part of the Peninsula, or Chersonese,* lying in the Parts of America between the Ocean 
on the East, and the bay of Chesopeake on the West, divided from the Residue thereof 
by a Right Line drawn from the Promontory, or Head Land, called Watkin's Point, 
situate upon the Bay aforesaid, near the river Wicho on the West, unto the Main 
Ocean on the East ; and between that Boundary on the South unto that Part of the 
Bay of Delaware on the North, which lieth under the Fortieth Degree of North 
Latitude from the Aequinoctioual, where New England is terminated, and all the 
Tract of that Land within the metes unwritten (that is to say), passing from the 
said Ba>', called Delaware BaA', in a right line, by the degree aforesaid, unto the 
true Meridian of the First Fountain of the River Pattowmack, thence verging toward 
the South, unto the further Bank of the said River, and following the same on the 
West and South, unto a certain place called Cinquack, situate near the mouth of 
the said River, where it disembogues into the aforesaid Bay of Chesapeake, and 
thence by the shortest iine unto tlie aforesaid Promontor}', or Place called Watkin's 
Point." ' 

3. The grant was one of royal powers, and Lord Baltimore was to hold forever 
of the King and his heirs and successors. Kings of England, "as of our Castle of 
Windsor, in our County of Berks, in free and common Soccage, by Fealty only for 
all Services, and not in Capite, nor by Knight's Service, Yielding therefore unto 
Us, our Heirs and Successors, two Indian Arrows of those Parts to be delivered 



Paragraph I. (a) Under what auspices was Maryland settled ? (6) To wIkuii had the Hist 
charter of Marj'Iand been given ? (c) After wliom was the Province named ? 
Paragraph 2. (a) What territory was embraced in the charter? 
Paragraph 3. (o) What powers did the grant to Lord Baltimore contain ? (/ij What tribute 



♦PenlnsulB. 



"l A HISTOKV OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 

at the said Castle of Windsor, every year, on Tuesday in Easter-Week ; and also 
the fiftli part of all Gold and Silver Ore, which shall happen from Time to Time, 
to be found within the afoi-esaid Limits." It was from the largeness of this pro- 
vision that, in after years, when the great struggle over the Stamp Act and Tea Tax 
came, that the claim went forth that, under this charter, England had abandoned 
the right to lay taxes upon the Province of Maryland and its inhabitants. 

4. In transplanting themselves from the "Mother Country," the name by which 
the inli.ibiiants of ]\Iarvl:iiKl so often, in their ordinary discourses and official docu- 
ni.'iits. .•ilfeeti..iiatelv iv'wited to En-land, tlie settlers of "the Land of the Sauc- 
tuaiy," lost none of their rights as native, free born Englishmen. It was especially 
provided in the Charter, "that all and singular the Subjects and Liege-Men," of 
the King, his heirs and successors, " transplanted or hereafter to be transplanted 
into the Province aforesaid, whether- already born there, or hereafter to be born, 
be and shall be natives and Liege-Men of Us, our Heirs and Successors of our 
Kingdom of England and Ireland ; and in all things shall be held, treated, reputed 
and esteemed as the faithful Liege-Men of Us, and our Heirs and Successors, born 
within our Kingdom of England." The grant provided that the new settlers and 
inhabitants of the Province should enjoy all the rights of property that the King's 
liege subjects in England enjoyed with ample powers to Lord Baltimore for setting 
up Courts of justice, providing for an Assembly of people to make laws as freemen, 
and to establish a free and sovereign state with the one provision of fealty only to 
the King of England, his heirs and successors, and the payment of the yearly 
tribute of two Indian arrow heads and the one-fifth of the gold and silver of the 
country. The concluding paragraph of the charter, preceding its formal execution, 
provided that, when any questions of doubt arose " concerning the true Sense 
and Meaning of any Word, Clause or Sentence contained in this our present 
Charter. We will, charge and command that Interpretation to be applied ;dways 
and in all Things, and in all our Courts and Judicatories whatsoever, to obtain, 
which shall be judged to be more beneficial, profitable and favourable to the afore- 
said now Baron of Baltimore, his Heirs and Assigns." 

5. Ceciiius Calvert appointed his V>rother, Leonard Calvert, governor of the 
new colony of Maryland, and Jeremy Hawley and Thoipas Cornwallis as his 
counsellors. From these two last appointments arose the Council of the Governor 
and, in a few years afterward, this body became the recognized Upper House of 
the General Assembly. It continued in this legislative capacity down to the Kevo- 
lutionary War. The number of colonists who embarked for Maryland consisted of 
about two hundred. The names of the principal characters are : Richard Gerard, 



was Lord Baltimore to pay the king annually ? (c) What claim did the people aftei-wards make 
from this charter ? 

Paeagkaph 4. (a) By what name did the people of Maryland call England? (6) By trans- 
planting themselves to Maryland did tho pooplo lo«n niiy of tlipir rights as native, free-born English- 
men V ((•) How were all questions of doul.t in t Iim i|i,ii"t,.i- tn 1... d.ci.lcd ? 

Pabaobaph 5. {a\ Whom did Cecillns Ciih.ii .ipinHiit ,is (;o\rin(ir and Councillors of Mary- 
land? (6) What legislative body arose fr.un this c.uiicil ? ki Ihiw many colonists embarked for 



A HISTORY OF ANNE AEUNDEL COUNTY. 3 

Edward Winter, Frederick Wiuter and Henry Wiseman, Esqrs., and Mr. John 
Saunders, Mr. Edward Crantield, Mr. Henry Green, Mr. Nicholas Fairfax, Mr. 
John Baxter, Mr. Thomas Dorrel, Mr. John Medcalfe, and Mr. William Saire, and 
Captain Jolin Hill. A number of these were said to be gentlemen of fortune, and 
most, if not all of them, were Roman Catholics. The mechanics, artizans and 
laborers who made up the rest of the colony, were chjefly Protestants. 

6. The Lord Proprietary, Cecilius Calvert, gave carefully written instructions to 
his Governor and his Councillors how they should conduct the new government of 
the Province. The first paragraph gives the key-note to the broad and generous 
spirit that animated the Proprietary in his enterprise. He instructed them that : 
" His Lordship requires his Governor and Commissioners that, in their voyage to 
Mary Land, they be vciy carefuU to preserve unity and peace amongst all the 
])assengers on Shipp-board, and that they suffer no scandal! nor offence to be given 
to any of the Protestants, whereby any just complaint maj' heereafter be made by 
them, in Virginea or in England, and that for that end they Cause all Acts of 
Iiomani- Catliolique Religion to be done as jH-ivately as may be, and that they 
instruct all the Romane Catholiques to be silent upon all occasions of discourse 
concerning matters of Religion ; and that the said Governor and Commissioners 
treate the Protestants with as much mildness and favor as Justice will permitt. 
And this to be observed at Land as well as at Sea." In the last paragraph of his 
instructions, Lord Baltimore, commanded his Governor and his Counsellors, "In 
tine, they bee very careful to do justice to every man without partiality." 

7. In this letter of advice Lord -Baltimore told his representatives that when 
they had made choice of tlio place where the}' intended to settle, the Governor or 
one of the Commissioners, should " make some short declaration to the people of 
his Lordship's intentions, which he means to pursue in this his intended plantation, 
whicli are first the honor of God, by endeavouring the conversion of the Savages to 
Christianity ; secondly, the augmentation of his Majesties Empire and Dominions 
in those ])arts of the world bj- reducing them under the subjection of his Crown; 
and thirdly, by the good of such of his Countrymen as are willing to adventure 
their fortunes and themselves in it, by endeavoring all he can to assist them, that 
they may leape the fruits of their charges and labors according to the hopefulness 
of the thing, with as much freedome, comfort and incouragement as they cann 
desire." 

8. Father White, the first historian of Maryland, who, witli Father 
Altham, another Catholic priest, accompanied the expedition, says : " On the 



Maryland ? (rf) Who were the principal ones ? fe) Of what religious faith were the chief settlers ? 
(/) Of what denomination were the artizans and laborers ? 

Pabaoraph 6. (a) What was the character of the instructions given by Lord Proprietary to 
his Governor and Councillors ? (b) Wliat did the first paragraph of these instructions require ? 
(<•) What did Lord Baltimore command in the last paragraph of his instructions ? 

Paragraph 7. (a) What were the representatives of Lord Baltimore to do when tliey had 
made choice of the place of settlement ? (h) What were his Lordship's intentions as set forth in 
Ills order for the declaration of them ':• 

Paragraph 8. (o) Who was the fust historian of Maryland? (b) What was the day of the 



4: A HlSTOIiY OF ANNE AEUNDEL COUNTY. 

Twenty-Secoud of tlie month of November, iu the year 1633, beiug St. Cecilia's 
day, we set sail from Cowes, iu the Isle of Wight, with a gentle east wind blowing, 
and, after committing the principal parts of the ship to the jjrotection of God 
especially, and of His most Holy Mother, and St. Ignatius, and all the guardian 
angels of Maryland, we sailed a little way between the two shores, and the wind 
failing us, we stopped opposite Yarmouth Castle, which is near the southern end of 
the Sale Island. Here we were received with a cheerful salute of artillery. Yet 
we were not without apprehension ; for the sailors were murmuring among them- 
selves, saying that they were expecting a messenger with letters from London, and 
from this it seemed as if they were even contriving to delay us. But God brought 
their plans to confusion, for that very night a favorable, but strong, wind, arose ; 
and a French cutter which had put into the same harbor with us, being forced to 
set sail, came near running into our pinnace. The latter, therefore, to avoid being 
run down, having cut away and lost an anchor, set sail without delay ; and, since it 
was dangerous to drift about in that place, made haste to get further out to sea, and 
so that we might not lose sight of our pinnace, we determined to follow." 

9. Poetic was the appropriateness of the names of the two vessels — the Ark 
and the Dove — that carried the first settlers of Maryland to this land of love, 
charity and liberty — where, for the first time in all the world, the banner of civil 
and religions freedom was to be unfurled, and the cross planted in token of the 
dedication of the Province to the cause of religion and of the mission of the colony 
to convert the savages to the doctrines of Christianity. 

10. A storm separated the two ships, and it was six months before they met. 
The Dove, a ship of four hundred tons, was overtaken by a second storm, in which, 
at the very beginning, the mainsail was torn in the middle from top to bottom, a 
part being blown into the sea and was recovered with difiiculty. "At this juncture," 
states Father White, " the minds of the bravest amongst us, both passengers and 
sailors, were struck with tenor ; for they acknowledged that they had seen other 
ships wrecked in a less severe storm ; but now, this hurricane called forth the 
prayers and vows of the Catholics in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Her 
Immaculate Conception, of Saint Ignatius, the Patron Saint of Maryland, and all 
the guardian angels of the same country ; and each one hastened to purge his soul 
by the Sacrament of Pennance. For all control over the rudder being lost, the ship 
now drifted about like a dish in water, at the mercy of the winds and waves, until 
God showed us a way of safety. At first, I confess, I had been engrossed with the 
apprehension of the ship's being lost, and of losing my own life ; but, after I had 
spent some time, in jjraying more fervently than was my usual custom, and had set 
forth to Christ, the Lord, to the Blessed Virgin, St. Ignatius, and the angels of 
Maryland, that the purpose of this journey was to glorify the Blood of our 



setting forth of the expedition ? (c) From what place did the expfidition set forth ? 

Paeagbaph 9. (a) What were the names of the two vessels that carried the Maryland settlers ? 

Paeagkaph 10. (a) What separated the two ships ? (ft) How were the settlers and sailors 
affected by this storm ? (e) How did the Catholic colonists act V (<7| What did Father White do? 
(e) When the storm ceased how did Father White consider It ? 



A HISTOHY OF AXNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. ••) 

Kecleemer in the salvatiou of barbarians, and, also, to raise up a kingdom for the 
Saviour (if he wouhl condescend to prosper our poor efforts), to consecrate another 
gift to the Immaculate Virgin. His Mother, and many things to the same effect ; 
great comfort shone in upon mj' soul, and, at the same time, so firm a conviction 
tliat we should be delivered, not only from this storm, but from every other during 
that voyage, that, with me, there could be no room left for doubt. I had betaken 
myself to pi-aj-er when the sea was raging its worst, and (may this be to the glor}^ 
of God), I had scarcely finished, when they observed that the storm was abating. 
That, indeed, brought me to a new fi-ame of mind, and filled me, at the same time, 
with great joy and admiration, since I understood, much more clearly, the greatness 
of God's love towards the people of Maryland, to whom your Reverence has 
sent us." * 

11. After a circuitous voyage, touching at the Barbadoes — the old route, on the 
27th of February, 1634, the Dove came to anchor at Point Comfort, in Virginia, 
llemaining there for eight or nine days, the settlers proceeded to the Potomac 
River, giving the names of saints, Gregory and Miciiael, to the two points that 
ff)rmed tlie mouth of the river, and came to an island, called Heron island, and 
anchored near another called St. Clements. Here the settlers landed on the 25th 
day of March, 1634. Here tiie holy fathers who accompanied the expedition, cele- 
brated mass, and, after tiiey had observed this rite, they took upon their shoulders a 
great cross which tliey had hewn out of a tree, and, advancing in order to the 
appointed place, with the assistance of the Governor, and his associates and other 
Catliolies, they erected this emblem of Christianity, humbly reciting, on bended 
knees, the Litanies of the Sacred Cross, with great emotion. 

12. When Governor Calvert learned that many princes were subject to the 
Emperor of Piscataway, he paid a visit to him. The Governor found the young 
king's uncle and guardian, Archihu, who willingly listened to Father Altham, who 
had accompanied the Governor. The Father explained, through an interpreter, 
Captain Henry Fleet, the errors of the heathen, and informed the chief that the 
settlers had come thither, not to make war, but out of good will towards them, in 
order to impart civilized instruction to his ignorant race, and to show the way to 
heaven. The chief said he was pleased at their coming, and, when Father Altham 
promised to come again, the chief replied : " That is just what I wish, we will eat 
at the same table ; my followers too shall go to hunt for you, and we will have all 
things in common." 



Pabagbaph 11. (Vil What route did the settlers take ? (b) When did the ships come to anchor, 
and where ? (c) To what place did they then proceed ? (d) On what day did they land ? (e) What 
religious rites did they perform ? 

Pakagraph 12 (a) To whom did Governor Calvert and Father Altham pay a visit ? (6) Whom 
accompanied the Governor as interperter to the Emporer of Piscataway ? (c) What did Father 
Altham give the emperor as the reason of the Englishmen for coming to Mai-yland ? (d) What reply 
did the Indian chief make to these explanations ? 



•This narrative was wrttton to Father White's reHgious superior, Eev. Father General Mutiiis Vltellesetis. at Borne. 



A HISTOEY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

CHAPTER SECOND. 

THE FOUNDING OF SAINT MARY'S. 



1. After Lis visit to Archiliu, Governor Calvert went to Piscataway, where all 
the inhabitants flew to arms. About live hundred Indians, equipped with bows, 
stationed themselves on the slioi-e with their Emperor ; but. after signals of peace 
were made, the Emperor, laying aside all fear, came on board the Governor's 
pinnace, and when the Emperor learned of the friendly disposition of the settlers 
towards his people, lie gave them permission to dwell where they pleased. 

2. In the meantime, while the Governor was absent from St. Clements, the 
Indians, growing bolder, began to mingle more fi-eelj^ with the sentinels of the 
settlers, for they kept watch, by day and night, to guard, from sudden attacks, their 
men, who were cutting wood, as well as watching the vessels they were building, for 
which they had brought separate planks and ribs. The admiration that the savages 
had for all they saw, gave the settlers great pleasure. The Indians had especial 
wonder of a place where a tree had grown large enough to be carved into a ship 
of such huge size, — they supposing it was cut from a single tree, like an Indian 
canoe. The cannon, sounding to them like thunder when it was discharged, filled 
them with astonishment. 

3. Leaving St. Clements, the settlers moved up the Potomac about twenty-seven 
miles, to a river which they named St. George, and lauded on the right side of the 
estuary, and going in about a mile from the shore, the settlers laid out the plan of a 
city, and named it St. ^Mary's. In order to avoid every appearance of injustice, and 
to aiford no ojipoit unity for hostility, the settlers bought from King Yocomico, who 
governed that country, tliiity miles of the land, giving, in exchange, axes, hatchets, 
rakes, and several yards of cloth. The district the settlers named Augusta Carolina, 
which, in time, became St. Mary's county. The reason why the settlei-s obtained 
the land from the Indians upon such easy terms was that the Susqueliannock 
Indians, a warlike tribe, and the bitterest enemy of King Yocomico, had made 
frequent inroads upon the inhabitants, and had ravaged the country, and had driven 
the inhabitants, from their fear of future injury, to seek homes elsewhere. They 
moved daily away, leaving the settlers their houses, land and cultivated fields. 



Paragraph 1. (a) Whom did Governor Calvert visit after Ills meeting with the Piscataways ? 
(ft) How did the Indians treat the Governor ? 

Paragraph 2. (a) What was the conduct of the Indians at St. Clements ? (6) What effect did 
the vessels and buildings have upon the Indians ? (<■) From what did they think the ship had been 
cut ? 

Paragraph 3. (a) To what place did the settlers remove from St. Clements ? (6) In order to 
avoid the appearance of injustice, wliat did the settlers do ? (c) What name was given the country 
by the set*-lers ? (d) What was the reason that the settlers obtained the land from the Indians 
upon such easy terms ? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE AEUNDEL COUNTY. 7 

4 The first act of the Governor was to cause two buildiugs to be erected, one 
for a guard house, and the other for a store-house. Some of the colonists were set 
to work to make ready for planting corn. A few days after the settlement was made. 
Governor Calvert received a friendly visit from Sir John Harvey, the Governor of 
Virginia. While Governor Harvey was at St. Mary's, several Indian kings came to 
the place. To please the Indians, Governor Calvert gave an entertainment on board 
of the ship iu the river. The king of Patuxeut was placed between the two Gov- 
ernors as the guest of honor. A Patuxent Indian coming aboard at the time, and, 
seeing his king thus environed, started back, refused to enter the cabin, thinking his 
king a prisoner, and would have leaped overboard had not the chief come out and 
have satisfied him that he was in no danger. 

5. The store-house being finished, the Governor, in order to impress the 
Indians witli respect for the settlers, directed that the unloading of the stores from 
the ship and the bringing of them to the store-house be done with pomp and 
ceremony. Tiie colors were brought on shore, the colonists paraded under arms, 
vollies of musketry were fired and answered by discharges of cannon on shipboard. 
Tlie two kings of Patuxent and Yoamaco were, witli many other Indians, present at 
this ceremony, and the chief of Patuxent advised the Indians of Yoamaco to be 
careful to keep the league that tliey had made with the English. He was so much 
impressed with the kindness of the settlers to him, that, wheu he took his leave of 
them, he made this remarkable speech : "I love the Englisii so well, that if they 
should go about to kill me, if I had so much breath as to speak, I would command 
the people not to revenge my death ; for I know they woukl not do such a thing, 
except it were through my fault." 

0. During the balance of the year, while the English and Indians lived 
together, according to their agreement, great concord prevailed. The natives went 
every day with the settlers to hunt for deer and turkeys, which, wheu they had 
caught, for they were more expert at hunting than the colonists, tiiey either gave to 
the English, or else sold for knives or beads and similar articles. The Indians also 
supplied the settlers with fish. These simple-minded natives allowed their women 
and children to act as domestics in the homes of the settlers. This harmony, 
though interrupted at times in a minor manner, was never broken to the extent of a 
war — the Marylanders and the native Indians never coming to open hostilities 
against each other. Supplied in this ample manner by the native jn-oducts of. this 
land of plenty, in addition, the colonists had thoughtfully brought a store of Indian 
corn from the Barbadoes, where they had landed, as well as they had provided at 
home a stock of flour and bread. The^, as intended, had arrived in Maryland at 

Paragraph 4. (a) What was the first act of the Governor ? (6) What other work was doue by 
the settlers ? (r) From whom did the Governor receive a friendly visit ? (ilj Give what happened 
at an entertainment on board the ship. 

Paragraph .'5. (a) What did they do in order to impress the Indians with respect for the 
settlers? ib) What advice did the chiefs of Patu.\ent and Y'oammoco give the other Indians? 
(c) What was the speech that the king of Patuxent made ? 

Paragraph 6. (n) In what way did the Indians and English live with each other ? (h) Was 
there ever open warfare between the Indians and the Marylanders ? (c) To whom did the Mary- 
landers export com that they had raised ? 



8 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

the mild ;ukI planting season, and, putting their crop of corn in the ground, had 
such an abundant yield that they had not only enough for themselves, but were 
able to export a quantity to New England in exchange for fish and other provisions. 

7. The beautiful period of love and friendship between the settlers and the 
Indians was rudely interrupted by false insinuations circulated by Captain William 
Clayborue and his adherents, amongst them Captain Hemy Fleete, who had been 
the guide of Gov. Calvert in his visit to the King of the Patuxent. Misled by the 
evil counsels of Clayborne, Captain Fleete became very hostile to the settlers, and 
excited the anger of the Indians against the colonists by all the means in his 
power. The enmity of Clayborne himself was created by his claim to the Isle of 
Kent and to another settlement that he had made at the mouth of the Susquehanna 
Eiver. Clayborne held a license from the Government of Virginia to traffic with 
the Indians, and, by virtue of this privilege, had made these settlements and 
claimed the soil by the powers granted in his license. Lord Baltimore resisted 
these claims, and gave orders in September, 1634, that, if Clayborne would not 
submit to his government, he should be seized and punished. 

8. The Indians, believing the statements of Clayborne that the new settlers 
were Spaniai'ds and enemies of the English, suddenly withdrew themselves from 
St. Mary's. The colonists were then engaged in erecting comfortable houses for 
themselves ; but, alarmed at the change in the conduct of the Indians, they ceased 
work on their homes, and began the erection of a fort for their defence. This took 
them six weeks, when they returned to build their own houses. In a very brief 
time the Indians became convinced of the deception that had been practiced upon 
them, and repaired again to the company of their friends at St. Mary's. 

9. Clayborne determined to maintain his claims by force. Early in 1635, he 
issued his special warrant to Eatcliffe Warren to seize and capture any of the 
vessels belonging to the colonists or government of St. Mary's. An armed pinnace, 
under this commission, was fitted out, and manned with fourteen men, amongst 
whom was "Thomas Smith, gentleman," who seems to have been second in com- 
mand. The government of St. Mary's equipped two armed pinnaces, which set sail 
under the command of Captain Thomas Cornwallis, one of Governor Calvert's 
Councillors. The two hostile forces met in April or Ma}^, 1635, in either the 
Pocomoke or Wighcomoco river, where a battle ensued between them. Clayborne's 
men fired the first shot, and Cornwallis immediately returned the fire. William 
Ashmore, one of the St. Mary's men, was killed, and Lieutenant Warren and two of 
his men lost their lives in this onset, probably, the first naval action between 
Englishmen in America. Thomas Smith, in 1638, was tried before the Assembly 
for the part he had taken in the battle, and condemned to death, but the records do 



Paragraph 7. (a) How and by whom was the friendliness between the English and Indians 
interrupted ? (6) By what authority did Clayborne lay claim to the Isle of Kent ? 

Pabaoraph 8. (a) How did the Indians act ? (b) How did the settlers act ? (c) How long was 
it before the Indians were convinced ot the deception practiced upon them ? 

Paragraph 9. (a) What did Clayborne determine to do ? (7*) What did he issue and to whom ? 
(c) What action did the government take ? (rf ) What happoiipfl when the hostile forces met ? 
(e) What was tlie result of tlie trial of Thomas Sniitli '^ i /"| What became of Clayborne ? 




THE sTATi: iiorsi; \t axxapolis. 

Eroeted in 1772 — tho tliiid oiio ou thfi same site. 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 9 

uot show that the sentence was carried out. Claj'borne, in the meantime, had lied 
to England, Governor Harvey of Virginia, having refused to deliver him to the 
Maryland authorities, thinking it proper to send him to England with his witnesses. 

10. Minute directions had been given by Lord Baltimore as to the terms on 
which he would grant land to adventurers in Maryland. These conditions were that 
every first adventurer, who brought five men, aged between sixteen and fifty years, 
into the Province, in the year 1633, should have the grant of two thousand acres of 
land unto him and his heirs forever, for the yearly rent of four hundred pounds of 
good wheat. Every adventurer who brought less than five into the Province, should 
have a hundred acres for himself, one hundred for his wife if he brought one, and for 
and in respect to every servant, and fifty acres fcfi- every child under sixteen years, for 
the rent of ten pounds of wheat yearly for ever}' fifty acres. Every adventurer who 
came in the years 1634 and 1635, who brought ten men, for every ten men he was 
to have a grant of two thousand acres, under the yearly rent of six hundred pounds 
of good wheat, and those who brought less than ten were to have a hundred acres 
for himself, his wife, for every servant, and fifty acres for every child under sixteen 
years, at the yearly rent of seventy pounds of wheat for every fifty acres. Every 
adventurer, after the year 1635, was to receive for every five men transported, one 
thousaad acres of land, at the yearly rent of twenty shillings, to be paid in the com- 
modities of the country, and any one who transported less than five was to have a 
hundred acres for iiimself, his wife, for every man servant, and fifty acres for every 
child under sixteen years of age, and for every maid under forty years, fifty acres, 
at the yearly rent of twelve pence per acre. Grants of one, two and three thousand 
acres were to be erected and created into manors. The records of the Manor 
Court, established upon one of these ancient Maryland manors, still remains. 
Indeed, it is thought, with good grounds for the belief, that it was Lord Baltimore's 
intention to create a Maryland hereditary aristocracy by means of these manorial 
grants and the lords of the manors. 

11. By these conditions, on which land was granted to the settlers, the title of 
the land was held in fee by the freeholders, and was to V)e theirs, their heirs, or 
assigns forever, so long as the holders paid the nominal annual rent demanded of 
them. This safe title to their land fostered the spirit of independence inherent in 
the breasts of Englishmen, and gave security and protection to the property of the 
settlers. Under the manorial grants a number of manors were erected. Amongst 
these the Manor of St. Clements, with Thomas Gerrard as its lord ; the Manor of 
Evelin, with George Evelin as its lord; the Manor of Great Oak, with Marmaduke 
Selden as its lord ; the Manor of Eastern Neck, with James Rinugold as its lord ; 
and the Manors of Kent Island and of the Susquehanna, in Cecil County, with 
Giles Brent as their lord. 



Par.\<jkai'H 10. (a) What were the conditions under which settlers obtained land from Lord 
Baltimore ? (fcl Wliat was Lord Baltimore's intention in creating manors ? 

Pakagbaph 11. ((() What was the title of the land held by the settlers ? (b) Name some of the 
rected in Maryland, and names of the Lords? 



HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



CHAPTER THIRD. 



THE ERECTION OF SAINT MARY'S AND KENT COUNTIES. 



1. Clothed with legislative rights, the Free Men of Maryland, the second year 
following the settlement of the Province, 1635, met in General Assembly. Uufor- 
fortunately what was transacted in -this Assembly has been lost to posterity. The 
Legislature was determined to have been illegally called, and this will account for 
no care being taken to preserve the records, as they were of no legal value. The 
first lawful Session of the General Assembly of Maryland began on the 25th day of 
January, 1637, (old style.) The Legislature then met as one body, — the Crovernor, 
the Councillors, and the Freemen composing it. All the Freemen of the Province 
were summoned to this Assembly, and had, under penalty of fine, to appear either 
ill pcisnii (ir by proxy. Captain Thomas Coi-uwallis held fifty-four voices, or 
])iM\i(s, (';i))tain Evelin, of Kent, had forty-eight, and the President of the General 
A-^s^'lllllly, Governor Calvert, held thirty-eight votes. At this Assembly the Freemen 
of Maryland exhibited that spirit of independence and determination to maintain 
their rights that have always characterized their deliberations. Lord Baltimore had 
forwarded a number of laws for the General Assembly to consider. This bod}', in 
turn, propounded and prepared a number of laws to be presented to the Lord Balti- 
more, denying and destroying forever the Proprietary's claim, that he, alone, had 
the right to originate laws, and that the Freemen had only the power to veto or 
assent to them. 

2. The first official record of the name of St. Mary's county is that found in 
the commission given to John Lewger, the trusty councillor of the Governor, and 
Secretary of the Province. It was dated at St. Mary's, on January 24, 1637, and 
authorized him to be a conservator of the peace in the County of St. Maries. 

3. Five days after the commission was given to John Lewger, one was executed 
for James Baldridge, as sheriff and coroner of St. Mary's County. The bond 
that Baldridge gave to well and duly execute the office of sheriff' was " one thousand 
pound weight of good merchantable tobacco." Although, in the order of antiquity, 
St. Mary's county has been, from a very early date in the annals of the Province, 
acknowledged and recognized to be the oldest county, yet twenty-five days before 
the first commission was issued to an officer of that county, John Lewger, one 
was issued to George Evelin, as Commander of the- Isle of Kent, and giving him 



Pakagkaph 1. (a) When did the Legislature meet, and where ? (6) When did the first legal 
Legislature meet and where ? (c) Name some of the members and the number of proxies, or votes 
that they had ? (d) What claim of Lord Baltimore's did this body destroy forever ? 

Paragkaph 2. (a) Where is the first official record of the name of St. Mary's found ? 

Paragraph 3. (a) What commission appears on the records ahead of the name of St Mary's ? 



A HISTORY OF ANXE ARUNDEL COUNIV. 11 

uutbority to choose six of the inhabitants of the Island to advise and consult in all 
matters of importance, and power to call Courts, award process, and to hear and 
determine all manner of causes, civil and criminal, happening in the Island. 
Robert Vaughan, on the oth day of January, 1637, was made high constable of the 
hundred of St. Clements. On February 9, 1637, Robert Philpot, William Coxe 
and Thomas Allen were commissioned as conservators of the peace for the Isle of 
Kent. 

4. Although St. Mary's Count}' had actual and official existence, it was not 
until 1695, by chapter 13 of the Acts of that Session, that the boundaries of St. 
Mary's were definitely settled, and these bounds were contii-med and ratified by the 
Act of 1704, chapter 92, which enacted " that St. Mary's County shall begni at 
Point Look Out, and extend up the Potomac River to the lower side of Bird's 
Creek, and so, over by a straight line drawn from the head of the main branch of 
the said Bird's Creek, to the head of Indian Creek in Patuxent River, including all 
that laud lying between Patuxent and Potomac Rivers, from the lower part of the 
said two creeks and branches of Bird's and Indian's Creek by the line aforesaid, 
and by Point Look Out." 

5. Kent County, the second county in honorable antiquity amongst the counties 
of Maryland, bore the same relation to the counties of the Eastern Shore, that St. 
Mary's did to the Western — it was the necleus around which the other counties 
formed. Like St. Mary's, its limits were not defined at its establishment, and only 
were they declared when it became uecessai-y, after many years, because other 
counties had been formed around and from them. Indeed, the name of count}^ was 
not applied to Kent in the earliest records, aud, in the roll of members of the 
General Assembly- of 1637, only one member is recorded as representing a county, 
James Baldridge, the sheriff of St. Mary's, who is recorded as " Sheriff of St. 
Mary's Count}'." The other Free Men came as councillors of . the Governor, as 
representatives of hundreds, by virtue of their own personal right, or by the 
proxies of otlier freemen. Robert Evelin appeared as Commander of the Isle of 
Kent, and tiie title of county is not used in connection with any representative who 
appeared from Kent. 

6. It was not until 1706 that Kent County had its boundaries established. 
The Act of that session enacted that the lines of Kent County should be : " On 
the north, Sassafras River from the bay to the south end of Long Horse Bridge, 
lying over the head of the said river, and thence a straight line, drawn east and by 
south, to the exterior bounds of the Province ; on the east, by the lines of the 
Province, until they intersect the southern line ; on the south, a line beginning on 
the bay with Chester River, and running with the same to a branch called Sewell's 



Fasaobaph 4. (a) In what year were the actual boundaries of St.' Mary's definitely settled ? 
(6) On what river is St. Mary's County ? 

PARAGB.4PH 5. (a) What is the second county in antiquity in Maryland ? (b) By what name 
was it first represented in the Legislature ? 

Pakaoraph 6. (a) In what year did Kent county have its boundaries established V (6) What 
hay and rivers form part of the boundaries of Kent County ? 



A HIMTilIiV OV ANNK AIU'NDEL COUNTY. 



JJraucli, and with that to its head, and thence, bj a due east line to the eastern 
bounds of the Province ; on the west the bay." 



CHAPTER FOURTH. 



LIFE AMONGST THE EARLY SETTLERS OF MARYLAND. 



1. The broad and benign policy of Lord Baltimore attracted, early in the 
history of the colony, men of wealth, learning and station, while the laborer, the 
mechanic and the artizan were also amongst its first adventurers. The professions 
were represented in the lawyer, the soldier, the physician and the surveyor, whilst 
the trades and crafts numbered in its membership the farmer, the planter, the 
barber, the carpenter, and the ship-builder. 

2. Owing to the absence of a legislative body, there was no code of law in 
operation in the colony until 1637, and then, when the Assembly had rejected the 
body of laws sent over to them by Lord Baltimore, it was suggested by Captain Corn- 
wallis, a member of the Assembly of 1637, that the Legislature declare that the law 
of England was to be applied as far as applicable, and it was, finally, suggested that 
military law be enforced for the sake of good government. Notwithstanding the 
want of statutory law, the Province had great internal peace, and, after the Session 
of 1637, justices of the peace, commanders of districts, and sheriffs were commis- 
sioned and Courts established for the enforcement of rights, the conservation of 
justice, and the adjudication of causes. 

3. The Assembly of 1637 having rejected the body of Laws, drawn up in 
England, and transmitted by his Lordship in ordei- to be passed by the Provincial 
Legislature, the Assembly appointed a Committee to prepare a Draft of Laws to 
be propounded to his Lordship for his Assent, and the Legislature agreed to forty- 
two acts. They were never enacted into Laws, nor are even copies of them, nor of 
those sent over by his Lordship, to be found amongst the records of the Province. 
The titles of the bills which the Assembly proposed are still extant, and they show 
the mind and spirit that moved the founders of the State of Maryland. Amongst 
these proposed acts were : A bill for dividing the Province ; a bill for Bounding of 



Paragkaph 1. (a) Wlxom did the policy of Lord Baltimore attract to tlie Province ? 

Paragbaph 2. (a) Owing to tlie alisonon of tho LoLrislative body, what appears not 'to have 
been in operation until 1637? (bj Notwil li-^l.iiilini,' Mm' want of a code of laws, what wa.s the state 
of the colony ? (c) Who were coramis-iio I all .m I li.' S.-^^iou of 1637? 

Paragraphs. («) How many acts did Uic Li',i,'islatiire of 1637 agree to? (6) Name some of 
the proposed acts ? (c) Did Lord Baltimore agree to them ? 



A HISTORY OF ASXE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 13 

Manors ; bills to assign, people and support Manors ; a bill for settling of the 
Glebe ; a bill for Baronies ; a bill for assigning of Freeholds ; a bill for Building of 
a Town ; a bill for erecting a Fort ; a bill for planting corn ; a bill for restraint of 
liquors ; a bill for military Discipline ; a bill for the Assurance of the titles of laud ; 
a bill for the liberties of the People ; a bill for swearing allegiance to our Sovereign ; 
liills for the descending of land and for the succession of goods of a deceased 
intestate ; bills for probate of Wills ; touching General Assemblies ; for the punish- 
ment of all Servants ; for Corn Measures ; for fees ; for payment of Forfeitures ; for 
Treasons ; for Capital Offences ; for allowing Clergy for some capital offences : for 
the arbitrai'y punishment of enormous offences ; for the punishment of lesser 
crimes, and closing the list with a bill for the Support of the Lord Proprietary. 

4. The dispute between Lord Baltimore and William Clayborne was settled by 
the Commissioners of Trade in England, on the 4th of April, 1638. The judgment 
of the Commissioners was "that the lands in question absolutely belonged to Lord 
Baltimore, and that no plantation, or trade with the Indians, ought to be allowed, 
within the limits of his patent, without his permission ; that, with' regard to the 
violences complained of, no cause for any relief appeared, but that both jJiU'ties 
should be left to the ordinary course of justice." A few months later, in July, 1638, 
by the assistance of Sir William Alexander, his patron in the business, Clayborne 
procured a royal order to L(jrd Baltimore commanding him to allow Clayborne and 
his agents or patrons to enjoy their possessions, and be safe in their persons and 
goods, till the cause referred should be decided. The order is supposed to have 
been a restraining order only until the case had been decided by the Lord Commis- 
sioners who, at that time, had not given publication to their judgment of April. 
When Loid Baltimore received the order, he said he would wait on the king, and 
give him perf(>ct satisfaction. This, we may presume, was done, as Lord Baltimore 
was finally confirmed in all his rights in Maryland. 

5. Lord Baltimore's settlement of the colony of Maryland cost him, for the 
first two years, forty thousand pounds sterling, and he was able to recoup a thou- 
sand pounds of this expenditure in seizing the pipe-staves that, in a co-partnership 
agreement with William Cloberry and David Morehead, of London, Clayborne had 
cut on Kent Island. The early colonists, of both Virginia and Maryland, were, 
also, industriously engaged in trade with the Indians, and with enterprizing effort 
supplied themselves with conck or cockle shells, which passed current as money, 
with the Indians. The shells were wrought and perforated to be strung on strings, 
and being highly polished and of variegated colors, were used as ornaments to the 
person, and was particularly agreeable to the female sex, as necklaces and bracelets 
of pearl were to the belles of Europe. Maryland began its planting with corn and 
tobacco, and, in the absence, of either paper or metal money, tobacco soon became 
the currency of the country, and the standard of values. 

Paraokaph 4. (a) When was the dispute between Lord Baltimore and Clayborne settled? 
ih) To whom did the Commissioners of Trade say the lands in question belonged ? 

Paragraph 5. (a) What did Lord Baltimore's settlement of the colony cost him in the first 
two years ' (b) What were the colonists engaged in ? (o) With what did they supply themselves ? 
(rfi What were these shells used for by the Indians ? (e) What became the currency in Maryland ? 



14 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

6. The justice and equity with which ' the government of Lord Baltimore was 
administered, and its strict care to prevent religious dissensions is shown in an 
incident that occurred in 1638. A proclamation had been issued, prohibiting "all 
unseasonable disputations in point of religion, tending to the disturbance of the 
public peace and quiet of the colony, and to the opening of faction in religion." 
Captain Coruwalleys had some servants who were Protestants. They lived in the 
same house with William Lewis, a zealous Catholic, under whose charge the servants 
were. It hapjjened, not improbably with an obvious intention that Lewis should 
have the benefit of it, that Francis Gray and Robert Sedgrave, two of these Protes- 
tant servants of Captain Cornwallis, were reading, aloud, Mr. Smith's Sermons, a 
Protestant work. William Lewis came through the room. Supposing they were 
reading the book for him to hear, particularly some offensive passages in it — "that 
the pope was anti-Christ, and the Jesuits anti-Christian ministers," Lewis retorted 
" that it was a falsehood, and came from the devil, as all lies did, and he would 
prove it; and that all Protestant ministers were ministers of the devil," and Lewis, 
thereupon, furbade the two from reading that book any more. The servants 
prepared a ^jetition that Lewis alleged they had intended to be presented by them 
to Sir William Harvey, the Governor of Virginia, Gov. Harvey being a Protestant, 
as soon as they had procured the signatures of all the Protestants in Maryland. The 
servants denied this, but said it was to be presented to the Governor of Maryland. 
The sentiment of the petition was a complaint against Lewis for his abuse of the 
Protestant ministers, and his refusal to permit them either to keep or read, in any 
house, any book which appertained to their religion. Before the petitioners had 
time to present their memorial for redress, Lewis gave information of the document 
to Captain Cornwaliis, who presented the matter to Secretary Lewger, who ordered 
the parties, with their witnesses, to be brought before himself and Captain Corn- 
wallis. The petition was delivered to Captain Cornwallis, and the parties bound 
over with two sureties to answer at the next Court. In the absence of a witness the 
servants' cases were deferred ; but the Secretary gave his opinion that Lewis, for 
his " offensive speeches and unseasonable dispiitations in point of religion, contrary 
to a public proclamation to prohibit all such disputes," should be fined 500 pounds 
of tobacco, and to remain in the sheriff's custody until lie found sufficient securities 
for his good behaviour in time to come. 

7. The gentle and generous s]iirit tli.it pervaded the Commonwealth in that most 
fruitful source of dissension — tin- idii^ioiis (inestiim — was further exemplified and 
encouraged by the request of Fatlnis Wliiti' and Altliam, which petition was granted, 
to be excused from the obligation to attend the Assembly as Free Men. This wise 
discretion eliminated all suspicion of priestcraft from the government of the 
Province, and accentuated Lord Baltimore's instructions that Catholics should not 
be ofl'ensive to Protestants. Indeed, so broad was the charity and knightly the 



Paragraph 6. (a) What proclamation had been issued? (6| Who was arrested for violating 

this proclamation ? fci For what cause ? ((J) What was the judgment ot the Court against Lewis? 

Paragraph 7. (») How was the gentle and generoxis spirit that pervaded the commonwealth 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 15 

cliivalrv of Lord Baltimore's government of Maryland, that, so long as be and his 
heirs were in power iu the Province, there is uot known or recorded one case of 
religious persecution of any character, not only of professed Christians, but neither 
of Greek or Gentile, Jew or Barbarian. The only place in all the wide, wide world, 
where religious freedom was encouraged and religious liberty established, Maryland 
became "The Land of the Sanctuary," aud her splendid toleration rose on the 
horizon of a bigoted age, as "The Day-Star of American Freedom." 

8. In the year 1639, there were symptous of trouble with the Indians of the 
Eastern Shore and the Susquehanuas. The colonists made preparation, by both a 
land and sea force, to protect themselves, but the rupture of friendly relations did 
not result in open warfare. In the year 1640, William Ciayborne, by his attorney, 
George Scovell, of Virginia, requested power aud liberty, to recover his property in 
Maryland. The answer to this request was that such property had been forfeited 
to the Lord Proprietary for certain crimes of piracy and murder, and " if the 
petitioner can find out any of the said estate, not possessed or held by that right, 
he shall do well to inform his lordship's attorney of it, that it may be recovered to 
his Li)r(l.s]ii]>"s use," but that if Ciayborne had acquired any estate in Maryland, 
since his attaint in 1()37, the law of the Province, without anj' further grant, gives 
the petitioner or his attorney full power to recover it. The Indians, in the year 
Itj-ll, supposed to be the Ozinies, numbering about sixty warriors, had become so 
threatening in their demeanor towards the people of Kent Island, that Governor 
Calvert issued a proclamation, prohibiting any one from harboring or entertaining 
any Indian, and authorizing " an}' inhabitant whatsoever of the Isle of Kent to 
shoot, wound or kill, any Indian whatsoever coming upon said island, until further 
order be given lierein." The Free Men of Kent, from the poll of voters, did not 
then number aViove twenty-five in number. There was still, in the face of such a 
tension, in the relations existing between the colonist and the aboriginees, no open 
hostilities between them. 

9. Again the hydra — religious dissension — lifted its head in Maryland, to be as 
promi)tly suppressed. Thomas Gerrard, given to strong drink and hot words, on 
March 2'2d, 1642, was charged, in a petition to the House of Burgesses, signed by 
David Wicklirt", in the name of the " Protestant Catholics " of Maryland, with 
taking away the key of the chapel, and carrying away the books of the chapel. 
Mr. Gerrard was summoned to answer, and, after hearing the evidence of the prose- 
cution and the defence of Mr. Gerrard, the House found iiim guilty of a mis- 
demeanor, and adjudged that he return the kev- and the books, aud relinquish all 
title to them or the house, and to pay a fine of 500 pounds of tobacco, " towards 



further e.Kt^inplined ? (6) So long as Lord Baltimore and his heirs held the government, were there 
any religions pi^rsecutions in Marj'land ? (<■) What name was given Maryland ? 

P.\i!A<iKAi'H 8. la) What .symptoms of trouble were there in 1639 ? (6) What request did Ciay- 
borne make in 1G40 ? (r) What answer was made to this request? (d) How had the Indians 
become in 1G41 V {e) What was the poll of the free men of Kent about this time ? 

Par.\oraph '.). (a) What charge was made against Thomas Gerard in 1642 ? (/)) What was the 
judgraeut of the Court upon the charge ? 



: A lIISTOliY OF ANNE AlilNDKL COrNTY. 

10. The colonists, luwiug plautecl the pieced ng ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^.^ ,f it to 
tobacco, the Governor issued -V^-^^'^Zi^o^^S ^eir staple product, 

England The "-----"^^s'td ',; crn ^^^^^^^^^^ I^S'^' '^ ^^^f ^^'f 

was further increased by the plots '^""^ "^^'^^ . j^ the absence of Gov. Calvert, 

iu the rrovince. Giles Brent, then ^^^^^^.^^^J^^'i^.i^er, ^' to yield his body to 
issued a proclaniation ca hnp -^^^^^^l^XZe thk first day of February 
Robert EUyson, sherift of thi>, (bt- Mai.. ^^ ^°'™'\j - t -^ ^^^,.^u, shall be objected 
next, to answer such crimes of t.-eason, as on his Majes J s l,e ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ 

against him." The proclamation ^iX^^^sSr s weil i>B™ediatel/ taken for 
t^.son ag^nst ^^^f^^^^, iTX^uently escaped ^m custody, 
seizing his ship, ingie ^ab app p,vibled 'William Clayborne to 

„. r,i„e„si„.„ ■" ;'?'«.,„7fjlS L„n*e,,.l,, .,o. .„e-p.oc.a„a. 
re-assert his claims to Kent islanil, ana, im ,r' . - ^f Clayborne s attempt to 

tion that Gov. Calvert issnied, ^-'^^_rt^^^ Mark'Pheypo and John 
retake the Island, the Governor Sf ^ ^, ^'^^^J'^^^^Vei.^ht men, and go to Kent 
Genalles,to take command ot V'^llTcHybSre o^any ot^^ any 

Island, and "to incpure ^yhether Cj^f Cla^^^^^^^^^^ tJ, island, and to learn 

disturbance of the peace or <^o"^'^^"«^V;2fh hefs of there, at sea or shore, and 
what force he did it .ith, and what f ^^^^f^^^J^^^^^^to sta^^^ The loss of precious 
.hat his intents further be -^V^;; ^^^^^.^^X's of Y^^^ and Clayborne has 
records of the Province through tl»J^,PJfXf expedition, and of Ingle and Clay- 
destroyed all information as of the ^'esult ^^^ «^^^ '^^'^.^ ;^, ^ ^ of eighteen 
borne attempts upon Uie Province. J ^^p .^V^^.f '"B^egin^ing w'ith the renewal 
inonchs between the oihcial ^:f;;-|:^^^,,''Vc' Ivert isTound in Virginia, with Captain 
of the provincial archives, in 1646, Go .Caveitsoun ^^^ purporting to 
Edward Hill acting as Governor f .^f,^^/;','^^;,.^ "^ commission to Captain 

^I^Z^^^Z^^U^^o^emo, forbid to be exported Irom tb. P™vl..e i« 1«« ' 

■';;iESsrii.rorKi^.~tsid'r,^^^^^^^^^ 

""Tr:ir:;rirTrw.«..'d o„v.™o,. c.i.,« .«o™p...bw,.b b,. «..,. .™.,-> (« «-i.™ 




THE (iOVERXORS MAXSIOX, ANNAPOLIS. 




COURT OV APPEALS P,TILDING, ANNAPOLIS. 



A HISTORY OF AXNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 17 

to give up his office of Governor upon conditions mutually subscribed by Gov. 
Calvert and himself — one of the conditions being that there should be a payment, 
or compensation, made to Gov. Calvert of all the perquisites that Gov. Hill had 
received wliile in office. After the winter had ended, Gov. Calvert proceeded to 
Kent Island and reduced it to the authority of the Lord Proprietary, and, once 
more, all Maryland was under the government of Lord Baltimore. It is probable 
that the estates of the rebels on the island were confiscated, because, in a commis- 
sion to Capt. Vaughan, he is particularly called upon to take all the estate of John 
Abbott, of Kent Island. 

13. The reduction of Kent Island and the orders given in relation to the late 
insurrection were the last official acts of Gov. Calvert. On the 9th, of June, 1647, 
he died. In his death the Province lost an executive whose public character was 
without reproach. Little or nothing is known of his private life, but his adminis- 
tration was marked by a performance of the trust reposed in him with honesty and 
integrity towards his brother — the Proprietary — and with fairness and justice 
towards the people of the Province. During his term of office not one single case 
of wrong or injustice occurred at his hand upon any of the inhabitants of the 
Province — Indian or Englishman. 



CHAPTER FIFTH. 



THE ADMIXISTRATION OF MAKGARET BRENT. 



1. The death of Governor Calvert brought into the scenes of Maryland history 
that remarkable ciiaracter^Mistress Margaret Brent — Mistress by the courteous 
chivalry of the period — her age and maidenhood uniting to give her this title of 
honor. Relative of the expiring Governor, about six hours before his death, 
Cioveriior Calvert, directing his speech to Mrs. Margaret Brent, said in the presence 
of Thomas Greene and other witnesses : " I make you my sole Executrix. Take all, 
and pay all." After these words, he desired every one to depart the room, and was, 
for some time, in private conference with Mrs. Brent. Making her claim under this 
oral will, for administration, Mrs. Brent was duly appointed the administratrix, and 
sought, at the same time, the probate of the Governor's testamentary wishes. 



did Governor Calvert proceed to Kent ? (c) Under whose Government now was all Maryland ? 

Paraor.\ph 13. (a) What were the last official acts of Governor Calvert ? (6) How was Gov- 
ernor Calvert's administration marked ? 

Paragraph 1. (a) What rcmarliable charaytor came upon the scenes alter the death of 
Governor Calvert ? (6) What will luul the Governor made ? 

2 



18 A HISTOIiY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

2. The question arising before the Provincial Court, whether or not, Mrs. Brent 
might not, under the conditions existing, act as the attorney in fact of Lord Balti- 
more, it was decided, the matter resting, in the decision, upon the opinion of Giles 
Brent, her brother, that she could act as his lordship's attornej'. This illustrious 
woman was of strong intellect and heroic courage in the management of both her 
public and private affairs, and set about her new business with great energy. The 
Legislature having met in the year 1648, Margaret Brent appeared before that body 
in person, and demanded " to have a vote in the house for herself, and another as 
his lordship's attorney." This was refused by Governor Greene, who acted as the 
President or Speaker of the body, whereupon, Mrs. Brent protested against- all the 
proceedings of that Assembly. 

3. At the close of this Session of Assembly Governor Greene issued a procla- 
mation declaring pardon to every inhabitant, residing within the province, for any 
offence whatsoever committed by any of them from the fourteenth of February, 
1G44:, unto the 16th of April, 1648, and, also, to every other person, out of the 
province, who acknowledged sorrow for his fault, and who would ask pardon before 
the feast of St. Michael, the archangel, next, excepting Kichard Ingle, mariner. 

4. Lord Baltimore was greatly displeased with Margaret Brent for taking charge 
of his estates in the province, which being brought to the attention of the assembly, 
that body, in an address to the Lord Baltimore, declared : " We do verily believe, 
and, in Conscience report that it was better for the Colony's safety, at that time, in 
her hands, than in any man's else, in the whole Province, after your brother's death, 
for the soldiers never would have treated any other with that civility and respect ; 
and though they were, even ready at several times, to run into mutiny, yet she 
pacified them till, at the last, things were brought to that strait, that she must be 
admitted and declared your Lordship's Attorney, by an order of Court (the Copy 
whereof is herewith enclosed) or else all must go to ruin again, and then the second 
mischief had been, doubtless, far greater than the former ; so that, if there hath 
not been any sinister use made of your Lordship's estate, by her from what it was 
intended and engaged for by Mr. Calvert before his death, as we verily believe, she 
hatli not, then, we conceive, from that time, she rather deserved favor and thanks 
from your honor for her so much concurring to the public safety, than to be justly 
liable to all those bitter invectives you have been pleased to express against her." 

5. In the year 1648, the Lord Proprietary removed from the office of Governor 
Thomas Greene, who had been named as his successor by Leonard Calvert, and 
appointed William Stone, Esq., of Northampton County, Virginia, a zealous Prot- 



Paeagbaph 2. (a) How did the Court decide Mrs. Brent should act? (b) How did she manage 
her public and private affairs? ic) What claim did she make to the Legislature, and with what 
result? 

Paragraph 3. (n) AVhat did the Proclamation of Governor Greene, made at the close of the 
session, declare? 

Paragraph 4. (n) How was Lord Baltimore affected by Mrs. Brent taking charge of his 
estates? (6) Who defended Mrs. Brent? (c) What did the Legislature say in her defence? 

Pabagbaph 5. (n) Whom did the Proprietary remove from tlie office of Governor? (h) Whom 



A HISTORY OF ANXE AEUXTDEL COUNTY. 19 

estaiit, and, generally known to have been always zealously affected to the Parlia- 
ment, Governor in Greene's stead. The oath of office which the new Governor was 
recinired to take, bound him not to disturb any person whatsoever in the Province 
lirofessing to believe in Jesus Christ, and, in particular no Eoman Catholic, on 
account of his religion, and he was to have no partiality on account of religious 
belief lu the distribution of offices, rewards and favors. The new councillors who 
were named to act with Governor Stone, were also required to take a similar oath, 
so that Maryland began anew her career of religious toleration. Margaret Brent 
ceased to be a public official, but continued to hold a high place in the annals of 
the colony, and frequently appeared in the Courts of the Province as a practicing 
lawyer. ^ ® 



CHAPTER SIXTH. 



MAKYLAND A PROTOTYPE OF ENGLAND. 



1. Lord Baltimore having assented to the right of the Free Men of Maryland 
to originate laws, and having given his Governor, subject to his dissent, the authority 
to approve the laws which the people made, a session of the Legislature, under the 
new conditions, was held at the Fort of St. Mary's, and then the same day removed 
to St. John, on the 2oth of March, 1638. The' first act of this Assembly was to 
establish the House of Assembly. This act styled the several persons returned 
elected, as Burgesses, and to all the same intents and purposes as the Burges.ses in 
an}- borough in England, in the Parliament of England. In the House were included 
those " Gentlemen summoned by his Lordship's special writ." These, when assem- 
bled, or any twelve of them, provided the twelve included the Lieutenant-General, 
or Governor, and the Secretary, shall be "called the House of Assembly." At 
that time the Legislature still met as one House. The laws, passed by the House 
and assented to by the Governor, were to be the laws of the Province, " as if his 
Lordship and all the Free Men of this Province were personally present, and did 
assent." 

2. The next act was to ordain certain laws for the further Government of the 
Province. By this general act, the Holy Church, within the Province, was to have 
all her rights and liberties. This act did not, however, establish any form of 



<iid he appoint in Governor Greene's place? (f| To what did the oath of office bind the new 
Governor? 

Paragraph 1. (a) Lord Baltimore, after assenting to tlie right of the Free Men to propose 
laws, what was the first act of the session of 1638? (6) What was the title of the members of the 
House of Assembly? (c) Who else were included in the Assembly beside those elected as 
Burgesses? 

Pakaobaph 2. (a) What was the next act? (b) What was the Holy Church to have in the 



20 A HIHTOKY OF AlvNE ARUNDEL COXTNTY. 

religion, but preserved the Church in its universality, it would seem, in all its 
abstract rights. This statute acknowledged all the rights and prerogatives of the 
Lord Proprietary and preserved to the people their rights and liberties according to 
the great Charter of England. The Lieutenant-General, within the Province, and 
the Commander of the Isle of Kent, were directed to try all civil cases according 
to the laws or laudable usages of the Province, or, otherwise, according to the laws 
or laudable usages of England. Another Assembly was held in 1640, and an act 
prohibiting the exportation of corn, another for the planting of corn, one touching 
marriages, one rating artificers' wages, and others relating to servants' clothes and 
touching tobacco, were passed. Subsequent Assemblies were held annually for 
several years, the Free Men providing, by appropriate legislation, for the good and 
government of the Province. All the acts exhibited the spirit of English law and 
jurisprudence. 

'6. No branch of the history of Maryland, more than the records of the Courts, 
displays so distinctly the life and character of the people who settled Maryland. 
Here are seen the motives that animated the fathers who planted the Cross on the 
shores of the Chesapeake, and reclaimed the wilderness to civilization. Their 
cares, their pleasures, their aims, their possessions, their provisions for their 
families, their deeds of valor, their petty disputes, their great endeavors — all stand 
out in the records of the courts, as the true and faithful indices of character and 
conditions ; for here the report and tradition were sifted by the rules of critical 
proof and legal evidence, and the record was made by unbiased scribes, before a 
scrutinizing Court, in the presence of adverse interests, zealous and watchful, to 
have the truth stated, and the truth only. 

4. The helpful, busy, worthy life of the settlers of Maryland, as seen through 
the telescope of judicial records, displays the colon}' as the energetic young proto- 
type of the " Mother Country " from which it sprang. Here was the court 
Pepowdry of the gi'eat cities of London and Liverpool ; here, the courts meet and 
baron that reflected the picturesque tribunals of the lordly barons of the Isle of 
Liberty ; here was the county court mirroring the busy courts nisi of York and 
DeYonshire ; here, the Provincial Court — the reflection of the high court of Chan- 
cery of England ; and, finally, the appeal to the Legislature, as the English suitor 
came, as the Court of last resort, to the House of Lords. 

5. Throughout every avenue of trade and custom this likeness to England is 
found. Here was my lord, Thomas Gerrard, of St. Clements Manor ; " my lady of 
the manor ;" the steward of the manor ; the seizin by rod ; the stocks ; the ducking- 



Province? (c) What was the Lieutenant General and the Commander of the Isle of Kent to try? 
(d) According to what usages and laws were these cases to be tried? (e) Name some of the Acts 
passed by the Assembly of 1640? 

Paragraph 3. What do the records of the Court display? 

Paragraph 4. (a) Of what was the life of the settlers the prototype? (b) In what way did 
this lilieness consist? (c) Name these Courts? 

Paragraph 5. (a) Where else is this likeness to England found? {bj Name some of these 
customs? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 21 

stool ; the whipping-post ; the Governor of the Province acting as the chief law- 
giver of the Commonwealth; the sovereign Lord Proprietary; "his highness the 
lord protector '" in his day, and our sovereign lord the king when he reigned ; the 
trial by jury ; tlie writs of right and arrest ; the Bible of the Englishman — found 
returned in almost every inventory ; the right to have and hold arms ; the untram- 
melled voice of the Free Man in assembly ; his right to levy his own taxes and to 
take part in making his own laws ; his duty to quiet his estate before death ; his 
jealousy of his reputation ; his fearlessness in battle ; his superiority over trials and 
environments ; his ability to adapt himself to every condition ; his respect for 
woman ; his love of the chase ; his desire to acquire property ; his love of God ; 
his veneration for law and love of order ; his penchant for trade and adventure ; his 
merrymakings ; his love of strong drink and hatred of drunkenness ; here, the efforts 
of Lord Baltimore to establish, in his lords of manors, a hereditary aristocracy ; 
here, the military spirit of the freemen ; here, their oaths, pardons, acts of 
oblivion, seditions, rebellions, and insurrections ; and the very names of the people, 
towns, rivers, counties, and the provinces itself, all reflect the land from which these 
sturdy settlers cjime. 

6. In one feature alone the Pnmnce of Mai-yland failed to follow the example 
of the mother-laud. The pilgrim fathers left behind them, on its shores, all spirit 
of intolerance and bigotry in religion, and, going to a new world, began a new era 
of citizenship in which was to be allowed the free worship of God, and which 
proved in time that the Catholic and the Churchman were, when tested, equally loyal 
to their country, however great was their difference in religious faith, and here 
Maryland gave invitatitm to the world to rear their altars in a land where unyielding 
law guaranteed to every one the unfettered right to worship God according to the 
dictates of his own conscience, none daring to molest or make him afraid. 

7. The records of the Courts have a distinguishing fact that shows a remarkable 
absence of crimes of violence. Leaving out the sea-fight, which was not a domestic 
crime, but rather a defence of the rights of the colony against intrusion, the offences 
against the person in the early days of the colony, from the year 1634 to 1647, were 
two homicides and one unprovoked battery. Both of the parties who were killed 
were Indians, and so jealous was the Court to allow no partiality to interfere with 
justice, a jury which doubted whether Pagans had the same standing in a Court as 
Christians, was promptly dismissed and a new trial ordered. 

8. The Courts were insistent in securing the same protection to the persons of 
Indians as they were to preserve the rights of the whites and in supporting the 
dignity of their tribunal. On February 13 th, 1643, it is recorded that, while the 



Paragbaph 6. (a) In what feature alone did the Province fail to follow the example of the 
mother-land? {b) What was guaranteed to every one? 

Paragrjiph 7. (a) What distinguishing faot do the records of the Court show? (6) What were 
tlie offences against the person from 16.'54 to 1647? (c) What proof did the Court give that it would 
allow no partiality to interfere with justice? 

Paragraph 8. (a) What were they insistent in securing? (6) Give an instance of their purpose 
to protect the Indians? 



/ 



22 A HISTOKY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

Court was " importunately pressing and charging the jury that were upon the trial 
of John Elkin, to proceed according to their evidence and conscience, and arguing 
and pleading the crime against the prisoner at the bar," " George Pye, in an insolent 
manner, upbraided and reproached the whole court, in these, or the like words, 
viz.: 'that if an Englishman had been killed by the Indians there would not have 
been half so much words made of it,' or tf) that effect, to the great contempt and 
scandal of the Court, and the ill example of otliers." On being ai-raigned ou his 
trial for this contempt of Court, Pye alleged that he did not speak the words 
charged, but Thomas Greene testifying that Pye did use the language alleged, Pye 
was fined one thousand pounds of tobacco. 



CHAPTER SEVENTH. 



THE SETTLEMENT OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



1. The settlement of Anne Arundel County was due to events as novel as a 
romancer's creations. The Protestant governor ruled in Virginia, a Catholic pro- 
prietary reigned in Maryland. The liberality, which professors of a similar faith 
might be reasonably expected to exhibit to each other, was sadly wanting in the 
Churchmen of Virginia towards their Puritan brethren, and, in the year 1648, the 
authorities of Virginia, discovering that the Congregational or Independent Church, 
formed in 1642, had, by the aid of secret meetings, notwithstanding the laws 
against it, increased to one hundred and eighteen members, began a rigorous 
execution of their penal statutes against the Puritans. Their conventicle was 
broken up, and the members of it were scattered in different directions. 

2. Near the close of the year 1648, the elder of the Independents, Mr. Durand, 
took refuge in Maryland. Negotiations for a settlement of the Independents very 
soon began, and the persecuted Puritans were offered an asylum in Maryland, 
provided they who would hold land, would take the oath of allegiance to Lord 
Baltimore. 

3. This oath the Puritans agreed to take. In 1649, a small company from 
Richard Bennett's plantation, at Nansemond, Va., in all about ten families arrived, 
and settled at Greenberry's Point. A tract of 250 acres was surveyed, and divided 
into ten acre lots, each settler receiving one, the balance being given to Bennett. 



Paragraph 1. (a) To what was the settlement of Anne Arundel due? (6) State these events? 

Paragraph 2. (a) In what year did the Puritans begin to negotiate for a settlement in Mary- 
land? (h) On what terms was land to be given them? (c) Did the Puritans agree to this? 

Paragraph 3. (a) In what year did Bennett's company arrive? (6) From whence did they 
come? (c) How many families were they? (d) Where did they settle? (e) What was the settle- 



A HISTORV OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 23 

The town was to have been here, because the lots were spoken as " The Town Land 
at Greenberry's Point." Subsequently lots were located on the present site of 
Annapolis. The only one that can be recognized at this date was that of Thomas 
Todd. The water front of his lot began at a point on the harbor line and ran up to 
the mouth of Spa Creek. 

4. The Puritans who formed this colony were, with few exceptions, the sturdy 
sons of the English yeomanry. Warrosquoyackeq County, or Isle Wight, afterward 
called Norfolk County, Va., lying south of the James, was the centre of the Puritan 
district, from whence the settlers of Providence came. Edward Bennett, a wealthy 
London merciiant, who had obtained in 1621, a large grailt of land on the Nansemond 
River, south of the James, when he came to Virginia, had brought with him a con- 
siderable number of Piu'itans. Edwaid Bennett was their patriarch, Eev. William 
Bennett, a relative, their spiritual leader, and Eichard Bennett, son of Edward, 
became the leader of the Virginia Puritans when they made their exodus from 
Virginia into Maryland. 

5. Descended from this hardy stock of sturdiest English, indoctrinated in the 
tenets of their austei-e faith, inheritors of trials and persecutions, their subsequent 
rebellious yet courageous conduct in Maryland was the natural sequence of their 
blood, religion and education. 

6. Soon after their arrival at Providence, Governor Stone urged upon the 
Puritans the oath of allegiance to Lord Baltimore, telling them unless they took it, 
"they must liave no land, nor abiding in the Province." 

7. The Puritans refused, haggling especially at the expressions in the oath, 
attributing to Lord Baltimore royal jurisdiction and " absolute dominion," which 
latter "they exceedingly scrupled." Tiiey also objected to the oath, they declared, 
because " they must swear to uphold that government and those officers who were 
sworn to countenance and uphold anti-Christ — in plain words expressed in the 
office's oath — the Roman Catholic religion." 

8. Lord Baltimore's friend, Mr. John Langford, very aptly replied to these 
objections that " there was nothing promised by my lord or Captain Stone to them, 
but what was performed. They were first acquainted by Captain Stone, before they 
came there with that oath of fidelity which was to be taken by those who would 
have any land there from his lordship ; nor had they any regret to the oath, till they 
were as much refreshed with their entertainment there, as the snake in the fable 
was with the countryman's breast ; for which some of them are equally thankful. 



ment called? (/) Where were lots subsequently located? (g) Whose is the only lot that can be 
recognized at this date? 

Paragraph 4. (a) Who were the Puritans that formed this colony? (b) From what county in 
Virginia had they come? (c) Who was their patriarch? Their spiritual guide? Their leader? 

Paragraph 5. (a) What was the natural sequence of their, blood, religion and education? 

Paragraph 6. (a) What did Governor Stone urge upon the Puritans? 

Paragraph 7. («) What did the Puritans refuse to do? Why? 

Paragraph 8. (a) What reply did Mr. John G. Langford make to this objection? 



24 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

But it is uow, it seems, thought by some of these people, too much below them to 
take an oath to the Lord Proprietary of that Province, though many Protestants, of 
much better quality, have taken it, and (which is more than can be hoped for some 
of these men), kept it. As to the government there, they knew it very well before 
they came thither ; and, if they had not liked it, they might have foreborue coming 
or staying there ; for they were never forced to either. The chief officers, under 
my lord there, are Protestants. The jurisdiction exercised there by them is no 
other than what is warranted by his lordship's patent of that Province, which gives 
him the power and privileges of a count palatine there, depending on the supreme 
authority of England, with power to make laws with the people's consent ; without 
which powers and privileges his lordship would not have undertaken the plantation, 
and have been at so great a charge, and run so many hazards he hath done for it." 
* * * "There are none sworn to uphold anti-Christ, as Mr. Strong falsely 
suggests ; nor doth the oath of fidelity bind any man to maintain any other juris- 
diction or dominion of my lord's, than what is granted by his patent. Though 
some of these people (it seems) think it unfit that my lord should have such a juris- 
diction and dominion there, yet they, it seems, by their arrogant and insolent pro- 
ceedings, think it fit for them to exercise far more absolute jurisdiction and dominion 
there than my Lord Baltimore ever did ; nor are they contented with freedom for 
themselves of conscience, person and estate (all of which are established to them by 
law there, and enjoyed by them in as ample a manner as ever any people did in any 
place in the world), unless they may have liberty to debarr others from the like 
freedom, and that they may domineer and do what they please." 

9. So obstinately did these people refuse to comply with the obligation they 
took to obtain an asylum in Maryland, they remained entirely outside the pale of 
Lord Baltimore's government, and obstructed the formation of a county for a year. 



CHAPTER EIGHTH. 



THE COURTS OF ANNE ARUNDEL ESTABLISHED. 



1. Providence by April, 1650, had recovered sufficiently from its scruples of 
conscience to elect delegates to the General Assembly that convened at St. Mary's 
on the 6th of that month. 



Pabagbaph 9. fa) How long did the Puritans remain outside of Lord Baltimore's government? 
Pabaciraph 1. [a) When did Providence elect delegates to the Legislature? 




PROF. M. BATES STEPHENS, 
Superintendent of Public Schools, in Maryland. 



A HISTORY OF .VXNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 2o 

2. The Goveruor's return from Providence was, " By the lieutenant, etc., of 
Maryhind. The freemen of that part of this" province of Maryland, now called 
Providence, being by my appointment duly summoned to this present assembly, did 
unanimously make choice of Mr. Puddiugton and Mr. James Cox, for their burgesses, 
I being there in person at the time." 

3. The reconciliation, effected by Governer Stone, promised to be permanent. 
The House chose Mr. James Cox of Providence, their speaker, and the Assembly 
passed the following : 

" An Act for the erecting of Providence into a county by the name of Auna- 
rundell County. 

" Be it enacted by the Lord Proprietary, by and with the assent and approbation 
of the Upper and Lower House of this Assembly, That, that part of the province 
of Maryland, on the west side of the Bay of Chesapeake, over against the Isle of 
Kent, formei'ly called by the name of Providence by the inhabitants there residing 
and inhabiting this year, shall henceforth be created into a shii-e, or county, by the 
name of Anuarundel county, and by that hereafter to be ever called." 

4. It was probably so called from the maiden name of Lady Baltimore then 
lately deceased. Lady Anne Arundel, the daughter of Lord Arundel, of Wardour, 
whom Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, iiad married. After the adjournment of the General 
Assembly, Governor Stone, in July, 1650, visited Providence, and organized it into 
a county, under the name of Anne Arundel. 

5. A commission was issued by the Governor to Mr. Edward Lloyd, gentleman, 
appointing him " to be commander of Anne Arundel County, until the Lord Pro- 
prietary should signify to the contrary." James Homewood, Thomas Meai-es, 
Thomas Marsh, George Puddington, Matthew Hawkins, James Merryman and 
Henry Carlyn were, with Commander Lloyd, appointed commissioners of the county. 

6. The commission of Commander Lloyd gave him, with the approval of tlie 
other commissioners, the rigiit to issue " warrants and commissions, and for all 
other matters of judicature, with whom (the commissioners), you, Commander Lloyd, 
are to consult in all mattei's of importance concerning your said county." 

7. This commission was signed by Governor Stone at Providence, July 30, 
1650. 

8. On July 29th, Governor Stone had given a commission to the Commander 
of Anne Arundel, authorizing him "to grant warrants for land within the said 



Paragraph 2. (a) What was the Governor's return from Providence? 

Paragraph 3. (a) How did the reconciliation promise to be? (6) Whom did the House choose 
for Speaker? (c) What Act did this Assembly pass? (d) Of what part of the Province was Ann 
Arundell County composed? 

Paragraph 4. (a) Why was the county called Ann Arundell? (6) When did Governor Stone 
organize the county? 

Paragraph 5. (a) To whom was a commission issued by the Governor? (b) Who were 
appointed commissioners of the county? 

Paragraph 6. (a) What right did the commission of Commander Lloyd give him? 

Paragraph 7. (a) What was the date of the Commission? 

Paragraph 8. (a) What commission had been given Commander Lloyd on July 29, 1650? 



26 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

county to adventurers or planters, according to his lordship's conditions of planta- 
tion, whereupon such land shall happen to be due to such adventurers or planters 
respectively." "The warrants, together with the particular demands or assignment 
upon which the same shall be granted, to be entered upon record by his lordship's 
secretary of the said province." 

9. Though the political storm had calmed, all was not well in the infant colony. 
The Indian was still a near neighbor, and though generally peaceable, his savage 
nature had displayed itself in the murder of some of the citizens of tlie new county 
in a most ciuel and inhuman manner. 

10. These murderers were supposed to be Susquehannocks, a powerful and 
war-like tribe, who inhabited all that section which extends from the Patuxent to the 
Susquehanna River on the Western Shore, and all that part that lies between the 
Choptank and Susquehanna Rivers on the Eastern side of the Bay. The General 
Assembly of 1650, passed an Act to punish the murderers and their abettors. 



CHAPTER NINTH. 

THE PURITANS REFUSE TO SEND DELEGATES TO THE LEGISLATURE 
OF 1651. 



1. The Puritans who settled at Annapolis were a restless set with itching ears ; 
who seemed never so satisfied, as when they were in open opposition to the powers 
that were. . 

2. The General Assembly of 1650 had modified the oath of allegiance to Lord 
Baltimore, carefully expunging the objectionable phrases " absolute lord " and 
"royal jurisdiction." In their places was inserted "that they would defend and 
maintain all such of his lordship's just and lawful right, title, interest, privileges, 
jurisdictions, prerogatives, propriety and dominion over and in the said Province, 
<tc., not anywise understood to infringe or prejudice liberty of conscience in point 
of religion." 

3. This, for a time, tranquilized the settlers at Providence, but the next year, 
1651, when they were called upon to send delegates to the General Assembh', they 
peremptorily refused. 



Paragraph 9. (a) How did the Indian display his savage nature at this period? 
Paragraph 10. (a) By what Indians were these murders supposed to have been committed? 
(b) What section did the Susquehannochs inliabit? 

Paragraph 1. (a) What was the character of the Puritans who settled at Annapolis? 
Paragbhph 2. (a) How had the General Assembly modified the oath? 
Paragraph 3. (a) What effect had this upon the settlers? 



A HISTORY OF AXNE .\RUNDEL COUNTY. 27 

4. The reason for this refusal has not been preserved, but it is generally 
thought it was because the Puritans believed that the proprietary government would 
be overthrown by Cromwell who was steadily advancing to power in England. 

5. Lord Baltimore heai"d of the conduct of the Puritans with indignation. 
Under date of August 20, 1651, he wrote to " William Stone, Esq., his lieutenant 
of his said Province of Maryland, and to his right trusty and well beloved, teh 
Upper and Lower Houses of the General Assembly there, and to all other of his 
officers and inhaliitants of his Province," expressing his " wonder at a message 
which he understood was lately sent by one Mr. Lloyd, from some lately seated at 
Aune Arundel within his said Province of Maryland to his General Assembly, held 
in St. Mary's in March last, and his unwillingness to impute either to the author or 
deliver thereof so malign a sense of ingratitude and other ill aflections as it may 
seem to bear ; conceiving rather, that it proceeded from some apprehensions in 
them at the time, grounded upon some reports in these parts of a dissolution or 
resignation here (in England) of his patent and right to that Province." After 
declaring these rumors to be false, and referring the Puritans to Mr. Harrison, their 
former pastor, who was then in England, for the truth of these assertions, Lord 
Baltimore added, " in consideration of a better compliance from these people with 
his government there for tlie future, he should not any further expostulate, or make 
any further reflection on that message, till further occasion given him by them, and if 
such admonition did not prevail then, that he would make use of his authority, with 
the assistance of well affected persons, to compel such factions and turbulent spirits 
to a better compliance with the lawful government there." He accordingly willed 
and required " his lieutenant to proceed with all such as shall be for the future 
refractory on that kind ; and in case any of the English inhabitants of that 
Province should, at any time hereafter, refuse or neglect to send burgesses to our 
General Assembly, there being lawfully summoned for that purpose, he wills and 
requires all the members of the said Assembly, which shall lawfully meet upon 
such summons to proceed, as they ought, as they may lawfully do, in all business 
belonging to the General Assembly there, notwithstanding any such refusal or 
neglect as aforesaid, and to fine all such refusers or neglectors according to their 
demerits ; and, moreover, in case of their persistency in such refusal or neglect, 
then, that they be declared enemies to the public peace of the Province, and rebels 
to the lawful government thereof, and be proceeded against accordingly." 

6. The conduct of these Puritans was especially ungrateful, since, received by 
Lord Baltimore, when professors of the Protestant religion had refused them 
domicil, their asylum in Maryland had cost Lord Baltimore the enmity of Charles 



PABAGK.4.PH i. (a) What is generally thought to be the reason why the Puritans refused to 
take the oath of allegiance? 

Paragraph 5. (a) How was Lord Baltimore affected by the conduct of the Puritans? (6) What 
did he will and require of his lieutenant? 

Paragraph 6. (a) What was the character of the conduct of the Puritans? (b) What had 
Lord Baltimore's tolerance of them cost liim? (c) What did the exiled King do in consequenca 
of his enmity? 



28 A HtSTOIlY OF ANXE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 

II, then ill exile, upon the coutiiieut. So great was tlie displeasure of the young 
king, that Lord Baltimore had given the Puritans a settlement in Maryland, that 
he, the natural friend of the proprietary, in spite of Lord Baltimore's undoubted 
right to name his lieutenant in the Province, appointed Sir William Davenant, 
Governor of Maryland, alleging in the commission that Davenant was so appointed 
" because the Lord Baltimore did visibly adhere to the rebels in England, and 
admitted all kinds of secretaries and schismatics, and ill-affected persons in that 
Province." 



CHAPTER TENTH. 



THE FIRST SETTLERS OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



1. From the rent rolls of Lord Baltimore, the names of the first settlers of 
Anne Arundel County, who secured grants of hind, are obtained. The first name 
on the roll was for land on Herring Creek Hundred, 600 acres, surveyed for William 
Ayres. Captain Edward Carter, on October 23, 1651, made a survey near Herring 
Creek Bay, of six hundred acres. Others who obtained land in this hundred between 
the yeai's 1651 and 1663, were : In 1651, Richard Bennett, William Parker, William 
Ayers, Edward Selby ; in 1653, William Parrott ; in 1659, Eichard Gott, William 
Paget, Anthony Galloway, Richard Wells ; in 1661, Chi-istopher Birckhead ; in 
1662, George Pascall ; in 1663, Stephen Benson, Richard Wells, William Crosby, 
John Burrage, Robt. Paca, Thos. Ford, William Hunt, Fran. Holland, William 
Huntoii, Armiger Greenwood, Jos. Morely, Nathan Smith, Saml. Chew, Thos. Pratt, 
Christopher Birckhead, John Wilson, Ferdinando Battee and Andrew Skinner. 
These settlements were all on, or near, Herring Creek Bay. 

2. The land grants on West River Hundred, were from 1651 to 1663 : — 
In 1651, to Robt. Harwood ; in 1652, to Hugh Drew, Thomas Sparrow, John Bi-own, 
Christopher Rowles, John Mosely, John Clark, Bartho. Herring ; in 1659, to James 
Bonner, John Shaw, Thos. Parsons, John Cumber, Thos. Ford ; in 1661, to Thos. 
Hooker, Thomas Taylor; in 1662, to Richard Talbott, Richard Galloway, Thos. 
Mules, Edward Parrish, Geo. Shipworth ; in 1663, to Richard Ewen, John Watkins, 
Thos. Parsons, Thos. Pratt, John Baldwin. These grants were in the neighborhood 
of West and " Road " Rivers. 



Paragkaph 1. (a) From what are the names of the first settlers of Anne Arundel obtained? 
(b) What section is named first on the list of land grants? (c) Whose was the first survey? In 
what year? (d) Name some wlio obtained other grants? 

Pakaoraph 2. (a) When was West River Hundred settled? (h) To whom was the first grant 
made? In what year? (c) Name some of the other settlers who had grants of land? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 2'J 

3. South Eiver Hundred. These were the grants of land made in the South 
River Hundred between the years 1650 and 1663 : The first was January 6, 1650, 
to Richard Beard, 200 acres on the south side of South River. The next grant was 
to George Puddington, 300 acres, and 200 acres to John Edwards. In 1651, to 
William Burges, Milton Mansfield, Thos. Howell ; in 1652, to Ettis Brown, Edward 
Selby, William Pytlier, Patrick Gossinuon, Jerome Hasling ; in 1658, to Edward Cox, 
John Collier, Thomas Benson, George Wastill ; in 1659, to John Freeman, Marion 
Duvall, Arch. Arbuckle, Richard Cheney, John Brewery to Edwin Townhill, 
Adam Delapp, William Pennington, Richard Cheyney, William Galloway, Toliias 
Butler ; in 1661, to Richard Beard, John Freeman, Ann Corell, George Nettleford, 
George Walker, John Larkins ; in 1662, to Dennis Macconough, Robert Love, 
Richard Wiggins ; in 1663, to Nicholas Gassaway, John Gray, Jerome White, Esq., 
Robert Proctor. These grants were land chiefly on either side of South River. 

4. Middle Neck Hundred. These grants included land near South River and 
on the south side of Severn River. The first gi-ant was 600 acres on June 21, 1650, 
to Zephamiah Smith, and was located near South Eiver. The next survey was "on 
ye soutii side of Severn River," of 650 acres, made on July 3, 1650, for Mathew 
Howard. Other grants in Middle Neck Hundred were : Li 1650, to William 
Crouch, 150 acres on south side of Severn, and to George Saughier ; in 1651, July 
3, to Thomas Todd, and says the rent roll book, " on ye south side of Sevei-n River." 
This is part of Annapolis Town, and " part the Libertys begins at ye north east point 
of the Town, and extends along the river to ye first creek to ye west and then 
back lines to ye beginning." The survey contained 100 acres ; in 1651, to James 
Horner, Zephamiah Smith, Nicholas Wj'at, Richard Acton, Peter Porter, Christoplier 
Oatly, Thomas Howell, James Warner; in 1()52, to William Harnesse, on the north 
side of Soutli River; in 1658, to Thomas Gates, John Norwood ; in 1659, to William 
Galloway, Tobias Butler, Thomas Brown, John Collier ; in 1661, to John l^aldwin, 
Samuel Whitiers, Lawrence Richardson, Edward Hope, James Warner and Henry 
Ridgely ; in 1662, to Nicholas Wyat, Cornelius Howard, Samuel Howard, John 
Howar:!, Charles Stephens, Walter Smith, John Edwards ; iu 1663, to Jacob Brem- 
ington, William Frizell, Patrick Dunkin, Ralph Salmon, John James, Henry Sewell, 
Thos. Underwood, Edward, Joshua and John'^Dorsey, Richard Moss. In no par- 
ticular Hundred, in 1650, Edward Hugh was granted 170 acres. 

5. Broad and Town Neck Hundred was located between Severn and Magothy 
Rivers. On June 15, 1650, a grant of land was made to Robert Burle, 450 acres, 
on ye no. side of Chesapeake Bay ; Abraham Holman also had a grant this year; 
in 1651, to John Covell, Ralph and AVm. Hawkins ; in 1652, to Richard Ewen, 600 
acres near Fishing Creek, on ye Bay side, with title above ye no. point of Severn 



Pabagbaph 3. (a) When were the earliest grants of land made in the South Kiver Hundred? 
(/)) To whom was the first grant made? (c) Name others who had grants in this Hundred? 

Pab.\gkapH'4. (a) What land did grants in Middle Neck Hundred iiieliuli' i/<i To whom was 
the first grant made? In what year? (<■) Name others who had grants in .MiiMI.' N'cM-k Hundred? 

Parahkaph 5. («) Where was Broad and Town Neck Hundred located' (/<i To \> liom wa.s the 
first grant of land made? In what year? (e) Name others who had grants of land in this Hundred? 



;!() A HISTOIiY OF ANNE AEUNDEL COUNTY. 

liiver; also, to Riclianl Young and James Homewood ; in 1659, to John Hawkins, 
Philip Harwood, James Eigby, William Fuller, Elizabeth Strong and Matt. Clark ; 
in 1658, to Nathaniel Utie ; in 1661, to William Cronch ; in 1662, to Henry Wool- 
church, William Hopkins, William Pyther, Richard Deaner, Thomas Underwood, 
Alice Durand, Robert Taylor, Absalom Dawson, William Stayd, Thomas Turner, 
Robert Lusby ; in 1663,' to Matt. Howard, Edward Skidmore, Robert Tyler, 
Abraham Dawson, Sarah Marsh, John Aiken, John Green, John Homewood and 
Emanuel Drew. 



CHAPTER ELEVENTH. 



THE ANIMOSITIES OF THE OLD WORLD TRANSPLANTED IN THE NEW. 



1. In 1619, when Charles I was executed, Thomas Greene, who was acting 
Governor during the absence of Governor Stone, caused the Prince of Wales to be 
proclaimed in Maryland as the "undoubted, rightful heir to all his father'.s 
dominions." This pi-ocliimation was issued on the 15th of November, and, on the 
same day, another was published " to further the common rejoicing of the inhabi- 
tants on that occasion," declaring a general pardon to all the inhabitants of the 
Province, who had committed any criminal offense. 

2. This proclamation and the general rejoicing were not in consonance with the 
sentiments of the Puritan adventurers on the banks of the Severn, and this latent 
feeling was exhibited in their refusal to send delegates to the General Assembly, 
and, a little later, a more forcible proof of their political animosities was given. 

3. The cause of the commonwealth triumphant in England, Cromwell turned 
his attention to the American plantations, and commissionei-s were sent out to take 
possession to all that were unfavorable to the Protector. Maryland was not named 
in the Act of Parliament ; but Lord Baltimore's enemies contrived to have that 
colony mentioned in the instructions to the commissioners. 

i. Richard Rennett and the rebellious William Clayborne, who had given so 
much trouble to the infant colony of Maryland, were two of the commissioners. 



Paeagkaph 1. (o) What did Governor Greene proclaim upon the execution of Charles the 
FlrstV (/>) What further proclamation did Governor Greene make? 

Paragraph 2. (u) Was this proclamation and general rejoiciug in consonance with the feelings 
of the Puritans of the Severn? 

Paragraph 3. (a) What action did Cromwell take for Maryland? [h) Had Mfuyhuul been first 
named in the Act of Parliament? (c) Who contrived to have it inserted? 

Paragraph 4. Who were these Commissioners? 



A HIiSTORY OF iNSE AKUM3EL COUNTY. 31 

5. In March, 1652, at the head of an armed foi'ce, the commissioners entered 
Maryland. They proposed to Governor Stone and the council of the Province, 
" that they should all remain in their places, conforming themselves to the laws of 
the commonwealth of England in point of government only, and not infringing the 
Lord Baltimore's just rights." Governor Stone and the balance of Lord Balti- 
more's officers of government " declared that they did, in all humility, submit them- 
selves to the government of the commonwealth of England, in chiefe under God.'' 

6. From the proposition, however, to issue writs in the name of the common- 
wealth, instead of Lord Baltimore's, Governor Stone and his counsellors " desired 
to be excused, because they did not conceive the parliament intended not to divest 
the Lord Baltimore of his right in his Province, and that they understood out of 
England, that the Council of State intended not, that any alteration should be 
made in Maryland ; that the King's name was never used, heretofore, in said writs, 
but that they had always been in tlie name of the Lord Proprietary, according to 
the privileges of his patent ever since the beginning of that plantation." 

7. " Whereupon," says Mr. John Langford, "the said commissioners demanded 
of Captain Stone the Lord Baltimore commission to him ; which he showed them ; 
and, tlien, witiiout any other cause at all, they detained it, and removed him and his 
lordship's other officers out of their employment in the province under him, and 
apjjointed others to manage the government of Maryland, independent of his 
lordship." 

8. Bennett and Clayborne ordered, " that all writs, warrants, and process what- 
soever, be issued forth in the name of the keepers of the liberty of England ; and 
tiiat tiipy he signed under the hand of one or more of the council hereafter named, 
viz : Robert Brooke, Esq., Col. Francis Yardley, Mr. Job Chandler, Captain Edward 
Windham, Mr. Piiciiard Preston, and Lieutenant Richard Banks." 

9. The new council, or any two or more of its members, was empowered to 
hold coui-ts, and to direct and govern the aflfairs of the province. 

10. Thus the disaster that Lord Baltimore, by his personal intercession with 
Parliament, had been able to ward off in the legislative branch, was consummated 
by his enemies through the executive power of the Council of State. 

11. Maryland reduced to subjection, the commissioners returned to Virginia, 
wliere Bennett was made Governor, and Clayborne, Secretary of State. 

Paragraph 5. (a) When did the Commissioners enter Maryland? (6) At the head of what 
did they come? (<•) What did they propose to Governor Stone and the Council? (d) What did 
Governor Stone declare he would do? 

Paragraph 6. (a) From what did Governor Stone ask to be excused? 

Paragraph 7. (a) Upon this what did the Commissioners demand of Governor Stone? (6) 
What did the Commissioners do with this commission? (c) Whom did they remove from ofSee and 
appoint in their stead? 

Paragraphs, ^a) How did Bennett and Clayborne order the writs to be issued? (/)) By 
whom were these to be signed? (c) Who composed this Council? 

Paragraph 9. |o) What was the Council empowered to do? 

Paragraph 10. (a) How had this disaster to Lord Baltimore been consummated? 

Paragraph 11. (a) After reducing Maryland to what place did the Commissioners return? 



82 A HISTOliV OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 

12. Handsomely provided for in Virginia, the commisgiouers visited Maryland 
to rivet more firmly their hold upon it Discovering that Gov. Stone was exceed- 
ingly popular with the peojjle, as well as aifable to the commissioners, Bennett and 
Clayborne resolved to make him Governor once more. In order to justify their 
actions in ousting him at their previous visit, they declared, in their proclamation 
restoring Governor Stone to his office, and Mr. Hatton as Secretary of State, 
that these were left out of office " upon some misapprehension or misunder- 
standing, as they alleged, in that particular of issuing out writs and all othei' pro- 
cess whatever, in the name of the liberties of England by authority of parliament," 
that Captain Stone was " contented to resume his former place," on condition that 
he might "reserve and save to himself, as also to the aforesaid Mr. Thomas Hatton, 
Robert Brooke, Esq., and Captain John Price, their oaths made to the Lord Balti- 
more, Lord Proprietor of this Province, until the pleasure of the State of England 
be further known." The proclamation bore date of June 28th, 1652. 



CHAPTER TWELFTH. 



PROVIDENCE SENDS A PETITION TO THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE 
COMMONWEALTH. 



1. Whilst Maryland was made a shuttle-cock in the hands of opposing forces, 
the Puritans of Severn addressed a petition : 

" To Honorable Eichard Bennett and Col. William Clayborne, Esqrs., Com- 
missioners of the Commonwealth of England for Virginia and Maryland." It was 
styled : " The Humble Petition of the Commissioners and Inhabitants of Sev- 
erne, alias, Anne Arundel county, sheweth." It read : "That whereas, we were 
invited and encouraged by Captain Stone, the Lord Baltimore's Governor of Mary- 
laud, to remove ourselves and estates into his province, with promise of enjoying 
the liberty of consciences in matter of religion, and all other privileges of English 
subjects. And your petitioners did, upon this ground, with great cost, labor and 
danger remove ourselves, and have been at great charges in building and clearing. 
Now the Lord Baltimore imposeth an oath upon us by proclamation, which he 
requireth his Lieutenant forthwith to publish ; which, if we do not take within 
three months after publication, all our lands are to be seized for his loi'dship's use. 



Paragraph 12. (a) Who returned to Maryland? (6) What did they discover? (c) What did 
the Con)mi.ssioners resolve to do? (d) How did they justify this action? (e) What was the date of 
the proclamation re.storing Governor Stone to the office of Governor? 

Paragraph 1. (a) Who addressed a petition to Bennett and Clayborne? (6) What did the 
petition say had been promised the petitioners? {c^ What did the petitioners state they had done at 



A HISTORY OF ANNE AEUNDEL COUNTY. 33 

This oath we conceive not agreeable to the terms on which we came hither, nor to 
the liberty of our consciences as Christians and free subjects of the Commonwealth 
of England ; Neither can we be persuaded in our consciences by any light of God, 
or engagement upon us, to such an oath ; but rather humbly conceive it to be a very 
real grievance and such an oppression as we are not able to bear ; Neither do we 
see by what lawful power such an oath, with such extreme penalties, can by his 
Lordship be exacted of us who are free subjects of the Commonwealth of England ; 
and have taken the engagement to them. We have complained of this grievance to 
the late Honorable Council of State, in a petition subscribed by us, which never 
received an answer, such as might clear the lawfulness of such, his proceedings 
with us, but an aspersion cast upon us of being factious fellows ; neither have we 
received any conviction of our error in not taking the said oath, nor order by that 
])ower, before whom, our petition is still pending, to take it hereafter ; neither can 
we believe that the Commonwealth of England will ever expose us to such a mani- 
fest and real bondage (who assert themselves, the maintainers of the lawful liberties 
oi the subject) as to make us swear absolute subjection to a Govei-ument, where the 
Ministers of State are bound by oath to countenance and defend the Roman Popish 
lleligion, which we apprehend to be contrary to the Fundamental Law of England, 
the covenant taken in the three Kingdoms, and the conscience of true English sub- 
jects, and doth carry on an arbitrary power, so as whatever is done by the ]>eople 
at great costs in assemblies, for the good of the people, is liable to be made null 
by the negative voice of his Lordship. But affirmative propositions and commands 
are incessantly urged, and must not be denied. 

2. "In Consideration, whereof, we humbly tender our condition and Distraction, 
upon this occasion, falling upon the heaits of the people, to your view and con- 
sideration, intreating your honors to relieve us according to the Cause and Power 
wherewith you are entrusted by the Commonwealth of England. We rather, 
because, upon such an exigent as this, we have none to Hie to but yourselves, the 
Honorable Commissioners of the -Commonwealth of England; not doubting but 
God will direct you into what his mind and will is in this matter concerning us, 
and tliat you will faithfully apply yourselves to our redress in what is just and our 
lawful liberty, which is the prayer of your poor petitioners. Severn River, the 3d 
of Januarj-, 1653." 

3. This petition was signed by Edward Lloyd and seventy-seven others of 
the housekeepers, freemen and inhabitants of Severn. 

i. The people of North Patuxent sent a similar petition under date of March 



(jreat cost? (d) What did the petitioners say was imposed on them? (e) What would be the result 
if the oath was not taken? (/) What did the Puritans allege that the oath was not agreeable to? 
if/) What did the petitioners allege the Ministers of State were bound by oath to defend? 

Pabagkaph -2. (a) Of what did the petitioners entreat their honors to relieve them? (h) What 
was the date of this petition? 

Pabagbaph 3. (a) Who signed the petition? 

Pabagkaph 4. (a) Who else sent a similar petition? {b) Who signed this petition? (oi What 



34 A niSTOKY UF ANNE AliUNDEL COUNTY. 

1st, 1653. This was signed by Kichard Preston and sixty others. On March 12, 
1653, Bennett and Clayborne returned an encouraging answer to the petitioners 
of Severn and Patuxent, in which reply they counselled that the settlers " continue 
in your due obedience to the Commonwealth of England, in such manner as you, 
and they, were then appointed and engaged ; and not to be drawn aside from the 
same upon any pretence of such uncertain relations as we hear are divulged among 
you. To which we expect your real conformity, as you will answer the contrary ; 
notwithstanding any pretence of power from Lord Baltimore's Agents, or any other 
whatsover to the contrary." 



CHAPTER THIRTEENTH. 



CROMWELL'S COMMISSIONERS REDUCE MARYLAND, 



1. Information of Cromwell's elevation to the protectorate having been received, 
Govei-nor Stone proclaimed him Protector on the sixth of June, 1654. The same 
year, on the fourth of July, Governor Stone, in public proclamation, charged the 
commissioners, Bennett and Clayborne, and the whole Puritan party, mostly of 
Anne Arundel, with drawing away the people, and leading them into faction, sedi- 
tion and rebellion against the Lord Baltimore. 

2. This proclamation is not now extant, V)ut Mr. Leonard Strong, a Puritan 
writer, and a leading citizen of Providence, contemporaneous with the document, 
says that the paper called "tliat which was done by commission from the Coiiucil 
of State in England, rebellion against the Lord Baltimore, and those that were 
actors in its factious and seditious persons, which was done by a proclamation full 
of railing terms, published at Providence in the church meeting." 

3. Bennett and Clayborne promptly returned to Maryland. Eleven days from 
the date of Governor Stone's proclamation, "they applied themselves to Capt. 
William Stone, the Governor and Council of Maryland," "in a peaceable and loving 
way to persuade them into their due and promised obedience to the commonwealth 
of England." 



answer did Bennett and Clayborne return to this petition? (d) What did Bennett and Clayborne 
counsel the petitioners to do ? 

Pabagraph 1. (n) What proclamation did Governor Stone malie on receiving information of 
Cromwell's elevation? (6) What proclamation did the Governor malie in relation to Bennett and 
Clayborne? 

Paragraph 2. (a) What did Mr. Leonard Strong say of this proclamation? 

Paragkaph 3. ((() Upon the issuing of the Governor's proclamation, how did Bennett and 
Clayborne act? 



A niSTOBY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 35 

4. The commissiouers, in their puWished statemeut of the occurrence, dechued 
that Governor and Council, "returning only opprobious and uncivil language, pres- 
ently mustered his whole force of men and soldiers in arms, intending to surprise 
the said commissioners, and to destroy all those that had refused the same unlawful 
oath, and only kept themselves in their due ol)edience to the commonwealth of 
England under which they were reduced and settled by the parliament's authority 
and commission. Then the said commissioners, in quiet and peaceable manner, 
with some of the people of Patusent and .Severn went over the Kiver of Patuxent, 
and there, at length, received a message from the said Capt. Stone, that the next day 
he would meet and treat in the woods ; and, thereupon, being in some fear of a party 
come from Virginia, he condescended to lay down his power, lately assumed from 
the Lord Baltimore and to submit to such government as the commissioners should 
appoint under his highness the lord protector." 

5. Frecpient and violent clianges in the government of the province had their 
legitimate sequence final]}- in a recourse to arms. 

6. On the last reducement of the Maryland government by Bennett and Clay- 
borne, July loth, 1654, they had appointed Capt. William Fuller, Mr. Kichard 
Preston, Mr. A\'illiam Durand, Mr. Edward Lloyd, Captain John Smith, Mr. Leonard 
Strong, John Lawson, Mr. John Hatch, Mr. Richard Wells and Mr. Richard Ewen, 
or any four of them, whereof Captain William Fuller, Mr. Richard Preston, or Mr. 
William Durand were to be always oiie, to be commissioners, for the well ordering, 
directing and governing of the affairs of Maryland, under his highness, the Lord Pro- 
tector of England, Scotland, Ireland and the dominions thereof, and in his name 
only,'and no other. The coniinission gave authority to hold courts, to summon an 
assembly, and prohibited Roman C'athoiics from voting. 

7. The names and the spirit of the commission bear evidence that the majority 
of the commissioners were Puritans of Providence and its adjacent settlements. 

8. Captain Fuller and his associates summoned a Legislature, and it began its 
sessions at Patuxent, October ^Otli, 1()54; the Assembly sitting as one House. 
The most remarkable law (if this Legislature was the one that "enacted and declared 
that none who profess and exercise the Popish (commonly called the Roman 
Catholic) religion can be protected in this province by the laws of England, formerly 
established and yet unrepealed." 

9. Never had the fable of the, camel, who asked to put his nose in the Arab's 
tent, and who finally turned the owner out, been more completely realized than it 



Paragraph 4. (a) What did the Commissioners say that the Governor and Council did? (b) 
Wliat did Governor Stone agree to? 

Paraobaph 6. (a) On their last redueemi'ot of Maryland, wliat appointments did Bennett and 
Clay borne make? 

Paragraph 7. (a) What evidence do the names and spirit of the commission bear evidence? 

Paraobaph 8 (n) What did Captain Fuller and his associates summon? (6) What was the 
most remarkable law of this Legislature? 

Paraobaph 0. (a) What stringent laws were passed by this As.sembly? 



36 A HISTOHY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

was with the Puritans aud Catholics of Maiylaud. Stringent laws were passed by 
the same Assembly against drunkenness, swearing, false reports, slandering, tale- 
bearing, violations of the Sabbath, and acts of adultery and fornication. 

10. An Act was also passed changing the name of Anne Arundel County to the 
County of Providence, and prescribing the bounds thereof to be Herring Creek, 
including all the plantations and lands unto the bounds of Patuxent County (sup- 
posed to be the present Calvert), that is, to a creek called " Mr. Maishe's Creek, 
otherwise called Oyster Creek." 

11. All was peace in the Province until January, 1655, when the ship Golden 
Fortune, Captain Tillman, arrived in Maryland. On it came a gentleman named 
Eltonhead, who brought the information " that the Lord Baltimore kept his patent 
and that his Highness (the Lord Protector) had neither taken the Lorcl Baltimore's 
patent from him nor his land." 

12. By the same ship, it appears, came a letter from Lord Baltimore upbraiding 
(Governor Stone for resigning his government unto the hands of the commissioners 
of the Lord Protector and commonwealth of England, without striking a blow. 

13. Governor Stone needed no more encouragement to act. He re-assumed the 
duties of Governor under his former commission, and determined to make a 
manly struggle to obtain possession of the government of the province. He pro- 
ceeded immediately to issue military commissions to officers, and to organize an 
armed force in the loyal couuty of St. Mary's. 

14. Which of the two sides, Lord Baltimore's or the Commissioners', Cromwell 
sustained, is difficult to tell, in view of two letters on the subject, one written January 
12th, 1655, and the other September 26th, which are palpable contradictions of each 
other. This conflict of rights had gone so far, war, and not words, could only 
decide it. 

15. The overt act was committed by Governor Stone who despatched Mr. John 
Hammond to recover the records of the province and to seize a magazine of arms 
and ammunition gathered at Mr. Bichard Preston's house at Patuxent, and belonging 
to the Puritans. 

16. Mr. Hammond says : "I went unarmed amongst the sons of thunder, only 
three or four to row me, and despite all their braves of raising the country, calling 
in his servants to apprehend me, threatened me with the severity of their new made 
law, myself alone seized, and carried away the records in defiance." 



PAE.WSBAPH 10. (a) What uame was given to Anne Arundel county? 

Pakaoeaph 11. (a) What disturbed the peace of the Province? 

Pakaobaph 12. (o) For what did Lord Baltimore upbraid Governor Stone? 

Pakaobaph 13. (a) What did Governor Stone re-assume? 

Pauaoraph 14. (a) Which side did Cromwell sustain? 

Paeagbaph 15. (a) What overt act was committed by Governor Stone? 

Paraoeaph 16. (o) What did Mr. Hammond say of this event? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNIY. 37 



CHAPTER FOURTEENTH. 



THE BATTLE OF THE SEVERN. 



1. About the '20th of March, 1655, Governor Stone started from St. .Mary's to 
bring the unruly Puritans of Providence into subjection to Lord Baltimore's gov- 
ernment. The forces of the Governor consisted of one hundred and thirty men. 
Part of these marched by land up the southern peninsula, and were ferried across 
the mouths of rivers and creeks in eleven or twelve small boats which the Governor 
had pressed into his service. Advised of the advance of the St Mary's forces, the 
Puritans sent messengers to meet the Governor, whom they found at Herring Bay, 
ill Anne Arundel county. No satisfactory answer being received, the Puritans sent 
another message, of which they declared " that those that sent it, were grieved at 
their hearts that ever it went out of their hands." This message recited that having 
considered " the present transaction on your part, and have not a little maiwelled 
that no other answer of the last message hath been made, than what tendered rather 
to- make men desperate than conformable ; yet, being desirous of peace, do once 
again present, to your serious consideration, these ensuing proposals." These pro- 
posals were : "If you will govern us so as we may enjoy the liberty of English 
subjects ; and that we be, and remain indemnified in respect of our engagement, and 
all former acts relating to the reducement and government ; that those who are 
minded to depart, the Province, may freely do it without any prejudice to them- 
selves or estate ; we are content to own yourself as Governor and submit to your 
government. If not, we are resolved to commit ourselves into the hands of God, 
and rather die like men, than be made salves." No answer was returned to the 
proposals; but, the Puritans declare, that the "paper in scorn" was sent back to 
them. The proposals of peace were not onlj' rejected, but the messengers wei'e 
seized. Three escaped and carried the news of the treatment of embassay back to 
Providence. 

2. On the appearance of Governor Stone and his fleet at the mouth of the 
Severn, Captain Fuller, commander of the Puritans, called his counsellers together, 
and sent his secretary, Mr. William Durand, and another of his counsellors, on 
l)oard the merchant ship Golden Lyon, Rogers Heamans, captain, then lying in the 
harbor. There they made a requisition upon the captain for the services of him- 
self, his ship and his crew in defence of the town. Durand, at the same time. 



Paraokaph 1. (a) What did Governor Stone start upon in March, 1655? (6) Of what did this 
force consist? (c) In what manner did these march? (d) How did the Puritans act on the approach 
of the St. Mary's forces? 

Pakaoraph 2. (a) How did Captain Fuller act on the appearance of Governor Stone's fleet? 
(h) TTpon wliom did he make requisition for help? (c) What did Heamans manifest at first? (d) 
Wliat liid Heamans offer? 



38 A IIISTOI'.Y OF ANNE AliUNDEL COUNTY. 

posted Oil tilt! luaiiiiiiast a piorlamatioii l>y which Heamaus "was retjuired in the 
name of the Protector and Couiinonwealth of Enghmd, and for the maintenance of 
the just liberties, lives and estates of the free subject thereof, against an unjust 
power, to be aiding and assisting in this service." Heamans manifested a real or 
fictitious unwillingness to take part in the engagement, but says, after seeing the 
equity of the cause, and the groundless proceedings of the enemy, he offered him- 
self, ship and men, for the service, to be directed by the same counsellors. Dr. 
Barber, a jjartizan of Governor Stone, says, Heamans was liired by the Puritans to 
take the part he afterward played. 

3. Heamans relates that, on seeing the " company of sloops and boats making 
towards the shi]3, the council on board, and the ship's company would have made 
shot at them, but this relator commanded Ihem to forbear, and went himself uiDon 
the poop in the stern of the ship, and hailed them several times, and no answer 
was made He then charged them not to come nearer the ship, but the enemy 
kept rowing on their way and were come within shot of the ship ; his mates and 
c(iiij])aiiy Jiaving had information of their threatenings, as well against the ship as 
tlif pool- distressed people, resolved to fii-e upon them without their commander's 
consent, ratlier than hazard all by the enemy's nearer approach, whereupon he 
ordered them to fire a gun at random to divert their course from the ship, but the 
enemy kept still course right with the ship, and took no notice of any warning 
given. He then commanded his gunner to fire upon them, but one of his mates, 
Mr. Robert Morris, who knew the country very well, the malace of the adversary 
against these people who were then near worn out with fears and watchings, made 
shot at them, which came fairly with them ; w'hereupon they suddenly altered their 
course from the ship, and rowed into the creek, calling the ship's company dogs, 
rogues and round-headed rogues, and with many execrations and railings, threatened 
to fire upon them in the morning." 

4. Governor Stone entered the mouth of Spa Creek, which forms the southern 
boundary of the present city of Annapolis, and landed his forces on Horn Point, a 
peninsula opposite Annapolis, and south of Spa Creek. 

5. While the Governor was landing his men, Captain Heamans tired another 
shot upon them. " The shot thereof lighting somewhat near to them, the Governor 
deemed it most prudent to send a messenger on board the Golden Lyon to know 
the reason of their conduct, with directions to the messengers to inform the captain 
of the ship, that he (Gov. Stone) thought the captain of the ship was satisfied. 
"To which. Captain Heamans, who and a younger brother," Mrs. Stone says, 
" were great sticklers in the business," answered in a very blustering manner — 



Paragraph 3. (n) Wliat account of his action did Heamans give? 

Paragraph 4. (a) What creek did Governor Stone enter, and where did he land? 

Paragraph 5. Ui) When tlie Governor was landing his men, what action did Captain Heamans 
take? (b) What did Governor Stone send to Heamans? (<•) What conversation took place between 
them? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 39 

" Satisfied witli wliaf? I never saw any power Captain Stone had, to do as he hath 
done, but the superscription of a letter. I must, and will, appear for these in a 
good cause." 

6. "The same night," says Heamans, "came further intelligence from the 
enemy in the harbor, that they were making fireworks against the ship." On this 
the Puritans "commanded a small ship of Captain Cut's, of New England, then in 
the river, to lie in the mouth of the creek to prevent the enemy's coming forth in 
the night, to work any mischief against the ship." 

7. The St. Mary's men evidently looked upon the campaign as one of certain 
triumph, and like Goliah of Gath, before the armies of Israel, they defied the hosts 
of the Puritans. 

8. Approaching on the morrow by a narrow neck of land, near which their 
vessels were moored, the Cavaliers, with sound of dnim and railings loud, called to 
their enemies : "Come, ye rogues ; come, ye rogues ; roundheaded dogs." On this 
the Captain of the Golden Lyon fired his fourth and this time, fatal shot, killing 
one of the St. Mary's men. 

9. The day, the 2;jth of March, was the Sabbath, but religion and fighting are 
jjrofessions the Puritans always mix. So, while the Governor was putting his troops 
in martial array, the Puritans were already in his rear. Their little band of one 
hundred and twenty, under Capt. Wm. Fuller, had marched out of town, around the 
head of Spa Creek, a detour of six miles, and now appeared behind the Governor's 
army. 

10. The sentry of the St. Mary's men fired the signal shot, when " Captain 
Fuller still expecting, that then at least, possibly they might give a reason of their 
coming, commanded his men, upon pain of death, not to shoot a gun, or give the 
first onset, setting up the standard of the commonwealth of England, against which 
the enemy shot five or six guns, and killed one man in the front before the shot was 
made by the otlier." "Then," continues Mr. Leonard Strong, "the word was given, 
'In the name of God fall on; God is our strength.'" The cry of the St. Mary's 
men was : "Hey, for St. Mary's." Thus the battle of the Severn began. 

11. The charge was fierce but brief. "Through the glorious presence of the 
Lord of Hosts," says the contemporary author, "manifested in and towards his 
poor, oppressed people, the enemy could not endure, but gave back ; and were so 
eftectually charged home, that they were all routed, turned their backs, threw down 



Paragbaph G. (a) What intelliKence came from the St. Mary's party to Heamans? (6) On this 
lat action did the Puritans take? 

Pakaohaph 7. fa) How did the St. Mary's men look upon the campaign? 

Paragraph 8. (a) What railing speech did the St. Mary's men make to the Puritans? 

Paragraph 9. (a) How did the Puritans act the nest day? 

Paragraph 10. (o) Who fired the first shot? (6) What command did Captain Fuller give? 
I Wliat followed upon the first man being killed? 

Paragraph 11. (a) To whom did the Puritans attribute their victory? iln Who were taken 
isoners? (c) How many were killed and wounded on either side? 



40 A HISTOKY OF ANNE AliMNDEL COUNTY. 

their arms, and begged for mercy. After the first volley of shot, a small company 
of the enemy, from behind a great tree fallen, galled us, and wounded divers of our 
men, but were soon driven ofl". Of the whole company of Marylanders, there only 
escaped four or five, who ran away out of the army to carry news to their confed- 
erates. Capt. Stone, Colonel Price, Capt. Gerrard, Capt. Lewis, Capt. Kendall 
(probably Fendall), Capt. Guither, Major Chandler, and all the rest of the coun- 
sellors, officers, and soldiers of the Lord Baltimore, among whom both commanders 
and soldiers, a great number being Papists, were taken, and so were their vessels, 
arms, ammunition, provisions, about fifty men slain and wounded. We lost only two 
men in the field, but two died since of their wounds. God did appear wonderful in 
the field, and in the hearts of the people, all confessing Him to be the only worker 
of this victory and deliverance." 

12. However much the Puritans attributed the fate of battle to the Almighty, 
after the contest was once over, they laid aside His precepts and proceeded to close 
matters after their own will. Dr. Barber, an author of that period, writing in the 
interests of the St. Mary's men, says : " After the skirmish, the Governor, upon 
quarter given him and all his company in the field, yielded to be taken prisoners, 
but two or three days after, the victors condemned ten to death, and executed four, 
and had executed all, had not the incessant petitioning and begging of some good 
women saved some, and the soldiers others ; the Governor himself being condemned 
by them and since begged by the soldiers, some being saved just as they were 
leading to execution." 

13. Those who were executed were Mr. William Eltonhead, Lieut. William 
Lewis, Mr. Leggett, and John Pedro, a German. Governor Stone, though his life 
was spared, was treated with great cruelty, and, while in prison, suffering from a 
severe wound received in the battle, neither his friends nor his wife were allowed to 
visit him. 

14. The year after this battle, the 23d of October, 1656, Lord Baltimore sent 
instructions to his Lieutenant and Council, in which he required the people of Anne 
Arundel to quietly and peacefully submit to his Lordship's Patents as he used and 
exercised the same there before the troubles began, viz., in the year 1650, and 
according to the advice of the said Trade Committee, which had decided that Lord 
Baltimore was entitled to the government of the Province of Maryland. 

15. He added, " His Lordship wills and requires his said Lieutenant and 
Council that the Law in the said Province instituted. An Act concerning Religion 
and passed heretofore there with his Lordship's assent. Whereby all persons who 
profess to believe in Jesus Christ have liberty of conscience and free exercise of 



Paeagbaph 12. (a) How many prisoners did tlie victors condemn to deatli? (?)) Wlio saved 
some of them from execution? 

Pakagraph 13. (oj Who were executed? (h) How was Governor Stone treated? 

Paragraph 14. (a) What instructions did the Proprietary send to Maryland in October, 1656? 

Paragraph 1.5. (a) Wliat instructions did the Proprietary give concerning the free exercise of 
religion? 



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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



their religion there, be duly observed iu the said province by all the inhabitants 
thereof, and that the penalties mentioned in the said act be duly put in execution 
upon any offenders against the same, or any part thereof." 

16. The Province was restored to Lord Baltimore in March, 1G58, he having 
been deprived of it sis years. 



CHAPTER FIFTEENTH. 



TKOXG CHARACTERS IN ANNE ARUNDEL FORCE THE HAND OF 
GOVERNMENT. 



1. The strong characters, residing in Anne Arundel, continued to force the hand 
of government to action. In lOSL Lord Baltimore himself, Charles Calvert, then 
living in the Province, issued what was called a "declaration," iu Anne Arundel, the 
substance of which does not appear to be extant. This affected the people of the 
Province to such a degi-ee that, when the General Assembly met in November, 1681, 
they called upon his Lordship for a copy of the declaration. The Upper House 
replied that it had " received in charge from his Lordship to lett the Lower House 
know that the frequent clamours of the Quakers in Anne Arundel moved his Lord- 
ship to this Declaration, and that, for the future, he is fully resolved to publish the 
proceedings of all Assemblies for the satisfaction of the people of the Province in 
general." 

2. Anne Arundel, in 1682, was mentioned in one of the Acts of Assembly as 
one of the greater counties of the Province, its name coming in the list immediately 
after St. Mary's. At the session of Assembly of 1683, the Lower House moved to 
Lord Baltimore to name a place in which he would have the futui'e assemblies meet 
that they might make provision for the public buildings. The Lower House was 
encouraged to make this request by the speech of Lord Baltimore at the opening 
of the Session, and, more particularly, by liis convening the Assembly, and appoint- 
ing the Provincial Court to be held at the Ridge, in Anne Arundel, near the centre 
of the Province, for the great ease and general convenience of the inhabitants. 



Paragraph 16. (a) When was the Province restored to Lord Baltimore? 

Paragraph 1. (a) What did the strong characters residing in Anne Arundel force? (h) Wliat 
did Lord Baltimore issue in 1681? (c) For what did the Legislature call? (d) What reply did the 
Upper House make to this demand? 

Paragraph 2. (a) How was Anne Arundel mentioned in one of the Acts of 1682? (6) Where 
had the Provincial Court of the Province been held and the Assembly convened? (c) What had some 
enterprising citizens of Anne Arundel agreed to do? (d) What reply did the Upper House make to 
this? 



42 A HISTOHY OF ANNE ARDNDEL COUNTV. 

Some of the enterprisiug citizens of Anne Arundel were, at this time, so anxious to 
have the capital in the county, tliat they had agreed to erect public buildings, and 
to wait on the Province for tlie payment for them. The Upper House in reply to 
the message of the Lower House in relation to the removal of the capital, said that 
his Lordship declared " that when a Couveniency shall be provided in South Kiver, 
iu Anne Arundel County, sufficient for the reception of his Lordship and Council 
and for holding of Assemblies and the Provincial Courts, and the several and 
respective offices thereon depending, his Lordship will make use thereof for such 
ends, so long as he shall see convenient." With this reply the matter of the 
removal ended for the time. 

3. Anne Arundel had from its settlement a martial spirit. At the inspection 
of arms of the Province, in 1678, Anne Arundel was holding, at the time of the 
enumeration, fifty of the muskets of the public. 

■i. There was, at the Session of 1683, evidence of great rivalry between the 
West River and South River sections for the erection of a town. The Lower House 
was of opinion that, from the reasons offered by the delegation from Anne Arundel, 
it would be to the convenience of all the inhabitants, living between Herring Creek 
and South River, to have a town upon West River. The Upper House replied that 
the Lord Proprietary had reserved the right to erect towns to be equally privileged 
with the towns named in the Act. Londontown, on South River, was, thereupon, 
ei-ected into a port of entry, and many lots were sold in the ambitious settlement. 



CHAPTER SIXTEENTH. 



THE RELIGIOUS ELEMENT IN THE COUNTY AND THE DEVELOPiMENT 
OF ANNE ARUNDEL. 

1. By joint contributions of labor and materials, the first church of the Puri- 
tans in Anne Arundel was built near the Magothy River, in the Third District, upon 
land adjoining that of Elder William Durand. Mr. Philip Thomas, a strict Puritan, 



Paragraph 3. (a) What spirit liad Anne Arundel from its settlement? (6) At tlie inspec- 
tion of the Province in 1678, how many public muskets did the county hold? 

Paragraph 4. (a) What sections were in rivalry in 1683 for the erection of a town? (b) 
Wliat place did tlie Lower House say oiJered the greatest convenience to all the inhabitants? (c) What 
reply did the Upper House make? (d) What town was thereupon erected into a port of entry? 

Paragraph 1. (a) Where was the fir.st church of the Puritans built? (6) From what colony 
were the Quakers driven? (c) Who welcomed them to Maryland? (d) Where was a Quaker Meet- 
ing House built? (e) Who lectured in this meeting house in 1672? (/) What place became the 
centre of the Quaker faith? {g) What is a landmark in West Kiver today? 



A HIKI'ORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. -IB 

lived on the premises and took care of the- meeting-house. Driven from Virginia, 
the Quakers, or Friends, as they called themselves, took refuge in Maryland. They 
were welcomed by the Puritans, who, in turn, began to drift towards the belief of 
tlie Friends. Philip Thomas was converted to their faith, and, gradually, the 
Puritan element was absorbed largely in the Quaker faith. At West Eiver a house 
of worship was built for tlie yearly meeting of the Friends, and, in 1672, George 
Fox lectured to large assembkges in the Puritan Meeting-House on the Magothy. 
^\"est Eiver became a centre of the faith of the Friends, and the Quaker Burying 
Ground is one af the landmarks of that section today. 

2. In civic affairs the Quakei-s, also, made themselves felt. Philip Thomas, 
Thomas Tliurston, and Josias Cole, in IG08, petitioned the Council to allow the 
Friends exemption from military duties, and the privilege of affirmation for an oath. 
They were put under arrest for addressing such a "presumptions letter" to the 
government. Thurston was taken, but the return of the sheriiF in Cole case was 
that he was at "Ann Arundel! seducing the people and dissuading them from taking 
the oath of Agreement." In the same year, because the Quakers would "presumptu- 
ously stand covered" in Court in contempt of an order, the Council, held in Anne 
Arundel, banished them from the Province, and an order, issued in 1659, by the 
Council, described the Friends, as " vagabonds and idle persons, known b}- the name 
of Quakers." liecause they dissuaded the peo])Io from complying with the military 
disci[)line of the Province, and from giving testimony, and being jurors and holding 
offices, the Council directed justices of the peace to have the Quakers arrested, "and 
whipped from Constable to Constable until they be sent out of the Province." 

3. In 1683, Annapolis was known as "The Town at Proctors." In 1689, 
Anne Ai-undel was reported "as being the richest and most populous "of the whole 
Province." Indeed, from the very settlement of the county, Anne Arundel took a 
leading place in the aflairs of the Province. 

■t. In 16.5-1, it was ordered by the Puritan Legislature that the inhabitants of 
Herring-Creek and the Clifl's pay their levies into Anne Arundel county. The first 
citizen of Anne Arundel to be naturalized was Anthony Demouderer, who desired an 
act of the Legislature passed in 1671, giving him naturalization. 

5. In 1683, the following ports were established in Anne Arundel County : 
The Town at Proctors ; at South Eiver on Col. William Burgess's Land ; at Herring 
Creek, on the Town Land. In 1684, another port was made at West Eiver, upon 
the land of John Hillen, deceased, and the land adjacent thereto. 



Pabaoraph 2. (o) In what other affairs did the Quakers make themselves felt? (6) What 
petition did Philip Thomas, Thomas Thurston and Josias Cole make to the Council in 1658? (c) 
What was the result of this memorial? (d) What return was made in Cole's case? (e) How did an 
order of the Council describe the Quakei-s? (f) Because of the Quakers dissuaded the people from 
pertorniing military and civil duties, what order was given to the justices of the peace? 

Pakaokaph 3. (a) By what name was Annapolis known in 1683? (6) What was reported of 
Anne Arundel in 1689? (n From its settlement, what place did Anne Arundel take? 

FAHAiiHAi'U 4. (a) What was ordered by the Puritan Legislature of 1654? (6) Who was the 
first citizen of Anne Arundel to be naturalized? 

Pakagraph 5. ((I) What ports were established in Anne Arundel in 1683? What one in 1684? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARl'NDEL COUNTY. 

Sd it in the county of Anne Arunael. J^^ M^PJ^^^ ^.^ i,,,,ty .ovrow for the 
Lower, suspended Burle. ^urle then acknow^ fnconsiderately through n.tirnnty 
pamphlet, which he claimed he ^^^'J J'™;^ ^ go to the House and make his 
Ld weakness." ^urle was the^-eupoi^ al^^^^^^^^^ ^^ g^ ^^^^^.^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^„ 1. 
acknowledgment of his faults, which was oi ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^.^ I^ 

7. The love of ^T]^ ^^''f,Z^! ^Z^r^s.^ ^^In alicen.e to keep an mn 
April, 1654, Thomas Belchoir, ^^^ ^^f j^^^ f;,. ^ny other fitting and w^iolesome 
oi^ordinary to "sell beer, wiiie, ^^rong ^^ate s o J ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ 

drink, victualls or provisions /^^^^ ^Jf ^J^, .tiered and ran horse-races and 
in the Herring-Creek Hundred, the uieligiousfe pHends had to obtain an 

' Id an?dranf strong waters ^^ ^^sT ot " ou pi^^^^^ The Legislature 

Act of the Legislature *« P;-f filing tl- erection of booths for the sale of 
at a later period, passed an Act loiomu ^ 

liquor on holidays. ^ sufficient importance as to 

8. In 1686, Anne Arundel contained * ^^^^ ^^^^^ ° Captain Richard Hill, and 
,equire town officers. These officers were .U^^^^^^^ 

,,Uwo commissioners of .^^^^J^^^^^y^^ ^^j^g Creek Town, Mr. Thomas Km 
Burgess, and any two.commissioneis , at He^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^, 

and any two commissioners. T^^.Jf^^^^^^^^ as military officers for the goyern- 

type of character, ^^^-^^I'^^g ,^°'5,'^ i ciilw^^^ Herrington, (Herring Town,) was 

ment of the Province. In 1^69 Samuel Ciie ^^^^^.^^^ ^^ ^j^^ Provmcia 

made a member of tbe Governor s <^^^ --^ri"^ ,^^^, „f being made the Keeper of 

Court. Amongst the digniieso Ins office ^^.^^.^^ ^^ 

Hip Seal of Anne Arundel Count}, in ^"''l' , p , tj^^j^^s TaiUer, of Anne 

'^"liefof tht foot soldiers of ^^^J^^^'^^e and part of Calvert 

Arundel, commanded the horse of Anne Aiunu , 

Counties. . . ..^r^ninted in 1685, and out of these, 

eruor's Council m lfab9 :■ (e) w uu " 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 45 

towns. They were Capt. Kichard Hill, Major Nicholas Gassaway, Capt. Edward 
Burgess, Capt. Edward Dorsey, Mr. Henry Eidgely, Mr. Kichard Beard, Mr. John 
Hollers, Mr. Henry Constable, Mr. John Hammond, Mr. Thomas Tench, Capt. 
Nicholas Greeuberrv', Mr. James Knighton, Mr. James Ellis. 

10. The most important change in the political affairs of Anne Arundel was, 
when in 1694, the General Assembly changed the seat of government from St. 
Mary's to Annapolis. The Protestant Eevolution in the Province, in 1089, had, 
witlioiit the shedding of blood, taken possession of Maryland in the name of 
William and Mary, of England, and the inconvenience of reaching St. Mary's to 
most of the people, with its strong Catholic population, put jt in disfavor with the 
I'rotestant Revolutionists, and, notwithstanding a vigorous and plaintive protest 
from the people of St. Mary's, Annapolis was selected as the capital of the Province. 

11. Dignified with the seat of government, Annapolis put on its honors with 
the stir of a new vitality'. Chapter 2nd, of the Session of 1695, made the name of 
the ca])ital, Annapolis. The first State House was ordered to be built, and a ferry 
was established over Severn Iliver. The next year money was voted for a church, a 
Bridewell was built, a market-house ordered to be erected, a map of Annapolis was 
made, and it was directed that "an handsome pair of gates be made at ye coming 
in of the towne, and two triangular houses built for ye rangers." King William's 
School was established the same year. 

12. The foundation of the first State House was laid in Annapolis on April 
3()th, 1696. In 1704, this State House was burned down. A new one was imme- 
diately erected, which was torn down in 1772 to make room for the third State 
House — the present one. 

13. An attempt was made in 1707 to burn Annapolis. Richard Clarke was the 
author of this plot. It created great excitement at the capital. Clarke was charged 
with treason and a bill of attainder passed. He does not seem to have been appre- 
hended. 

14. On the 10th of August, 1708, Annapolis received its charter as a city, that 
honor being granted it by the Honorable John Seymour, the royal Governor of 
Maryland. The City Council at that date was : Mayor — Amos Garrett. Recorder — 
Woruell Hunt. Aldermen — William Bladen, John Freemen, Benjamin Fordham, 
Evan Jones, Thomas Boardley and Josiah Wilson. 



Pabaobaph 10. (a) What was the most important change in the political affairs of Anne 
Arundel? ib) \V+io had taken possession of Maryland without the shedding of blood? 

Pabaobaph 11. (a) What improvements took place when Annapolis became the seat of govern- 
ment? 

Pabaobaph 12. (a) When was the foundation of the first State House laid? (6) What hap- 
pened to this State House? (c) When was thesecond erected? (d) When the present and third one? 

Pabaobaph 13. (a) Who attempted to burn Annapolis in 1707? 

Pabaobaph 14. (a) When did Annapolis receive its charter as a city? (6) Who granted the 
charter? (c) Who composed its first Council? 



46 A HISTOIJV OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

15. "A Prospect to Animpolis " was laid ofi' May 24th, 1720. It comprised 
two lots of ground, one called Durand's Place, the other Woodchurch's Rest. It lay 
on the North Side of Severn. 

16. Ten acres ware laid off into half acre lots in Annapolis and donated to 
tradesmen, to encourage artizans to settle in the city. 



CHAPTER SEVENTEENTH. 



ANNE ARUNDEL REFUSES TO SANCTION THE OVERTHROW OF LORD 
BALTIMORE'S GOVERNMENT. 



1. There was but one Catiiolic family in Anne Arundel in 1689. The inhabitants 
of the count}' were composed almost entirely of Puritans and Friends, but the 
dissenting citizens of Anne Ai-undel did not approve of the Protestant Eevolution 
that overthrew Lord Baltimore's government in 1689. A reason may be found for 
their loyalty to Lord Baltimore, in that, as Dissenters, they did not desire the 
ascendancy of the Churchmen in the Province. The county was so much opposed 
to the Revolution that it declined to send delegates to the Convention called by the 
Revolutionists to enact laws for the Province. 

2. One of the incidents, growing out of this condition of public sentiment, was 
the arrest of Captain Richard Hill, a leading citizen of Herring Creek, in Anne 
Arundel. Captain Hill was charged, on the oath of John Hammond, that " at 
August Court, in the year 1689, at London Towne," with having a great difference 
with Hammond " concerning the present juncture of affairs here in Maryland, the 
said Hill was so enraged against the present proceedings here in Maryland, and 
that he swore he would prevent all such rebellion, and that it was rebellion in the 
highest degree in those persons that had taken up arms against Lord Baltimore or 
interest. Thereupon, the said Hill had advised the deponent not to forfeit his 
lands and estates, if not his life, under pretence of serving, he did not know how a 
King William (but pray) be not too hasty in serving the Prince of Orange, before 
you are certain that he is King of England, which is to be questioned whether he 



Pakagbaph 35. (a) What was laid off in May, 1720? 

Pabagraph 16. (a) Wliat was done to encourage artizans to settle in Annapolis? 

Paeageaph 1. (n) How many Catholic families were there in Anne Ai'undel in 1869? (h) Of 
what faith were the inhabitants of Anne Arundel composed? (c) Of what did not citizens of 
Anne Arundel approve? (d) What reason may be found for their loyalty to Lord Baltimore? 
(e) What did the county decline to do? 

Paeageaph 2. (a) What was one of the incidents growing out of this condition of public senti- 
ment? 



A mSTOKV OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. • 47 

is King of Englaud, or not, and swore by bis God, if be were so, be could not give 
account bow be couid come bj tbe Crown of England bj fair play, for be could 
claim n(} rigbt, neitber by descent, law or justice, and tbat it was treason to pro- 
claim tbe Prince of Orange King of England, and tbat be would j^rove wben called 
by good law, and quoted tbe Loid Coke; and tbat tbe said Hill some time after, in 
tbe montb of September, did meet witli tbe said deponent and did tben insist tbe 
most of tbe above said words, witb many scurrilous speecbes." 

3. Captain Hill wbo was furtber cbarged witb baving taken up arms against 
tbe new government in Maryland, bad to seek refuge in Virginia. He was, beside, 
accused of treason to bis Majesty. In November, 1690, Captain Hill, witb otber 
leading citizens of tbe Province, presented a petition to tbe King, reciting tbat Jobn 
Coode and bis accomplices bad seized tbe government in a tumultuous manner, and 
plundered tbe petitioners' estates and imprisoned tbeir persons, and tbey asked 
tbat Coode witb one Kenelm Cbeseldyne, one of bis accomplices, and botb tben in 
London, be summoned before tbe King to answer tbe complaint. Tbomas Ivnigbtou, 
Samuel Cbew, Tbomas Tailler and Edward Dorsey, citizens of Anne Arundel county, 
joined witb Captain Hill iii bis remonstrance to tbe King. Coode and Cbesel- 
dyne made an answer to tbis remonstrance relating in full tbe proceedings of tbe 
revolutionists in taking possession of Maryland, and denying any knowledge of 
damage being done to tbe petifiouei's. On January 1st, 1690, tbe Lords of tbe 
Committee of Trade and Plantations in Enghmd reported to bis Majesty, tliat tbey 
were of opinion tbat Col. Henry Darnell and Captain Kicbard Hill, wbo have given 
bond for tbeir good bebaviour for words alleged to bave been sjioken against your 
Majesty before your accession to tbe Crown and tbe late Act of Indemnity, may be 
released of tlieir bail, and discbarged from any furtber attendance on tbat occasion. 
Tbe King in Council was pleased to ap])rove of tbe report and ordered tbe release 
of Col, Darnell and Captain Hill. Captain Hill retained tbe confidence of tbe people 
of bis county, and represented tbem in tbe House of Burgesses in tbe sessions of 
1698 and 1699. 

4. Tbe revolution left its sting in Maryland, and tbe cbief actors in it did not 
look upon differences of opinion so ligbtly wben tbey bad an opportunity to vent 
tbeir ill will. In 1693, Tbomas Bland, of Anne Arundel, made petition to Governor 
Lionell Copley wbo bad been a])])()inted tbe Iioyal Governor for Maryland, reciting 
tbat tbe " Petitioner being deeply sensible of our Sovereign Lord and Lady, tbe 
King and Queen's Majesties princeh' bounty and goodness to tbis, tbeir Majesties 
Province of Maryland, and more particularly, in placing your Excellency to be 
ruier and Governor over their Majesties subjects inhabiting the same, by means 



Paragraph 3. (a) What was Captain Hill further charged witii? (b) What second charge was 
made against Captain Hill? (>) What petition did Captain Hill, with other leading citizens, in 
1G90, present to tlie King? (f/) What answer did Coode and Cheseklj'ne make to this petition? 
(e) What report was made by the Lords of the Committee of Trade and Plantations upon this 
matter? i/i What action did the King take? (y) What proof of confidence did the people give to 
Captain Hill? 

Paraoraph 4. (o) Did the chief actors look lightly on differences of opinion? (6j What peti- 
tion did Thomas Bland make? 



48 ■ A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

wliereof we are not only freed from the fears and dangers of Popish tyranny and 
oppression, but from other calamities and miseries the people groaned under, which 
being now changed into repose, quiet and lawful liberty, there is nothing further 
wanting to the composing the minds of men in agreement, peace and plenty, save 
only the dutiful return of veneration and obedience from the people of this, their 
Majesties Province, in acknowledging their fatherly tenderness and indulgence in 
placing your Excellency to be ruler over us. Your Petitioner, in contemplation of 
so ample goodness and that he may, in some measure, be serviceable to this their 
Majesties Pro-\dnce, iinder the lawful government of your Excellency, humbly prays 
that lie may be admitted to be swoi'n one of their Majesties Attorneys of the Pro- 
vincial Court, where your petitioner has been a practitioner above twenty years, in 
which employment your petitioner desires to spend the remainder of his life, not 
only in defending their Majesties rights by Law, but shall always be ready to lay 
down his life and fortunes at their Majesties feet, and at J;he feet of your Excellency 
as Governor against all opposition whatsoever. And your petitioner shall ever pray 
for your Excellency's long life and prosperity." 

5. A facetious answer, cruel in its effect, was the reply to this unctions petition. 
In the Council Proceedings it is recorded, that "it being informed his Excellency 
and this Board that the Petitioner had, upon the late Revolution, approved himself 
a person disaffected to their Majesties and the present government, as per several 
depositions taken against him, especiall}' one by Mr. William Hopkins, of the same 
county, may appear, which being produced and read, it was ordei-ed that, for 
answer to the within written petition, the petitioner is refeined to the following 
copy of a deposition taken by Mr. William Hojjkius, as the reason why they have 
thought fit to reject the same." 

6. The deposition of Hopkins was : " Saitli that, as the deponent was going to 
the County Court, in September, 1689, Thomas Bland asked the deponent what 
made him so rebellious against the Lord Baltimore, and asked, if he had not 
sufferred enough in the Province already for his being so obstinate against the 
Papists, and yet, for all your sufferings, you will assist in the oversetting of the 
government, and think to be relieved by one, as you pretend, is now King of 
England ; but you are deceived for the Prince of Orange is not King of England, 
nor ever is like to be, and this is treason in the highest degree to act so against the 
Lord Baltimore, and, therefore, you will lose both jour life and livings from your 
heirs forever, if you desist not from your rebellion, and, besides, you know if you 
had, at any time, any suit at law in the Court, you could never have justice done 
you because you were always looked upon as the gi'eatest rebel against the Papists 
in all Maryland, and now you think to be relieved by this King William, (as you 
call him,) for it is not in his power to relieve you, for the Lord Baltimore is no 
ways siabordinate or dependent to the Crown of England ; but is absolute here of 
himself in this Province. And, if King William that usurped, should take by force 



Parageaph 5. (rt) What answer was made to this petition? 
Pabaobaph 6. What did Hopliins say in his deposition? 




IKXHY 11. WALLACK, 
Elected Examiner ol" the Publie Sehools of Anuo Aniiulf 
County. November 10th, 1905. 



A mSTOEY OF .\XSE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 49 

this Province from my Lord, he could not be King of it, but, must be but a Pro- 
prietor of the same, for it was freely given to my Lord for an absolute place of 
refuge for the Papists, and you are all but intruders into their privileges, and my 
Lord IS not bound by his charter to maintain the Protestant Keligion though you 
say he IS, and, therefore, for your rebellion against the Lord Baltimore, you will 
all be hanged, and your King William, as you call him, neither can nor hath any 
power to relieve you in this Province, and you know you have suffered enough 
already in your last suit in chancery, and when I came to Court Captain Hill, ami 
this deponent had some words, and Bland said : ^ See what Captain Hill says to 
you before these gentlemen, and yet you will not be quiet.' " 

7. In due course of time Mr. Bland was fully restored to his rights, of citizenship 
If not sworn as an attorney of the Provincial Court, for, in 1696, he appears in the 
list of military officers in Anne Arundel County who signed the Maryland Associa- 
tion s address, presented to his Sacred Majesty, upon the news arriving in the 
Province " of the horrible intended conspiracy against his royal person " 



CHAPTER EIGHTEENTH. 

THE RELIGIOUS ELEMENT IN ANNE ARUNDEL FROM THE PROTESTANT 
REVOLUTION TO THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION— 1689-1776. 



1. With the passage of the Act of 1692, chapter 2, which established the 
Protestant Religion in Maryland, the ascendancy of the Puritan and Quaker element 
began to wane. 

2. Annapolis, with all its' fashionable dissipations, had in it a strong religious 
element, and many notable clergymen ministered to its spiritual needs. Amongs^t 
these were the gieat George Whitfield, who in 1746, vLsited Annapolis, and preached 
on November, 5th, a day of thanksgiving. His sermon was from the text, "Righte- 
ousness exalteth a nation." Proverks, 14:28. As the service ended, it was 
concluded by the untoward incident, the ornament at the back of the Speaker's pew, 
stiTick by a heavy gust of wind, gave way, and struck several gentlemen. When the 
Methodists began their preaching in Maryland, one of their ministers visited the 
city and preached. 



Pakagrhph 7. To what was Bland restored in the course of time? 
Paragraph 1. (a) Ayhat was established by Act of 1692, chapter 2? 

Paragraph 2. {a) What strong element had Annapolis in it? (b^ Who preached in Annapolis 
1746? (r) Name an incident during his preaching? (d) Who besides preached in Annapolis? 



50 A HISTOllY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 

3. In 1773, a fierce coutroversy occurred between the friends of the clergy and 
the opponents of Gov. Eden. He had issued a prockimation giving the clergy forty 
pounds of tobacco per poll, instead of thirty, that some claimed was the law. The 
proclamation had an ill-timed birth, for it was issued about the same time that 
another was proclaimed, that fixing the fees of public officers, which the Legislature 
claimed alone the right to ascertain. At that period the Reverend Jonathan Boucher 
was the rector of St. Anne's. His learning was broad and his piety was exalted. 
In the discussion that followed the proclamation, he proved himself an able 
expounder of the law and a brilliant essayist. 

4. The Established Church of England, when not siipported by law, in the 
Province of Maryland, had made no progress at all in Anne Arundel county, a section 
composed almost entirely of members of the dissenting denominations. The earliest 
information of the condition of the Church of England, in Maryland, is given in a 
letter written in 1675, by the Rev. Mr. Yeo, of Patuxent, to the Archbishop of 
Canterbury. He wrote, that " the Province of Marjdaud is in a deplorable condi- 
tion for want of an established ministry. Here are ten or twelve counties, and in 
them at least twenty thousand souls ; and but three Protestant ministers of the 
Church of England. The priests are provided for, and the Quakers take care of 
those that are speakers ; but no care is taken to build up churches of the Protestant 
religion. The Lord's day is profaned ; religion is despised, and all notorious vices 
are committed ; so that it is become a Sodom of uncleanness and a pest house of 
iniquity. As the Lord Baltimore is lately gone for England, I have made bold to 
address this to your grace, to beg that your grace would be pleased to solicit him 
for some established support for the Protestant ministry." 

5. The support given the priests was not by law, for none was on the statute 
books ; besides, at the period in which this letter was written, that of the Protestant 
Revolution, there were in the Province of Maryland thirty Protestants to one Catholic, 
and there was perfect peace between them. The Act of 1692, Chapter 2, establishing 
the Protestant.Religion in Maryland, gave the commissioners of the County, that is, 
the judges of the County Courts, the power to divide the several counties into 
parishes. Four were established in Anne Arundel, one embracing the Herring 
Creek section, called Herring Creek ; one on the South River, called South River ; 
one between South and Severn Rivers, called Middle Neck, at present St. Anne's, 
and one between Severn and Magothy Rivers, called Broad Neck. On the arrival of 
Governor Francis Nicholson, in the Province in 1694, he commenced immediately 
the erection of the only brick church in all Maryland. This was St. Anne's, which 



Paragraph 3. (a) What occurred in 1773 between the clergy aud friends of the opponents of 
Gov. Eden? (b) What was the occasion of this controversy? (c) Who was rector of St. Anne's at 
this time? (d) What did he prove himself to be? 

Paragraph 4. (a) What did Bev. Mr. Yeo say oif the condition of the Province at this period ? 

Paragraph 5. (a) What were the number of Protestants to Catholics in Maryland at this time? 
(6) What was the state of feeling between them? (e) What authority was given by chapter 2, 1692, 
to the Commissioners of the county? (d) How many parishes were established in Anne Arundel, 
and what were their names? (e.) When was the first brick church erected in Maryland? When? 
and by whom? (/) How many churches have there been on this site? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 51 

remained until 1774, when a new brick church was erected, which was burned down 
in 1858. The present edifice was then built upon the site of the two former ones. 
I'nder the law of the Province every taxable person in the Province had to pay forty 
pounds of tobacco a year for himself and for each member of his family to support 
the established clergy. 

6. In 1700, that earnest friend of religion and education, Dr. liray, of England, 
arrived in Maryland to aid the cause of establishing the Church of England in the 
Province and of diftiising education amongst the people. He made his headquarters 
at Annapolis, and received the thanks of the Assembly for his labors. On May 23, 
1700, all the Established Clergy of Maryland met at Annapolis. Out of the seven- 
teen that composed the body, three were from Anne Arundel. 

7. The members of the Legislature who voted the means to sustain the clergy 
and the manner of collecting their tithes, elected on political grounds, were not 
always earnest in their support of the regular ministry, and did not make provision 
for the prompt payment of their poll of tobacco, and were even accused of endeavor- 
ing to stane the clergy out. The right, under the charter, for the Proprietary to 
nominate the ministers to the parishes, led, in later times, especially under the pro- 
prietaryship of the last Lord Baltimore, a dissolute and profligate character, to 
many abuses, which the great body of the ministers, who were men of acceptable 
character, could not prevent. The power to dismiss was not vested in the clergy, 
and they could not purge themselves of improper persons. A number of" immoral 
men were thus appointed to vacancies, and amongst these was the notorious 
Bennett Allen, who came to Maryland, under the special care of Frederick, Lord 
Baltimore. He came for the prize of a good rich living, and was most grasping in 
his eti'orts in obtaining it. 

8. Arriving in Maryland, in 1700, and bringing with him the "great, personal 
regard and friendship " of Lord Baltimore who proposed, in his Lordship's letter 
to Governor Sharpe, that "he shall have one of the best" livings. A graduate and 
fellow of Wadliam College, Oxford, on April 20th, 1767, Allen presented to the 
vestry of St. Anne's, in Annapolis, his letters of induction as rector of the parish. 
For a year all went well, the rector being held in general esteem, and, with a lavish 
hand, spending his whole year's income to improve the glebe house. On the 24th 
of October, the Governor gave Mr. Allen a license as the curate of St. James' 
Parish in Anne Anindel County. This raised at once the question whether, or 



Paragraph 6. (a) Who arrived in Maryland in 1700? (6) Where did lie make his headquarters? 
(c) What did he receive? (d) Who met in Annapolis in May, 1700? 

Pabagkaph 7. (a) Was the support of the clergy an earnest one? Why not? (6) What did 
the right of the proprietary to nominate tlie ministers lead to? (c) Of what was the great body of 
the ministers composed? (rf) What prevented them from purging themselves of improper persons? 
(f) What notorious ciiaractor came to Maryland under the care of Lord Baltimore? 

Paragraph 8. (a) When did Allen arrive? (6) What did he bring with him? (c) What did Lord 
Baltimore propose that Allen should have? (dj To what parish was he inducted? (e) How long did 
matters go on well? (/) What was given Allen in October, 1767? (g) What question did this raise? 
(k) To what did the dispute lead? 



52 A HISTOliY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 

not, a clergyman could hold two parislies at the same time, and to a most serious 
altercation between Mr. Samuel Chew, one of the vestry of St. James, and the pro- 
posed incumbent of the Parish. 

9. On the 6th of January, 1768, Mr. Allen, having gone down to St. James to 
take possession, stopped at Mr. Chew's house, who asked him in, and was about to 
make a bowl of punch to refresh the minister, when Mr. Allen told Mr. Chew that 
he intended to rent out the Glebes. Mr. Chew told Allen that he had no right to 
do it, and, pointing to the acts of Assembly, said " there's the Act of Assembly." 
After Allen had read it, being asked by Mr. Chew " what he thought of it," the 
minister replied : "You don't consider the spirit of the law." Mr. Chew replied : 
"You don't consider your own interest and the spirit of the devil perhaps." The 
minister replied, that "he was surjjrised that so many learned men in the law could 
not construe the spirit of the law," and rejaeatedly accused the vestryman of his 
former promise to vote for his holding two parishes, and of his not complying with 
his word. The vestryman acknowledged that he had made this promise, but that 
he had changed his opinion of the propriety of it, though he had voted for him, 
and that Mr. Allen, in mentioning the matter, did not use him as a gentleman. 

10. The minister continued to speak of the promise, when Mr. Chew told him 
he might say what he pleased for that he should not change his mind again about 
it to be ridiculed and blamed by the people, as they had blamed him for what he 
had done already. - Mr. Allen, laying his hands on Mr. Chew's shoulder, said : — 
"My friend, you shan't be blamed about it. I'll take the burthen off your shoulders." 
Mr. Chew, as Mr. Allen continued to talk about the matter, finding himself unable 
to control his temper, rose to leave the room ; but, as the vestryman was going, he 
heai-d the minister say something that he did not understand, when he walked across 
the room, instead of out of it. Mr. Allen too rose from his seat and crossed the room, 
and again mentioned the promise of the vestryman, and said that !'such alterations 
were surprising ; but he knew whence the change came ; wished that he had been a 
month or two forwarded ; that he expected letters from home which would convince 
some people. My Lord's authority was greater here than the people expected." 
Pausing, the minister added : " I know where this sudden change comes from. Ay, 
Dulany, Dulany!" To this Mr. Chew answered : "Sir, you have no right to reflect 
on any Gentleman, for I give you my word and honor, I have had no conversation 
with Mr. Dulany, nor know his sentiments on it." Allen repeated several times 
that he doubted it. A Bible lying on a desk near the vestryman, he laid his hands 
on it, and said : "Sir, I can here solemnly swear that I have had no conversation 
with Mr. Dulany, nor know anything of his bcinL; ymir enemy in it, than you have 
told me yourself." The minister replied, "Notwitlistanding that. Sir, I should much 
doubt or question your word." The vestryman asked : "What's that you say, Sir. 
There's the door." The minister was then seized by the collar by the vestryman, 



Paragraph 9. (a) Can you state the altercation between Mr. Chew and Mr. Allen? 
Paragraph 10. (a) What oocurred when Mr. Chew told Mr. Allen that he should not change 
his mind? 



A HISTOKY OF ANXE ARUNDEL COUNTY. ;j3 

chaggea to the door, aucl before the sight of his brother minister, the Eev. Mr. 
Edmouilson, was put out, tlie vestrjmau telliug him, "To go aud learn better 
luanuers, before he came to a gentleman's house again." The minister attempted 
to return to the house, when, pushing the door partly open, the host struck his 
visitor with a stick. 

11. This encounter led to a challege from the minister to fight a duel, which 
the vestryman accepted on the terms of meeting each other alone. This was 
accejjted by the minister, but the meeting never took place, each charging bad faith 
upon the other, Mr. Chew declaring Mr. Allen carried a sword to the field, and 
Allen accusing the vestryman of bringing his servant to the place of meeting. A 
street fight with Daniel Dulany in Annapolis was another of Allen's escapades. 
Fortified with instructions to Gov. Sharp from the Proprietary to give Allen one of 
tlie best livings in the Province, when the Rev. Thomas Bacon, the talented rector 
of All Saints, a parish worth $o,000 a year, died in 1768, Allen was presented with 
this by the Governor and proceeded at once to take possession of his lucrative 
parish. He arrived in June in Frederick, and found the vestry opposed to his 
liaving tlie parish. Allen was not deterred. Obtaining tlie keys of the building by 
stealth, on Saturday he went into the church and read prayers and the thirty-nine 
articles, and his induction. What followed, Allen tells Gov. Sharpe in a letter : 
" On Sunday, having heard that the locks were taken ofi", aud the door bolted within, 
I got up at four o'clock, and, by the assistance of a ladder, unbolted them, getting 
in at a window, and left them on the jar. The vestry came up to me and spoke to 
me of breach of privilege. I said : 'I am not acquainted with customs. I act by 
the letter of the law. The moment the Governor signs an induction, your power 
ceases. I am sorry that any dissensions, and so forth.' I saw they drew to the 
doors f)f the Church. I got a little advantage, leap't into the desk, and made my 
apology and began the service. The congregation was called out. I proceeded as 
if nothing had happened till the Second Lesson. I heard some commotions from 
without which gave me a little alarm, and I provided luckily against it, or I must 
liave been maimed, if not murdered. They called a number of their bravest, that 
is to say, their largest men, to pull me out of the desk. I let the captain come 
within two paces of me, and clapt my pistol to his head. What consternation ! 
They accuse me of swearing by God, I would shoot him, and, I believe I did swear, 
which was better than praying just then. They retired and I proceeded, but the 
doors and windows flj'ing open, and stones beginning to rattle, my aid de camp, Mr. 
Dakein advised me to retreat — the fort being no longer tenable. We walk't through 
the midst of them facing about from time to time till we got to some distance when 
stones began to fly. I luckily escaped any hurt, and Dakein had but one blow." 
Allen held on to the parish one year, when he resigned. 



Pak.\oraph 11. (a) To what did encounter lead? (&) Did this duel take place? Why not? 
Witli whom did .illen have a street fight? {d) To wliat other parish was .\IIen inducted? 
(iive an account of Allen's conduct in Frederick? 



;i4 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTV. 

12. After the State of Maryliuid adopted the Constitution of 1776, the regular 
support of the established clergy ceased to be a matter of law, and Allen returned 
to England, where, in a duel provoked by his wanton attack on the Dulany family 
of Maryland, he was challenged by Lloyd Dulany whom Allen killed. Allen was 
a type of character that of whom the Churchmen of that day could not rid them- 
selves, for while most of the ministers were men of character and piety, who made 
effort after effort to obtain the means within themselves to rid the ministry of its 
unworthy members, Lord Baltimore would not let go a tithe of his authority to 
appoint the clergy, nor f)f having absolute control over them. 

13. While the Constitution forbade forced contributions to any particular place 
of worship or ministry, yet organic law of that day reserved to the general Assembly 
the discretion to lay a general and equal ta.\ for the support of the Christian 
religion, leaving to each individual the power of appointing the payment over of 
the money collected from him to the sujDport of any particular place of worship or 
minister ; or for the benefit of the poor of his own denomination, or the poor in 
general of any particular county. In the j^ear 1785, an effort was made in the 
House of Delegates to formulate a law to give effect to this provision, but the 
motion for leave to bring in a bill for that purpose was defeated by a vote of two to 
one. 

li. After the Revolutionary war the Catholics slowly increased in number in 
Anne Arundel, but for a long period the Church at Annapolis was the only 
one in the county. A few private chapels existed before the Revolution. No 
Catholic Chui'ches were allowed by law, yet some few existed. Charles Carroll, of 
Carrollton, had a chapel and a chaplain in his house at Annapolis ; a private chapel, 
tradition says, was located on Gibson's Island, in the Magothy River. It stood 
there a few years since, occupied as a stable. Tradition also says that a Catholic 
Church stood near the site of the old Graveyard on the Priests' Farm, near South 
River Bridge. This building evidently gave the name to Church Creek that borders 
the Farm. The EpiscoiDalians have more than held their own in Anne Arundel ; 
retaining bj' law their churches held at the Revolution by the established church, 
they have increased their parishes and churches in every part of the county. The 
Methodists, of both the old and Southern branch, are very largely represented in 
the county. There are Presbyterians and Baptists in the county, but not in large 
numbers. The Quakers and Puritans have ceased to exist as congregations. The 
Millennial Dawn believers have one congregation at West Annapolis. 



Paragkaph 12. (a) What ceased upon the adoption of the Constitution of Marjiand of 1776? 
{h) Whom did Bennet Allen kill in a duel? 

Paragraph 13. (a) What did the organic law reserve to the General Assembly? (h) AV hat was 
the result of the effort to formulate a law to give effect to this provision? 

Paragraph II. im Wlm incTOiicod in nninhprs: after the Kevolutionary War? (6) What existed 
before the Pii'i'ilul iMii' in Wnr (';ii Imli,' ilnirclics allowed before the Revolution? [d) Where were 
these private Cai li..lh' ili,i|i.U,' i. i WIhi h.n .■ in.. n- than held their own in Anne Arundel? (/.) Who 
are largely rcpii'si'iiti'il in lln' ( Duiityr u/i \\ hat other denominations exist in. the County? 



A HISTORY OF ANxVE ARUNDEL COUNIY. §5 



CHAPTER NINETEENTH. 



PATRIOTIS.M IN ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 



1. The military aud patriotic spirit was always prominent in Anne Arundel 
county. Following the defeat of Braddock, Col. Henry Eidgely, with thirty vol- 
unteers from Anne Arundel, proceeded immediately to the frontier. Throughout 
the French and Indian war the delegates from Annapolis and Anne Arundel readily 
voted supplies to the King, although diflt'erences, as to the mode of laying the taxes 
to purchase the supplies, prevented most of the bills for troops and provisions from 
becoming eflective. 

'2. Maryland was in the very forefront in the initial opposition of the Colonies 
to British encroachments upon American rights as the period of the Revolution 
approached. No county in Maryland equaled Anne Ai-undel in fervid and imme- 
diate resistance to England's efforts against the privileges of America. When 
Zachariah Hood, himself a native of Annapolis, who happened to be in England at 
the time of the jiassage of the Stamp Act, and who obtained the appointment of 
Stamp Officer for Maryland, arrived on, or about, the 20th of August, 1765, in 
Annapolis, with his stamps, his vessel was met at the City Dock, by a number of 
citizens who forcibly resisted his landing, and drove away the King's officer with 
his stamps. The conflict was so sharp between the vessel's crew and the citizens 
that Thomas McNeir, one of the Annapolis patriots engaged in the mob, had his 
thigh broken by an iron belaying pin in the hands of one of the crew. The names 
of two other patriots who were in this first successful forcible resistance to British 
authority in America, have come down to us. They are Al)raham Claude and 
Charles Ferris. 

3. Hood made a clandestine landing shortly afterward, but the citizens burned 
down a house that he was building for the storage of his goods as a merchant, and 
so terrified him that he feared for his life, and caused him to flee to New York'State 
for safety. When he had resigned the oflice, he was permitted to return to Annap- 
olis in peace and to pursue his business. 



Paragpaph 1. fa) Who procpeded to the frontier from Anne Arundel after the defeat of Brad- 
dock? (b\ What did the delegates vote for during this war? (c) What prevented most of the 
bills from becoming effective? 

Paraobaph 2. (a) Where was Maryland in the initial opposition to British encroachments? 
(6) Wliat resistance did Anne Arundel give? (c) What happened when Zachariah Hood, the Stamp 
Officer, anive<i in Annapolis? {d) Name some of those who tooli part in resisting Hood's landing? 

Paragraph 3. (al Did Hood land? (b) What was burned then by the citizens? (c) What 
became of Hood? (d) When Hood resigned his office what was permitted liim? 



66 A HISTOKY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 

i. Housed to a fervid state of resistance to British encroachments from abroad 
upon their rights, the people of Maryland were scarcely less incensed at the per- 
sistent attempts by Lord Baltimore's Governor at home to filch from them their 
chartered privileges. The crisis came, when, in 1770, after the Legislature had 
refused to pass a new fee bill because the two Houses could not agree upon their 
terms, the Lower House favoring a reduction of officers' fees and the Upper House, 
several of whose members enjoyed the benefits of these fees, resisting. Gov. Eden 
issued proclamatiems settling the fees of the officers and i-alsing tlie tithes of the clergy 
from tliirty to forty pounds of tobacco per poll. The Lower House, elected by the 
Free Men of the Province, considered this a gross infringement of the i-ights of the 
people, for these fees and these tithes were in the nature of taxes, and, if not paid, 
their settlement was placed immediately in the hands of the Sheriff, who could, 
without further process, sell the debtor s property and make payment to the creditor. 

5. A bitter contest at once began, which progressed with unabated zeal irntil 
1773, when Gov. Eden dissolved the Legislature and appealed to the people. The 
elections were set for May. From the beginning of the year down to the day of 
election, the Maryland Gazette teemed with bitter and learned disquisitions upon 
both proclamations. Public interest centered upon two writers — one of which, under 
the title of "Antilon," defended Gov. Eden's course, and the other, under the name 
of " First Citizen," opposed the proclamations. These papers have become national 
in their history, and are splendid specimen's of diction, learning and classic vituper- 
ation. Daniel Dulany was Antilon, and Charles Carroll, of CarroUton, First Citizen. 
While the discussion was well-nigh even-handed in ability and cogency, the readers 
of that age and posterity have awarded the merit of victory to Carroll. The Lower 
House thought so well of his achievements that the members repaired in a bodj- to 
his house to thank Carroll for his defence of the rights of the people. At the elec- 
tions not a single member of the Lower House was chosen who favored Gov. Eden's 
policy — even Annapolis, the stronghold of the administration, sent opposition 
members. 

6. The boldest act of resistance to British usurpation was committed in Mary- 
land, in February, 1770. It should be remembered that this date was nearly four 
years before the "Boston Tea" party, and, unlike that emuete, was openly executed 
in solemn conclave assembled. In June, 1769, the citizens of Maryland had, by 
deputies, met in Convention at Annapolis, and had resolved that they would not 
import certain articles of British goods. In February following, the Brig Good 
Intent, Captain William Errington, arrived at Annapolis, from Loudon, loaded with 



Paeagbaph 4. (a) At what were the people scarcely less inscensed ? (6) When did the crisis 
come? (p) AVhat was the cause of this crisis? 

Paragraph 5. (a) What immediately began on the issuing of these proclamations? (6) With 
what did the Maryland Gazette teem? (c) Upon what did public interest centre? (d) What was the 
conduct of tlie Lower House to Charles Carroll, of CarroUton? (e) What was the result of the 
elections? 

Paragraph 6. (a) When was the boldest act of resistance to British usurpations committed? 
(b) How long was this before the Boston Tea Party? (c) What had the citizens of Mai-yland done in 



A HISTOUY OF ANNE ARUN-DEL COUNTY. 57 

British goods, part of tliem being interdicted articles. The Committee of Merchants 
from Anne Arandel, Prince George's and Baltimore counties immediately assembled 
and made a thorough examination of the matter, and, in the end, lesolvcd that, as 
the interdicted goods were so mixed with the unobjectionable part of the cargo, that, 
one could not be unloaded without landing the others, not one pound of the Good 
Intent's fifty thousand dollar cargo of British goods should be landed ! 

7. While the question was being discussed before the Committees, James Dick, 
the attorney for the agent of the Good Intent, asked the Committee these questions : 

" In what Vessel are they, (the goods), to be sent back, the Good Intent, Cap- 
tain Errington, being engaged by agreement, with Mr. Thomas Farrar, to load with 
wheat for Cork, upon doing which the brig enters upon his Pay ? 

"There are also Two Cargoes, or more, on board the Brig, shipt by other 
Persons than John Buchanan. 

"Is the Brig to keep those Goods on Board, or what is to be done with theniV 

" In what manner is the attorney of John Buchanan to be indemnified in taking 
u])on himself the conduct and management of the sending back of all the goods, pro- 
vided all the others concerned should refuse to trouble themselves, or take any charge 
of the goods, which is found to be really the case, several having refused, particularly 
Messrs. Ridgely and Goodwin, to be any concerned with them ? Is Mr. Buchanan's 
attorney to run the i-isk of his whole fortune without any indemnification ? 

" It must be observed that no partial entry can be made of the goods on board 
the Good Intent, the Custom House will not i-eceive sucli, the whole must be made ; 
and that many of the goods cannot be returned to England, without subjecting the 
ship and all on board to confiscation, of which you may be satisfied by application 
to the Collector." 

8. To these insistent questions the committees made this brief reply : "Gen- 
tlemen, we deliberated upon the subject matter before us with so much caution and 
attention, that no re-consideration can shake or alter our Opinion Already signified 
to you : As for the Reasons and Grounds of that Opinion, which you call upon us, 
for we shall give them in the Maryland Gazette ; and you will be pleased to take 
this as our final answer." The gentlemen interested then retired, and Mr. Anthony 
Steuart, a partner of Mi-. Dick's, returned with a letter. " To preclude at once, all 
evasion, alteration, so trifling," tlie letter was given back unopened to Mr. Steuart. 
The next day, February 10th, Captain Errington received a written letter, signed 
by Messrs. Dick and Steuart, to return to England. 

9. The Committee, in the next issue of the Gazette, gave its reasons at length, 
accjuitting some who had received goods by the vessel from any intention of 



June, 1769? (d) Wliat vessels arrived in February, 1770? (e) Wliat action was taken upon her 
arrival? 

Paraobaph 7. (a) What part did Mr. James Dick, agent of the Good Intent, take in this 
matter? 

Pabagrai'h 8. (a) What answer did the committees make to him? 

Pabagraph 9. (a) What did the Committees give in the next issue of the Gazette? (6) Who 



;)8 A IlIKTOliY OF ANXE ARUNUEL COUNTY. 

violating the agreemeut of the Association on the 23d of May, that no goods should 
be ordered until the 3Uth of June, when it could be determined, whether or not, the 
non-importation of goods could be generally carried into effect. The reasons 
assigned for allowing none of the Good Intent's cargo to be landed, were that the 
prohibited and non-prohibited articles were so " blended, mixed and packed " 
with each other that they ought not to be lauded. The Gazette adds that the 
Good Intent only awaited to take on sufficient bread for its return voyage to London 
with its cargo of ten thousand pounds. The members of the Committee from 
Anne Arundel were : Thomas Sprigg, Brice T. B. Worthingtou, John Weems and 
William Paca. So this brave deed was consummated in open daylight, without 
masks, and with the names of participants known to all the Province and by King 
George and his agents in Maryland. 

10. When the news of the blockade of the harbor of Boston reached Anuajjolis, 
a meeting of its citizens was called. On Wednesday the 25th of May, 1774, the 
people convened, when it was — 

" Kesolved, That it is the unanimous opinion of this meeting, that the town of 
Boston is now suffering in the common cause of America, and that it is incumbent 
on every colony in America, to unite in effectual measures to obtain a repeal of the 
late act of Parliament, for the blocking up of the harbor of Boston. 

" That it is the opinion of this meeting, that, if the colonies come into a joint 
resolution to stop all importation from, and exportation to, Great Britain, till the 
said act be repealed, the same will preserve North America, and her liberties. 

" Resolved, therefore. That the inhabitants of this city will join in an Asso- 
ciation with the several counties of this province, and the principal provinces of 
America, to put an immediate stop to all exports to Great Britain, and that, after a 
short day, hereafter to be agreed on, there shall be no imports from Great Britain, 
till the said act be repealed, and that .such association be on oath. 

"That it is the opinion of this meeting, that the gentlemen of the law of this 
province bring no suit for the recovery of any debt due from any inhabitant of this 
province, to any inhabitant of Great Britain, until the said act be repealed. 

"That the inhabitants of this city will, and it is the opinion of this meeting, 
that this province ought immediately to break off' all trade and dealings with that 
colony or province, which shall refuse or decline to come into similar resolutions 
with a majority of the colonies. 

" That Messieurs John Hall, Charles Carroll, Thomas Johnson, Jr., William 
Paca, Matthias Hammond and Samuel Chase, be a committee for this city, to join 
with those who shall be appointed for Baltimore Town, and other parts of this 
province, to constitute one general committee ; and that the gentlemen appointed 



were the members of the Committee from Anne Arundel? (o) How was this brave deed consum- 
mated? 

Pabagkaph 10. (a) When the new.s of the blockade of Boston reached Annapolis what was 
called? (5) What resolutions were passed at this meeting? (c) Who were appointed a committee 
from Annapolis to effect what the Association resolved upon? 



A HISTORY OF AXNE AlUSDEL COUNTY. oO 

for this city immediateh' correspoud with Baltimore Town, and other parts of this 
province, to effect such association." 

11. William Eddis, the English collector of customs of Aunapolis, writing to 
England, three days after this meeting, said : 

" All America is in a flame ! I hear strange language every day. The colonists 
are ripe for any measures that will tend to the preservation of what they call their 
natm-al liberty. I enclose you the resolves of our citizens ; they have caught the 
general contagion. 

" Expresses are flying from province to province. It is the universal opinion 
here, that the mother country cannot support a contention with these settlements, if 
they abide strictly to the letter and spirit of their associations." 

12. On the 22iid of June following, the committees appointed by the several 
counties of ^Maryland met at Annapolis. The delegates from Anne Arundel county 
and the city of Annapolis were — Charles Carroll, Esq., barrister, Brice T. B. Worth- 
ington, Thomas Johnson, Jr., Samuel Chase, John Hall, William Paca, Matthias 
Hammond, Samuel Chew, John AVeenis, Thomas Dorsey, Rezin Hammond. The 
Convention passed resolutions declaring Boston was suffering the common cause of 
America, and that, if the proposed Acts of Parliament, oppressive of the city of 
Boston, were passed, they would lay the foundation for the utter destruction of 
British America. The Assembly, also, passed resolutions declaring it to be the duty 
of the colonics to unite f(jr theii" protection ; to stop importations from and exporta- 
tions to Great Britain ; to join non-exportation and importation associations ; to agree 
to stop the same from the West Indies ; to allow indispensable articles to be imported ; 
recommending merchants to take no advantage of non-importation agreements ; to 
provide a relief fund for Boston ; thanked the friends of liberty iu Great Britain ; 
appointed a delegation to the Colonial Congi-ess ; threatened to break trade with 
any town or province in America that would not join their association ; and directed 
])ublicatiou of the resolutions in the Maryland Gazette. 

13. While the Province was in a state of patriotic indignation over the oppres- 
sive acts of tlie British Government, the brig Peggy Steuart, on the 14th of October, 
177-t, arrived at Annapolis, consigned to Th(jmas C. Williams and Company, having 
seventeen chests of tea on board. The committee for Anne Arundel immediately 
met, convening at three o'clock in the afternoon, and was then informed that the 
brig liad been regularly entered that morning, " and the duty on the tea paid to the 
collector by Mr. Anthony Steuart, one of the owners of said bi-ig." Four of the 
committee only were present, the other members from the county being at an 



Paragraph 11. (a) What did William Eddis, the English collector of Customs, at Annapolis, 
write three days after this meeting? 

Paragraph 12. (a) When did the delegates from the several counties meet, and where? 
(6) Who were the delegates from Annapolis and Anne Arundel? (e) What resolutions did the 
Assembly pass? (d) What delegation did the Assembly appoint? (e) What threat did the Assembly 
make? 

Paragraph 13. (a) What arrived while the Province was in a state of patriotic^ indignation? 
(h) What was done by the citizens and the committees? 



CO A llISTdliY OF ANNK AltUNDl'.L COrNTV. 

inaccessible ilistaiice. The town members, therefore, called a meeting of the citizens, 
to be held at five o'clock in the afternoon. The Provincial Court, being in session 
at Annapolis, a number of j)ersons from the counties of Anne Arundel, Balti- 
more and other parts of the Province, met with the citizens of Annapolis. The 
importeis, the captain of the brig, and the deputy collector of the port were called 
before the meeting and examined. The importers explained that the tea had been 
ordered in May and that only after a previous cargo liad been disposed of and no 
objection made. Captain Jackson, of the brig, under affidavit, declared that the tea 
was put on board without his knowledge. The meeting adjourned. At that time 
the ship had been regularly entered at the port. As no part of the cargo could be 
discharged unless all was, after the meeting adjourned, Mr. Steuart, the owner, 
pleading the leaky condition of the brig, and tifty-three souls on boai-d, where they 
had been for nearly three months, paid the duty upon the tea, " leaving its disposi- 
tion to the committee." 

14. A third meeting was held on the liJth of October, and the indignation 
of the peojiile was ver}' intense because the duty on the tea had been paid ; but, 
after much contention, it was agreed that the majority of the meeting would be 
satisfied if the owner burned the tea. This did not please the strong minority 
present, chieHy persons from the county of Anne Arundel outside the city of 
Annapolis. Amongst those who had been attracted to the city by the arrival of 
the Peggy Steuart with the tea, was Major Charles Alexander AYarfield, commanding 
what was called a "Whig Club," but was really the initial organization of a rebel 
military company, it having as early as 1772 paraded, at its drilling grounds one day, 
with the legend "Independence or death," placarded upon their caps. When the 
decision of the meeting became known, Major Warfield led his company to Steuart's 
residence upon Hanover street, and erected on a tree, in front of Steuart's house, a 
gallows. Steuart came out upon his porch and, with great indignation, denounced 
the company as rebels and threatened them with the vengeance of the King. When 
Steuart had ended his harangue, Major Warfield, pointing to the gallows, in a 
tone whose thrilling accents have been handed down the generations, calmly said : 
" Burn or hang !" Steuart immediately sent for Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, and 
together they went to the luirbor. Stewart entered a small boat and occupied a seat 
holding a lighted torch in his hands. Major Warfield, grasping another lighted 
faggot, took his place in the other end of the boat, in this quiet, but dramatic 
manner saying to Steuart, " Burn or I will." Mr. Steuart appliecf the fire, and, as an 
oflering and atonement to the offended patriotism of the people and an open 
defiance to the British Crown, the Peggy Steuart and the obnoxious tea chests were, 
in a few hours, reduced to ashes. 



Paragraph 14. (a) When was the third meeting held? (b) What was the sentiment of the 
people on the tea? (c) Who had been attracted to Annapolis by the arrival of the Peggy Steuart? 
(ri) What did Major Warfield command? (e) Describe this company? (/) Tell what incident hap- 
pened in front of Steuart's house? (g) What was done then by Steuart? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 01 

15. The people of Adds Anindel again ou the 18th of April, 1775, showed 
their opposition of British encroachments. On that day, the ship Totness, Captain 
Harding, belonging to Mr. Gildard, of Liverpool, having on boai'd a cargo of salt 
and dry goods, in coming np the bay, ran agronud near the Three Islands, at the 
mouth of West River. Upon this the committee immediately met, after considera- 
tion, determined she should proceed oil to Baltimore, her intended port ; but, 
before she could get off, highly resenting so daring an infringment of the Con- 
tinental Association, a uumljer of people met, went on board, and set the shijj on fire. 

16. Thus the people of Anne Arundel should ever remember that their ancestors 
in the open, long before regular hostilities commenced, executed three daring deeds for 
liberty — driving the Stamp OtHcer from Annapolis, in 1765 ; sending back the Good 
Intent to England with its prohibited cargo in 1770 ; and burning the Peggy 
Steuart and her olmoxious tea in 1774, and, in the same month and year that Con- 
cord was fought, and, before the news could reach Province, burnt the Totness for 
doing defiance to the resolutions of the Maryland Association of Free Men. 



CHAPTER TWENl'IETH. 



ANNAPOLIS BECOMES THE CHIEF CITY OF THE PROVINCF. 



1. Upon the removal of the capital to Annapolis, it became at once not only 
the chief town of the county, but it rapidly developed into the most important city 
ui the Province — a position it maintained until near the beginning of the American 
Eevolution, when Baltimore, the great metropolis of the State, began to assume the 
place of leading port and city of Maryland. 

2. The first State House was built in Annapolis in 1690, and a plat of the town 
was made by Mr. Richard Beard. The State House and the plat were both destroyed 
with many valuable records when this building was burned in 1704. 

3. An attempt was made in 1707 to burn Annapolis. Richard Clarke was the 
autlior of this plot. It created great excitement at the capital. Clarke was charged 



Pabaoraph 15. (a) What ship grounded in Apiil, 1775, at the mouth of West River? (6) What 
was done to this vessel? 

Pabaoraph 16. (a) What should the i)oople of Maryland ever remember of their ancestors? 

Paragraph 1. (a) Upon the removal of the capital to Annapolis, what did it become? (h) 
When was the first State House built at Annapolis? 

Paragraph 2. (a) Who made a plat of the town? {h) When were the State Houise and plat 
destroyed? 

Paragraph 3. (a) Who made an attempt to burn the town in 1707? (6) What bill was passed 
against Clarke? 



(I'i A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

with treason and a bill of attainder passed. He does not seem to have been apiDre- 
hended. 

4. On the lUth of August, 1708, Annapolis received its charter as a citj, that 
honor being granted it by the Honorable John Seymour, the royal Governor of 
Maryland. The City Council at that date was : Mayor — Amos Garrett. Eecorder — 
Wornell Hunt. Aldermen — Wm. Bladen, John Freemen, Benjamin Fordham, Evan 
Jones, Thomas Boardley and Josiah Wilson. 

5. The Lower House of Assembly considered that the power to erect cities and 
to grant charters was a pi-erogative that could be exercised only by the Crown itself, 
and when the delegates from Annapolis made their appearance at the September 
session of the General Assembly of 1708, that body, denying the authority of the 
Governor " to confer a charter to Annapolis, expelled the delegates elected under it." 
The Governor attempted to win the Legislature over to his views by conciliatory 
measures. The members of the Lower House were summoned to the Chamber of 
the Upper House, where they were addressed by the Governor, who disclaimed any 
intention to interfere with the rights and privileges of the Lower House in deter- 
mining the election of their own members ; but claimed for himself the competency 
to judge of his own prerogatives, and they were urged to return to their House and 
to rescind their resolution. In justification of their conduct the Lower House replied 
that the course that it had pursued was founded upon the complaint of some of the 
freeholders and inhabitants of Annapolis, who conceived that the charter affected 
their rights as freemen, and particularly so as to the privilege of voting for delegates ; 
that the right to erect cities was not expressly vested in the Governor, and ought 
not, therefore, to be exercised until the Queen's pleasure was known ; but that they 
would cheerfully concur with him in granting the charter, if all the inhabitants and 
freeholders of the place desired, and were secured in their equal privileges, to which 
they were entitled by the Laws of England, and if the public lands and buildings 
were secured to the uses for which they were purchased. The Governor thereupon 
dissolved the Assembly. 

6. The new Legislature would not grant the Governor the right to erect cities, 
and the first message of the Lower House to the Governor was this pertinent 
inquiry — "Would he inform the House if he had received any instructions from her 
Majesty authorizing the grant of charters and the erection of cities which were not 
contained in his commission?" The Governor briefly replied : — "That he had no 
doubt of his own right, and if the exercise of the power was unwarranted, he was 
answerable to her Majesty, and not to them." A conference was then held between 



Paragraph 4. (a) When did Annapolis receive its cliarter as a city? [b) Who granted this 
charter? (c) Who composed its city council? 

Paragraph 5. fa) Where did the Lower House consider the power to erect cities lay? (6) 
What action did the Lower House take when the delegates from Annapolis appeared in that body? 
(c) What did the Governor attempt? (d) To what place was the Lower House summoned? (e) 
What did the Governor say to them? (/) What did the Lower House reply? (g) What action did 
the Governor then take? 

Paragraph fi. (a) What did the new Legislature refuse to grant ? (/)) What inquiry did the 



A HISTOnV OF ANNE ARUJTDEL COUNTY. 63 

tlie two Houses, that terminated in a compromise, and in the passage of the Act of 
1708, chapter 7, b}- which the charter of the City of Annapolis was confirmed, but 
with certain resen-ations placed in it regarding the public buildings and with restric- 
tions of municipal power. The city was given two delegates, but they were to be 
" only allowed half the wages to the Delegates and representatives, as is and shall 
be allowed to the Delegates of the several Counties." 

7. The life and importance of Annapolis as shown in a kaleidoscopic view of 
the leading events in its histoij- : 

In 17'20, "A Prospect to Annapolis " was laid off on May 24th, and com- 
jn-ised two lots of ground, one called Durand's Place, the other Woodchurch's Eest. 
It lay on the North Side of Severn. 

In 1718, ten acres were laid off into half acre lots, and donated to tradesmen. 

In 1720, Mr. Edward Smith was granted 120 feet of ground in the City of 
Annapolis for a sawyer's j'ard. 

In 1726, AVilliam Parks, the Public Printer, established the first Maryland 
Gazette. This was printed only a short jieriod. 

In 1728, a lot was allotted for a custom house and a market. The present 
market house is on the same site. 

In 1736, the Legislature voted ^1,500 for a public school in Annapolis. 

In 1742, Gov. Bladen was empowex'ed to purchase two lots on which to build a 
Governor's Eesidence. Out of this came McDowell's Hall, St. John's College. 
When the building was partially completed, a political quarrel between the Governor 
and the Legislature cut ofl' the supplies, and the four walls lay uncovered for forty 
years, until St. John's College came in possession of the projjert}'. 

In 1745, Jonas Green began the second publication of the Maryland Gazette. 

In 1746, January 28th, the ship Aurora, Capt. Pickeman, from Holland, arrived 
at Anna])olis with nearly 200 Palatines, that is Germans. 

Ill 1747, the Rumney and Long, named after her builders, was launched at 
Annapolis. She could carry 70 hogsheads of tobacco. At this time the mami- 
faeture of ducking was extensively carried on in Annapolis. 

In 1749, Joseph AVilson and Isaac Wright were convicted of counterfeiting 
bills of credit of the Province. Wright turned State's witness, and Wilson broke 
jail after sentence of death. 

In 1751, two negro women were executed for burning down a toliacco house. 

In 1752, James Powells was hanged at Annapolis for burglary committed in 
Somerset County. The Gazette says he fainted at the gallows ; "on his coming to 
himself, he desired the executioner to make baste, and, amidst some private ejacula- 
tions, was turned oflF." 



Hou.se iiiakf of the Governor? (c) What did a conference between the two Houses terminate in? 
PARACH.vrH 7. (o) Name some of the principal events in the history of Annapolis from 1720 to 



A HISTOKY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 



lu 1753, several times this year a lai'ge wild bear was seen ou North Severn. 
He raided the farmers hog-pens and carried off various kinds of domestic animals. 

In 1755, Penelope House was twice whipped and stood in the pillory for shop- 
lifting. The French and Indians were drawing so near Annapolis in the excited 
imaginations of the citizens, that the town was fortified. November 18th, a shock 
of earthquake was felt. 

In 1755, one ship load of Acadians was landed at Annapolis. 

In 1756, a tannery was set up by Thomas Hyde. 

In 1757, several gentlemen left as volunteers to fight the Indians. 

In 1758, March 22d, a shock of earthquake was felt. 

In 1759, many dead bodies of men were found floating in the City Dock, 
supposed to have been thrown overboard by captains who did not wish to take the 
trouble of interment. 

In 1760, April 17th, a negro man named Bristol died whose age was 125. 

In 1771, Morris McCoy was executed for murdering his master, and his body 
was removed to Patapsco to a place near where he murdered his master and there 
hung in chains, on a gibbet in sight of the public road leading to the lower ferry on 
Patapsco Biver. 

In 1772, April 25th, a shock of earthquake was felt. 

In 1773, the national feeling was all aglow at this period. It was at that time, 
that the author of the letters signed "First Citizen," was publishing his papers 
defending the rights of the people of Maryland. He was unknown, but deep was 
the gratitude of the people. When it was discovered the author was Charles Carroll, 
so well known afterwanls as Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, he received many public 
proofs of the affection of the people for the services he had rendered. 

In 177J:, the elegant society- of Annapolis was at its height of development and 
tiie fame of it went abroad throughout all the colonies. 



CHAPTER TWENTY=FIRST. 



STRANGE ANTIC8 OF VISITING PEOVINCIAL COMMISSIONERS. 



1. A flavor of the times in Anne Arundel and a sample of the diction and 
orthography are given in the Journal of William Black, who was, in 1744 the 
Secretary of the Commissioners appointed by Governor Gooch, of Virginia, to unite 



(o) Where is found a flavor of the times in Anne Arundel in ITll? (6) On what 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 65 

witli the Commissioners from the Colonies of Pennsj'lvama aucl Maryland, to treat 
with the Sis Nations of Indians, in reference to lands west of the AJleganies. On 
]\Ia_v 11th, 1744, the Virginia Commissioners, on board the 3'acht Margaret, came 
to anchor before the City of Annapolis. On the Margaret coming into the harbor, 
flying the Jack, and Ensign, and Pennon, the sailors on the vessels in the harbor, 
concluded the visitor was the tender of a man of war, on a press gang expedition, 
and they began to flee to the shore or hide themselves in their vessels. The Com- 
missioners, on landing, were courteously received by several citizens of distinction, 
and " conducted to the first Tavern in Town, where they welcomed the Commis- 
sioners, and the (rentiemen of the Levee to Annapolis, with a Bowl of Punch and a 
Glass of Wine, and, afterwai'ds waited on us," says the Secretary, "to the House 
of the Honorable Edward Jennings, Esij., Seci'etary of the Province, where we 
dind very Sumptuously." 

2. These were days of courtly manners in Annapolis. Secretary Black, in his 
journal, gives this account of the next day's hospitalities : — "After Breakfast, the 
Gentlemen of the Levee Join'd the Commissioners at Esq. Jennings's, in order to 
Accompany them to the Governor's, where they were to Dine, having received an 
Invitation the Afternoon before. We were received by his Excelleney (Gov. Thomas 
Bladen), and his Lady in the Hall, where we were an hour Entertained by them, with 
some Glasses of Punch, in the intervals of the Discourse ; then the Scene was changed 
to the Dining Room, where you saw a plain proof of the Great Plenty of the 
Country, a Table, in the most Splendent manner, set out with a Great Variety of 
Dishes, all serv'd up in the most Elegant Way, after which came a Dessert no less 
Curious ; Among the liarities of which it v.-as Corapos'd, was some fine Ice Cream 
which, with the Strawlierries and Milk, eat most deliciously. After this Repast 
was over (which, notwithstanding the great Variety), show'd a face of Plenty and 
Neatness, more than Luxurj- or Profuseness, We withdrew to the Room in which 
we was first Received, where the Glass was push'd briskly round, sparkling with 
the Choicest Wines, of which the Table w^as Replenished with a Variety of Sorts." 

;i The Secretary gives an interesting pen portrait of Governor Bladen and his 
wife. He wrote in his journal that " His Excellency, the Donour of the Entertain- 
ment, is in his Person inclining to the larger Size of Men, Straight and Well- 
proportioned, a Manly Face and Sanguine Complexion, seem'd Complaisant and free, 
of a Good Deal of Humor in Conversation ; be had not a little Wit, and is allow'd 
to have a Claim to Good Sense, and every other Qualification Requir'd to Compleat 
a Gentleman ; his Stature and Deportment is much becoming, and adds not a little 
to the Dignity of his Office. His Lady is of middle Size, Straight made. Black 



(lid the Commissioners come to Annapolis? (c) What did the sailors think the yacht was? {d) How 
did the sailors act? (e) How were the Commissioners received by the people of Annapolis? 

Paraobaph 2. (a) What hospitalities were shown the Virginia Commissioners the next day? 
(6) Give an account of the entertainment at the Governor's? 

Pabagkaph 3. (a) Can you give the pen portrait that Secretary drew of Governor Bladen's 



66 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

Hair, and of a Black Complexiou luueli pitted with small-pox, but very agreeable, 
and seems to have a great Stock of Good Nature, as well as Wit ; she is a passionate 
Admirer of the Game Whist, which she is reckn'd to play admirably well ; she is, 
by Birth, a French Woman, tho' not addicted to the Foppery of that Nation in 
Appearance." Mrs. Bladen was not an exception in the women of that period who 
had their good looks marred by small-pox. This was a common scourge to the 
beauty of the ladies of that age. 

4. From the Governor's entertainment, about in four the afternoon, the Com- 
missioners proceeded to the General Assembly, and, from this visit Secretary Black, 
gives a very partial and prejudiced view of a body of men which, in all periods of 
its colonial history, were marked for the intelligence, integrity and patriotism of its 
constituent members. The Secretary states that the Assembly was in a debate on 
the division of a county, "but Order and Decorum, which Justly Regulated is 
always a great Addition to the Augustness, as well as Honour and Credit, of any 
Public Body, was not to be Observed in this House ; Nothing but a Confus'd Multi- 
tude, and the Greater part of the meanor Sort, Such as make Patriotism their Plea, 
but Preferment their Design, and that not for the Honour but the Profit." This 
statement was written under the goad of the knowledge that the Lower House 
would not agree to make provision for funds for the Indian negotiations, by reason 
of being then engaged in trying to remedy the iniquitous collection of the 12 
pence tonnage on tobacco illegally collected from them under an obsolete law, and 
was on the threshhold of the great quarrel with Gov. Bladen, on account of his 
illegal assessment of the one pound tobacco tax, and which led to the refusal of the 
Assembly to complete the Governor's Mansion, now McDowell Hall, St. John's 
College, Annapolis, and which, since that dav, has been known as " Bladen's 
Folly." 

5. Secretary Black wrote that Annapolis "consists of a great many Good 
Buildings, but very Irregular, they covered a good deal of Ground, which is 
Peninsulated, the River running almost round it. Excepting a little Isthmus joining 
it to the Continent ; the Principal Buildings is the Stadt-House', the Council- 
house-, and the Free School House', three very good Houses standing in the 
Middle of the Town, on the top of a High HilP, overlooking the Town ; the 
Foundation of a very fine House Designed for the Governor^ was laying on the 
East side of the Town." 



personal appearance? (6) Can you describe the appearance of Mrs. Bladen? (c) What was the 
scourge of the beauty of the ladies of that period? 

Paragraph 4. (a) From the Governor's entertainment to what place did the Commissioners pro- 
ceed? (6) What was the view that Secretary Black took of the Assembly? (c) For what were the 
members of the Legislature marked? (d) Under what goad was Secretary Black's description 
written ? 

Pakageaph 5. (a) Of what did Annapolis consist at this time? 

* 1. state House, 2. The building now occupiprl by tbo State Boord of Education. 3. King William's School. 



A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 67 

6. In adJition to a dinner given them bj the Clerk of the Council, Mr. Boss, 
the Governor and other gentlemen of Annapolis provided a ball for the entertain- 
ment of their guests. The Ball was held " in the Council Koom. where most of 
the Ladies of anj Note in the Town was present, and made a very Splendent Appear- 
ance ; in a lloom, back from where they Danced, was several sorts of Wines, Punch 
and Sweet-Meats ; in this Koom, those that was not Engag'd in any Dancing Match, 
might either Employ themselves at Cards, Dice, Back-Gammon, or with a cheerful 
Glass ; the Commissionei-s amus'd themselves till about 10 o'clock, and then went 
home to their Lodgings. The ladies were so very Agieeahle, and seem'd so Intent 
on Dancing, that one might have Imagin'd they had some Design on the Virginians, 
either Designing to make Tryal of their Strength and Vigour, or to Convince 
them of their Activity and Sprightliuess. After Several smart Engagements, in 
which no Advantage on either side was Observable, with a Mutual Consent, about 1 
of the clock in the Morning, it was agreed to break up, every Gentleman waiting on 
his Partner home." The next day another ball was given the Commissioners, and, 
the day following, the Commissioners left festive Annapolis, at noon, sailing up the 
liay, but making little progress, as the wind was light and the tide against them. 

7. Whether the frivolities of Annapolis had left its effects upon the visitors, or 
it was their jovial natures that induced the part}' to indulge in practical pranks, can 
not be discerned at this distance of time, but certain it is that they acted on this 
voyage far from the grave behaviour of diplomats in this day maintain. Their 
Secretary relates that " towards the Going down of the Sun, seeing a Boat and 
Canoe a J^ishing Inshoar, we hail'd them, with, 'have you got any Fish' which 
they returned with, ' have you got any Rum;' we answered, 'yes, will you come 
on board and Taste it ;' then they unty'd and made Directly for Us, but was very 
much Surpris'd with the manner of Reception they met with, which was as follows : 
We had the blunderbush ready loaded, and Stil'd on the side they were to board 
LTs ; Littlepage, who was to act the part of Man of Wars Lieutenant and was 
accoutred with four Loaded Pistols, and the like number of Swords, which, with his 
lac'd hatt and Romantick Countenance, made an ap'nce much like another black- 
beard ; several more of our Company was Arm'd with Drawn Sword & Cockt 
Pistole ; several pistoles, three fowling Pieces Loaded, and some Drawn Swords 
lying in view on a Table on the Maindeck ; in this Manner was we Equip'd and 
Stationed, ready to receive the poor fishermen, when they came near enough to 
obsen-e our Postures, itc, they immediately lay on their Oars & Paddles with no 
small concern to know what we was, but, on a little time, the Ebb Tide drawing 
them along side, (which they did not observe being so surpriz'd) Littlepage ask'd 
tiiem in a Sailorlike manner : ' If they would com^e on board and Serve his Majesty,' 
to which the}' made no Reply, but kept gazing at us like so many Thunder-struck 



Pabagkaph 6. (a) In addition to the dinner given tliem by the Clerk of the Council, what was 
provided for the entertainment of the guests? (6) Describe the ball? (c) How did the ladies prove? 
(d) What was given the next day? (e) When did the Commissioners leave Annapolis? 

Paragraph 7. (a) In what did the visitors indulge after they left Annapolis? (b) Describe 
their strange conduct? 



68 A HISTOIiY or .\NNE AliUNDEL COUNTY. 

persons ; ;it liist with a Discliarge of our Great Gun and small Arms, Flourish'g our 
Swords round our heads, we desir'd them ' to come on board Directly, else we 
woiild Sink them ;' on heariug of which, as if Recover'd fi-om a Trance, they call'd 
out to one another, with marks of the Greatest fear Imaginable, in their Counte- 
nances ; 'pull about! pull about! for God's sake!' with all Eargerness possible 
they Sett to pulling and paddling as if pursued by a Spanish privateer, on which 
calling to hawl up the Bardge, and Man her, it being done Littlepage & my Self, 
got in with each a pair of Pistols and a Sword, and made directly after them, on 
which, they did mend, (if possible) their Strokes, pulling for life directly for the 
Shoar. 

8. " Now and then one or other of them would look behind, & then cry out, 
' pull away, pull away, or we are all taken ;' at last they gained the Shoar, and so 
soon their Vessels struck Ground they got their Jackets on their Shoulders, &, 
without the least care of them, made directly for the Woods. 

'J. " To have seen Us pursueiug, hollowing, and brandishing our Swords, & them 
flying with their whole might, one time looking behind them to see how near we 
were, then before them to see how far they were from the Shoar, was a Scene 
Sufficient to Create pleasure and a Laugh in Gentlemen less Blyth and Gayly 
dispos'd than the Honorable Commissioners or any other of their levee ; on their 
gaining the Land, we turn'd and lay on our Oars (it being all we wanted to Surprise 
them a little,) which, as soon as the fear and terrible concern they wei'e in, allowed 
them time to look behind and observe, they Rallied. Seeing this, and being now on 
Terra iirma, in some measure freed from that dreadful Appi'eheusion of serving his 
Majesty, they opened on us all at once, like so many Hounds on a warm Scent, 
calling us ' a parcell of * * * , if we would only come ashoar Man for Man, 
they would teach us what it was to Fire Guns at People, and fright them in so 
unaccountable a manner ;' after Exchanging a little Billingsgate with them, we 
returned on Board, where we found the rest of our Company very much pleased with 
the Adventure." 



Paeagkaph 8. (a) What cry did the frightened flshermon mal£e? (6) What did the fishermen 
do as soon as tlieir vessels struck ground? 

Paragraph 9. (a) What was the invitation that the fishermen gave when they had been freed 
from their apprehension of serving his Majesty? (ft) What did Secretary Blaoli and his party 
exchange with the fishermen? (c) How did tlie rest of the company of Virginians feel over the 
incident? 



A HISTOItV OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUN'l'Y. 



CHAPTER TWENTY-SECOND. 



■THE ATHENS OF AMERICA." 



1. The decade, immediately preceding the American Kevolution, was the golden 
age of Aunapolitau history. Annapolis was at this period the most famous, highly 
cidtivated and superlatively gayest city of the American Plantations. Nor was its 
patriotism exceeded by any section of the Colonies. 

. 2. On the sturdy stock of Puritanism, there had been grafted, by successive 
emigrations, many a gallant scion of the best blood of England, and when, in 1694, 
the capital of the Province was removed from St. Mary's to Annapolis, there came 
with it a coterie of settlers who formed a Court party with all the arts and refine- 
ments of European life, accentuated with the inirigucs of political science and 
olBcial position. The Governor's entertainments led tlio local festivities and gave 
tone and zest to recij)rocal hospitalities. The elegant homes of these gay aud 
wealth}' people, a dozen or more of which still remain in all their capacious pro- 
portions, show the opulence and lu.\ury in which they lived. 

3. Here the Legislature met ; here were held the sessions of the County Court, 
the Provincial Court, the high Court of Chancery, and the Court of Appeals ; here 
the establislied clergy met in holy convocation ; here were the residences of the 
Governor and many of his highest officials ; here his counsel convened. The 
presence of these official bodies brought together the best legal minds of the 
colony, with those who sought place or pursued pleasure, and with King William's 
School, which, for nearly a century, had been distributing the benefits of liberal 
education upon the capital, created a community of pre-eminent culture and superior 
refinement. The learning of Eton and Clare, in England, and of St. Omer in France, 
had been laid at his feet in the erudition of its leading advocates at the bar. Con- 
stantly adding to this foundation by an earnest aud insistent attention to public 
afi'airs both at home and in "the mother country," this learning, culture, and ability 
earned for Annapolis, throughout all the Colonies the appellation of "The Athens of 
America." Its women, shared in the glories of the Maryland capital, for by their 
elegant manners, varied accomplishments, and unsui-passed charms and graces, they 
gained for their city the twin title of "The Paris of America." In this famous 



Pabagbaph 1. (a) What was thfi golden age of Anuapolitan History? (6) What was it at this 
period? 

Pabagbaph 2. («) What came with the removal of the capital to Annapolis? (6) What did 
they form? (c) What arts and refinements did they have? (d) What led the local festivities? (e) 
What remain in all their capaoious proportions? 

Pabagbaph 3. [a) What public bodies met at Annapolis? (6) What did these gatherings 
bring together? (c) What did King William's School distribute? (d) What earned for Annapolis 
tlie title of the Athens of America? and what the title of tlio Paris of America? 



70 ■ A HISTOKY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

epoch of its interestiug aimals, its life of fashion and frivolity, of culture and 
refinement, reached its height of broadest development. Wealth gave leisure and 
promoted education ; education and leisure created a longing for refined and dissi- 
jjating pleasures. 

4. The presence of a large number of officials, some of whom had come from 
" merrie England," and had imported its pleasures, its learning, and its refined 
follies with the native invention of the Province, had produced a lengthened reportoire 
of social amusements, while the emoluments of office, and the proceeds of succes.sful 
trade and of productive plantations provided the means to gratify the taste of these 
gay and cultivated devotees of fashionable festivities. The theatre flourished in its 
highest art ; the race-track blended excitement for the upper and lower strata of 
pleasure seekers ; the weekly newspaper disseminated local, provincial and foreign 
news ; the ball-room and its elegant and costly entertainments drew together a 
refined and beautiful company of women and learned and handsome men, whose 
society was sought by the great Washington who often came to Annapolis to enjoy 
the delights of an unending programme of excitements and amusements. 

5. The only place in the Province — nor was its peer to be found in any of the 
American colonies — that offered worshippers at the shrine of Fashion the oppor- 
tunity to gratify a refined and cultivated desire for the intensest social functions, 
Annapolis had now become the rendezvous of a learned and dissipated society. The 
very lack of mental effort, suggests Mr. McMahon, the want of useful and energizing 
employment, and the wealth that lay at their command — the richest man in America, 
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, with his two millions, residing there at this period — 
begat a longing for these trivial pleasures, which they named enjoyment, because 
it relieved " the ennui of the moment by occupation." Thus the gaiety, the 
culture, the cleverness, and the very intellect of the Pi-ovince, from potential causes, 
were gathered here. Its lawyers came to the Courts, the judges to the Bench, the 
clergy to the convocations, the delegates to the House of Burgesses, the Councillors 
to the Council, and even the planters, whose tobacco had brought them fine revenues, 
journeyed, with their families, to the capital to spend the winter amidst the excite- 
ments and festivities of the General Assembly. These lordly people built- costly and 
elegant houses as their homes, and furnished them in a style corresponding to their 
magnificence. 

6. The staple export of the Province — tobacco — brought back to the colony, in 
exchange for its superior quality, the luxuries of the foreign markets. Troops of 
black slaves, obedient and capable, supplied the house with perfect service ; lumber- 



Parageaph 4. (a) What had the presence of a large number of ofiBcials produced? (b) What 
festivities flourished in Annapolis? (c) What disseminated news? (d) Who often came to Annapolis 
to enjoy its festivities? 

Pakagraph 5. (a) Was its peer to be found in any of the American colonies? (ft) What had 
Annapolis now become? (c) Who resided there at this period? (d) What was gathered here? (e) 
What did these lordly people build and how did they furnish their homes? 

Paragraph 6. («) What did the staple export of the Province, tobacco, bring back to the 
colony? (ft) How did these favored people travel and live? 



A HISTOKV OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 71 

ing equipages, or old and rickety stage coaches, generally drawn by splendid horses, 
bore the colonists about the country, while, in the city, the sedan chair, carried by 
lackeys in rich liveries, was the luxurious car of the queens of the house. These 
favored people sat on carved chairs, at curious tables, "amid piles of ancestral 
silverware, and drank punch out of vast, costly bowls from Japan, or sipped Madeira, 
half century- old." 

7. Three-fourths uf the dwellings of the city gave evidence of the wealth and 
refinement of the people, while the employment of a French hair-dresser, by one 
lady, at a thousand crowns a year, was a suggestive outcropping of that wealth and 
luxury which made Annapolis the home of a gay and haughty circle of social and 
official autocrats. Commerce flourished, its merchants imported goods in ships from 
every sea, and its enterprising citizens made special eflbrts to induce men of all 
crafts to come and settle in their midst. 

8. Nor was the element of evil wanting in this dwarfed prototype of a Europen 
capital. Youth, wealth, beauty, learning, fashionable frivolities soon chastened the 
rigors of the primitive virtues of the settlers of Providence, the pious and original 
name of Annapolis, that its Puritan founders gave it, into the refinements of conti- 
nental manners ; yet while these fascinating and dangerous attractions produced a 
soft and luxurious coterie of mendicants at the feet of social and official autocracy, 
they did not create the fame of Annapolis, for, although the lustre of its festivities 
and the beauty and elegance of its women, whose charms and manners rivaled the 
graces of the most polished and beautiful women of the mother-country, were 
bruited throughout the Provinces, it was for its learning and culture that the little 
city on the Severn was best known amongst the thirteen colonies. 

9. Though it is true, " her pleasures, like those of luxurious and pampered 
life in all ages, ministered neither to her happiness nor her jjurity," yet, that manli- 
ness of character that the Englisli chronicler of its life, at that epoch had noticed, 
marked the liearing of even the humblest of its people, and its citizens, at the first 
call of the Revolution, responded to its demands by the exhibition of the highest 
attributes of human nature and the loftiest aspirations of unalloyed patriotism. 

10. This picture of Annapolis would want its best and brightest coloring, and 
the right to its title of "the Athens of America," would be clouded if it were not 
written that, in this city of pleasures, of Courts, Conventicles, of Assemblies, and 
of proud and valiant men, were the best lawyers of America — the Jenningses, the 
Carrolls, the Chalmers, Rogers, Hall, the Chases, the Johnsons, and the Dulanys, 



Pahaoraph 7. (a) Of what did three-fourths of the dwellings of the city give evidence? (b) 
Wliat incident gave pi-oof of its luxury and wealth? (c) What flourished at this period in 
Annapolis? Id) What special effort was made by enterprising citizens? 

Paraobaph 8. (u) Wliat was not wanting in this dwarfed prototype of a European capital? 
(h) What did these attractions produce? (cj What created the real fame of Annapolis? 

PaKACtRAPH 9. (aj What marked the bearing of even the humblest of its people? (6) How did 
lliey resi'ond to the first call of the Eevolution? 

Paragraph 10. (o) What would the picture want if it were not written that the city had in it 



72 A HISTOUY OF ANNK ARUNDEL CODNTY. 

for almost all of them went in pairs, with father aud sou at the bar together — 
Dulany, the younger, with his opinions courted by the Bench at home to aid them 
in elucidating the law, and asked even fi-om the great metropolis of London, domi- 
nating them all. 

11. From the lawyers sprang the real fame of Annapolis. It was gay, but it 
halted in its gayety the moment that the call for earnest work was made. It was 
learned ; it was jDatriotic ; it was capable ; it rose in sacrifice, from steep to steep, 
as the trumpet-note of patriotism sounded for greater and more dangerous enter- 
prises for the sake of American liberty. At every advance, the lawyers were in the 
forefront — they were always on the outposts of freedom, to give warning of danger 
to the liberties of the people ; their clarion tones were constantly heard calling to 
battle ; they led the conflict in field and forum. 

12. It was to such a community and in such a city — quick to hear; nervous in 
thought ; cultivated in the highest culture of the colonies ; jealous of its rights ; 
used to severe struggles with the wilderness and battles royal with their autocratic 
proprietary nilers ; that the lawyers of Maryland, or rather of Annapolis, for here 
the legal talent of the State was gathered, spoke. It was not surprising that the 
profound polemics in which the lawyers of Maryland engaged — " Considerations " 
upon the Stamp Act aud the ministerial policy towards America, and the arbitrary 
endeavor of Gov. Eden to make revenue laws over the head of the General Assembly, 
by Executive Proclamations — produced results that thrilled the patriotic blood in 
the veins of the hearers, and, as they talked in the ball-room, at the theatre, on the 
race-track, at the Cofi^ee House, in the Legislature, and which reverberating in the 
Courts, sent contagious sentiments throughout the American colonies. Indeed, 
when the First Stamp Act had been repealetl in 1766, and Pitt had delivered his 
speech founded upon the arguments that Daniel Dulany of Annapolis had furnished 
him in his "Considerations why England should not tax America," the rejoicing 
Philadelphians toasted that patriotic Annapolitan, as "the Camden of America." 

13. The stately and handsome residence of Gov. Paca still stands a memento 
of this grand epoch in Annapolitan history. The garden that surrounded it in aute- 
Eevolutiouary days, more than any other spot in the capital, indicated the delightful 
life of Annapolis, aud that yet lingered after the Revolution, though feeling then, 
under the new regime, the symptoms of decay. The spring-house, the broad 
expanse of tree, the octagonal two-story summer-house, that rejjreseuted " My 
Lady's Bower," the rippling brook, fed by two springs of water, that went cheerily 
along to the bath-house, that refreshed in the sultry days and gave delight to the 



the best lawyers of America? (6) Name some of these lawyers? (c) Who dominated the lawyers? 

Paeageaph 11. (a) From what sprang the real fame of Annapolis? (6) Who were in the fore- 
front of the Revolution? 

Paeageaph 12. (a) What was the character of the community to which the lawyers spoke? 
(h) What did their profound polemics produce? (c) Who furnished Pitt with his arguments in 1766 
on the repeal of the Stamp Act? 

Pakagkaph 13. (a) What stately and handsome residence more than any other spot indicated 
the delightful life of old Annapolis? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 73 

occupants of the splendid old dwelling, form a ijicture upon which tradition loves to 
dwell, and which is clearly written on the annals of departed glories in the i-emains 
fif the great walls that lies scarce hidden under the march of modern improvements. 

14. Time would fail to tell of Aunt Kitty Smith's famous cook shop, where her 
delicious pastry was made ; the curious records of old St. Anne's ; the high debates 
in the Assembly ; the days of King William's School ; the shipyards ; the patriotic 
town meetings ; the lordly banquets to distinguished visitors and honored sons ; the 
splendid battles the General Assembly made for the liberties of the people ; the 
grand polemics published in the Gazette ; its poets and its belles — they all linger 
and hallow its streets and history — graceful decorations of a delightful and 
departed age. 

lo. These stately houses that yet exist, these great names that will ever live 
give to Annapolis the intensest charm to those who live to dwell in thought upon the 
careers, ambitions and successes of the great aud patriotic. Annapolis now needs 
nothing in its annals to make it the lawful legatee of all that is ancient, honorable 
and delightful in American history. Its patriotism was intense ; its culture broad ; 
its statesmanship wise ; its women lovely ; its life gay, happy and progressive. 
Not only are many of its homes adorned with the wrinkles of an honorable old age ; 
but its statelj' houses and winding strecits have their ennobling traditions, and recall 
the daj' when, in the beliefs of the age, many a family had its familiar spirit, and 
many a dark corner its wandering ghost or goblin. 



CHAPTER TWENTY-THIRD. 



A QUAINT INCIDKNT THAT LED TO IMl'OUTANT RESULTS. 



1. The constant efforts of the Proprietary Government, immediately previous 
to the Revolutionary War, in making encroachments upon the rights of the 
people of Maryland, had succeeded in absorbing not a few of the privileges of its 
citizens. There were patriotic spirits alert, however, to these denials of right, and 
they determined to bring these lost immunities to the attention of the people. 



PAKAdHArH 14. (a) What still linger and hallow the streets and history of Annapolis? 

PAHAtiitAPH 1.5. (a) What gives to Annapolis its intense charm? (b) What does Annapolis need 
to make it the lawful legatee of all that is ancient, honorable and delightful in American history? 
(c) With what are many of its homes adorned? (d) What have its stately houses and winding 
streets, and what do they recall? 

Pabaoraph 1. (a) What had the constant efforts of the Proprietai-y Government succeeded in 
absorbing? (h) ^V^lo were, however, alert? {c) What did they determine to do? 



74 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COl'NTV. 

2. At tli<\t time, previous to the year 1770, when it was demolished to make 
room for anotlier, there hung in the second State House a portrait of Queen Anne, 
in whose hands was a scroll containing the charter of the city. This was most 
approj:)riate, as the charter was given the city in the reign of Queen Anne, and, 
after her, the city had been named. Age and dust had rendered illegible the 
words of the charter. One morning the charter was found cleaned, and, at the 
feet of Queen Anne, a coffin, covered with a pall, lay. 

3. This strange spectacle was soon noised abroad in the city, and the keeper of 
the State House, who was in the secret, gave public notice that, on a certain day 
and at a certain time, he would lift the pall and open the coffin to ascertain what 
was in it. A large company of citizens assembled at the appointed hour upon the 
State House Hill. 

4. The pall, at the time selected, was lifted and the coffin opened. In the 
casket was found a copy of the charter of the city. In the assemblage were the 
chief actors in the civic drama. The charter of the city was, thereupon, read to the 
public, amidst the delight and applause of the citizens assembled, who were enthu- 
astic over the discovery of their ancient rights and privileges. The incident created 
such a profound impression upon the people, that it roused the government to action 
and these lost rights were restored to the public. 

5. The authors of this forcible petition for the restoration of these chartered 
rights were Samuel Chase, William Jennings and one of the noted family of Brice. 



CHAPTER TWENTY-FOURTH. 



ANNE ARUNDEL DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 



I. All of the acts of the great body of the people of Maryland, in the initial 
throes of the Revolution, and up to within a few days previous to the Declaration of 
Independence, when the Convention of Delegates gave authority to their represent- 



Pabagbaph 2. (o) What hung in the second State House? (6) What was in Queen Anne's hand? 
(e) Wliat had rendered the words of the charter illegible? (cl) What was found one morning? 

Parageaph 3. (a) What was soon noised abroad in the city? (b) What public notice did the 
keeper of the State House give? (c) What assembled at the appointed hour? 

Pahagbaph 4. (a) What was then done? (6) What was found in the casket? (c) Who were in 
the assemblage? (d) What was read to the public? (e) How did the citizens receive this reading? 
(/) What did the incident create? (p) To what did it rouse the government? (h) What did it 
restore to the people? 

Paeagbaph 5. (a) Who were the authors of this forcible petition? 

Pakagbaph 1. (a) What had been acts of the great body of the people of Maryland in the 



A m.STORY OK ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 75 

atives iu the Continental Congress to vote for that announceraent, had been aimed 
to preserve their rights as colonies of England, and had not been done in the 
interests of separation from the mother-country. In this spirit the deputies from 
Maryland met at Annapolis, on May 24th, 1774, and amongst their acts resolved 
that "we acknowledge King George the third, as our lawful sovereign," and, in the 
same series of resolutions, further resolved, " That the formation of militia be con- 
tinued, and subscriptions for the same be levied by the several counties." 

2. An effort was made in September, 1775, to require those citizens of 
Annapolis who had not signed the articles of Association, to " quit the city, as 
enemies to the essential interests of America." This was easily defeated in the 
public meeting held on the subject. In the latter part of 1775, private correspond- 
ence began to be examined by the Provincial authorities, for, in Annapolis was set 
up the novelty of a dual civil government — each acting under separate authority — 
the Governor by virtue of the warrant of the English Proprietary, and the county 
committee commissioned by the people. Annapolis became daily more and more 
deserted ; some leaving from fear of a bombardment of the city ; others on account 
of the distressing times, bad markets and a general scarcity of money ; tradesmen 
and mechanics abandoned their homes and retired from the vicinity of navigable 
waters. Agriculture in the county was neglected, the voice of peaceful industry was 
hushed, and, in time. King William's School was converted into an arsenal, and 
military science became the universal study of the hour. 

3. The committee of observation for Annapolis and Anne Arundel county was 
most exacting in its efforts to preserve the conditions of their associations and con- 
ventions. In June of 1775, Thomas Chipchase, a butcher of Annapolis, was called 
before the committee in answer to the charge of killing several lambs. This was 
contrary to the articles of the Maryland Convention, for the wool was wanted for 
clothing. Chipchase, on pleading his ignorance of the prohibition, and the scarcity 
of provisions, coupled with the promise to take care not to offend again, was par- 
doned of his offence. 

4. On the 28th of June, 1775, Captain Charles Henzell, of the Ship Adventure, 
informed the committee of Annapolis, that his vessel, with goods on board, had 
cleared for Maryland, his cargo consisting of two hundred dozen porter, one hun- 
dred pipes in packs, 2,000 weight of cheese, and forty-two chaldrons of coals — 
Winchester measure ; also, about seventy passengers, including servants. The 
captain testified, under oath, that unfavorable winds prevented him from landing at 



initial tliroes of Revolution been aimed to preserve? (6) Wiiat resolution did the deputies of Mary- 
land pass on May 24th, 1774, at their meeting in Annapolis? 

Pak.\gkaph 2. (a) What effort was made in September, 1775? (b) What began to be examined 
in the latter part of 1775? (c) What novelty was set up in Annapolis? (d) Who constituted these 
two governments? (e) Describe the condition of Annapolis at this time? (/) What was neglected? 

Pakagraph 3. (a) In what were the Committee of Observation for Annapolis and Anue 
Arundel County exacting? (6) Who, and for what, was he called before the Committee? (c) Why 
was Chipchase pardoned? 

Pahagkaph 4. (a I What information, on June 28, 1775, did Captain Charles Henzell give to the 



/() A HISTORY OF ANNE AliUNDEL COUNTY. 

Madeira, whence he intended to sell his goods. The committee refused him per- 
mission to unload his goods, but permitted the passengers to be landed. 

5. A meeting of the inhabitants of Annapolis and Anne Arundel County was 
held, on September 12, 1775, at which eight members of the State Convention was 
present. The meeting resolved, that Samuel Chase, Thomas Johnson, John Hall, 
William Paca, B. T. B. Worthington, Matthias Hammond, Charles Carroll, barrister, 
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Captain William Hyde, Kezin Hammond, John 
Bullen, Captain Richard Fostell, John Weems, Joseph Galloway, Stephen Stewart, 
John Thomas, Thomas Tillard, Maraiaduke Wyvill, Thomas Watkins, son, Thomas 
Dorsey, John Dorsey, son of ^lieliaL'l, Edward (laither, Jr., Caleb Dorsey, Richard 
Stringer, Dr. Charles Alexander Wartield, John Burgess, John Davis, Benjamin 
Howard, Elijah Robinson and Thomas Hammond, or any seven or more of them 
be, and they are hereby appointed a committee of observation for this county for 
a term of one year. Charles Carroll, barrister, Thomas Johnson, Jr., Samuel 
Chase, William Paca and Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, were elected delegates to 
represent the county in the State Convention. The next day the county committee 
elected Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Brice T. B. Worthington, Captain William 
Hyde, Matthias Hammond, Dr. Richard Fostell, John Bullen and John Thomas as 
a committee to say what suits might be brought in the courts, and selected the same 
with the exception of John Bullen and John Thomas, as a committee of correspond- 
ence for the county. Each Committee was to serve one year. 

6. No point was uncovered in the efforts of the patriotic people of Anne Arundel' 
to protect their rights and themselves. On January 21st, 1776, the Council of 
Safety " Resolved, That Messrs. Launcelot Jacques, Charles Wallace, William Hyde, 
Allen Quynn, James Brice, William Whetcroft and Beriah Marybury, or any three of 
them, be requested to make a chart of the land and water at the mouths of this 
(Severn) river, si3ecifying the width and depth of the channell between Horn Point 
and Greenbury's Point, and some distance without and within the same." The 
chart was returned on the 16th of March, and the Convention appropriated 5,900 
pounds to fortify Annapolis. The Council of Safety desiring a larger sum, it was 
given an unlimited order to complete the fortifications and to build a number of 
"row-gallies or gondolas." Fortifications were then erected on Horn Point, Sea- 
man's Hill, and AVind Mill Point. Breastworks were thrown up at other places. 
Indeed, from Wind Mill Point on the Severn, where the Naval Academy Seamanship 
Building now stands, to the new Naval Academy Ai-mory, was one continuous line of 



Committee of Annapolis? (6) What did the Committee refuse? 

Paragraphs, (o) What meeting was held on September 12th, 1775? (h) What resolution did 
the meeting pass? (c) Who were elected to represent the county in the State Convention? (d) 
What committee was appointed the next day? 

Paragraph 6. (a) How did the people of Anne Arundel act to protect their lights and them- 
selves? (b) What resolution did the Council of Safety make on January 21st, 1776? {/■} How much 
was appropriated to fortify Annapolis ? (d) What order was afterward given the Council of Safety;, 
(e) Ou what other Points were fortifications erected? (/) Where was there a continuous line of 
breastworks? (g) Under whose management were these forts erected? 





An Annapolis Officer of the Maryland 
National Guard. 



A HISTOUY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTV. 77 

eartli works. These forts were erected with great celerity under the direction of 
James Brice, John Bullen, Charles Wallace, William Wilkeus, Beriah Marybury, 
John Brice, John Campbell, Joshua Frazier and Allen Quynu. 

7. During these preparations the minds of the people of Annapolis reached a. 
high tension of alarm at an expected attack by British vessels. On May 5th, 1776, 
information was received at Annapolis that a man of war was coming up the bay 
and at no gi-eat distance from the city. Mr. William Eddis, who was present, says 
" the consternation occasioned by this information exceeds description. The night 
was tempestuous ; extremely dark ; and the rain descended in torrents ; notwith- 
standing wliicli, many persons began to remove their effects ; and the streets were 
quickly crowded with carriages laden with furniture and property of various kinds. 
A little reflection must have made it evident, that, without violent provocation, hos- 
tilities would not have commenced, and, at all events, that timely notice would have 
been given previous to any bombardment." 

8. Gov. Eden, desirous of removing tiie apprehensions of the people, made 
immediate application to the Council of Safety of the County, and proposed to send 
a Hag of truce on board His Majesty's ship, the moment she made her appearance 
or came to anchor oft' the harbor. Tlie ofter was accepted with a suitable acknowl- 
edgment, and when, on the 7th of May, the British sloop Otter, Captain Squires, 
arrived and anchored between Magothy and the Bodkin, Mr. Eddis, the English col- 
lector of the poi-t, was sent on board the ship with a flag of truce, witli a letter from 
the Governor, to which a satisfactory answer was returned. 

9. Tiic Otter captured a ship loaded with wheat and flour, and several other 
])rizes ; but these, whilst in charge of the Otter's tenders, were re-captured by the 
Defence, under Captain Nicholson. The Otter stood by and offered no assistance to 
her consorts. 

10. The life of Annapolis at this period was most intense in its strain of 
inartial excitement. Gov Eden was permitted to remain at Annapolis, though 
power had passed from his hands. Mr. Eddis, the collector, was not considered a 
member of the Governor's household, and was fined ten pounds for being in 
Annapolis, though he was treated with great personal courtesy ; but there were 
many who did not view with favor the presence of enemies in their midst. The 
Council of Safety had agreed that people who had not joined the Association, 
should not be banished from the Province. Contrary to this, notice was given to a 
number of citizens that they must leave the city by 9 o'clock the nest morning. 
The papers were signed, "J. Weems," in behalf of Anne Arundel county. The 
Council of Safety convened, and resolved that this action was contrary to the 



Pabagbaph 7. (a) What was expected of the people of Annapolis at this time? (6) What 
information was received at Annapolis on May 5th, 1776? (c) What scene followed this information? 

Pakarbaph 8. (a) What application did Governor Eden make to the Council of Safety? (ft) How 
was tlie offer received? (d) Who was sent on board the ship, and with what result? 

Pabagbaph 9. (a) What was captured by the Otter? (6) Who captured these vessels? 

Pabagbaph 10. (a) Wliat was the life of Annapolis at this period? (6) Who was fined ten 
pounds for being in Annapolis? (c) To what had the Council of Safety agreed? (d) Contrary to this 



78 A HISTOBY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

resolves of tlie Continental Congress, the Maryland Convention and the bill of 
rights. John Weems, who signed the cards, and Stephen Stewart, Jr., who deliv- 
ered them, were called before the Council of Safety, where they acknowledged their 
conduct in the matter, and were dismissed without further proceedings upon the 
promise that they would not intermeddle any more in such matters. 

11. Annapolis, the centre of the State Government, felt every pulsation of the 
Revolution. Here most of the political movements and martial preparations of the 
State had their initiative, while, when the conflict was in progress, the ships of the 
enemy hovered on the coast of the city and county, and the fleets of the ally of 
America repaired to its chief harbor, and the troops of France and the Colonies 
again and again passed and re-passed through the city. 

12. The Associators, of Annapolis, William Eoberts, President, and John 
Duckett, Secretary, were most energetic in supporting the State in its operations of 
war ; they resolved (on July 11, 1776), that every citizen should aid in the con- 
struction of the fortifications ; that preference on public works be given to those 
who had joined the associations, and that no Associator should deal with a non- 
associator. At this period there were sis companies of Col. William Smallwood's 
famous regiment, stationed at Annopolis, four companies of which a few months 
later saved Gen. Sullivan's army at Long Island from destruction. 

13. On Fi'iday, March 21, 1777, Thomas Johnson, the first Governor of Mary- 
land, elected by its people, was inaugurated at Annapolis, with imposing civil and 
military cer-emonies. At 9 A. M., on Thursday, the 21st of August, a considerable 
fleet of British men of war, transports and other vessels passed the mouth of the 
Severn and stood up the bay. Immediately after the fleet had passed Annapolis, 
Governor Johnson issued a stirring proclamation, calling on a portion of the 
militia of the State to march to the Susquehanna. During the winter of 1777, 
Gov. Johnson raised a new brigade of the Maryland Line, placed himself at the 
head of it, and marched to the assistance of General Washington, near Philadel- 
phia. In 1778, Count Pulaski's legion of cavalry and infantry was organized in 
Annapolis. Maryland furnished a portion of the reci-uits to this oi'ganization. 

14. The city of Annapolis was atfected not only with military matters ; but 
internal troubles, connected with the war, constantly agitated it. In 1778, a con- 
siderable number of citizens met in public assemblage, with Charles Carroll, of Car- 



what was done? (e) What aotion was then taken by the Council of Safety? 

Paragraph U. (n) What did Annapolis feel? (6) What caused this state of feeling? 

Paragraph 12. (a) Who were most energetic in supporting the State in its operations of war? 
(6) What was resolved that every citizen should do? (e) Who were to be given preference on the 
public works? (d) Who were stationed at Annapolis at this time? 

Paragraph 13. (a) Who was inaugurated Governor on March 21, 1777? (6) What passed the 
mouth of the Severn on Thursday, the 21st of August, 1777? (c) Immediately upon the passage of 
the fleet what did Governor Johnson issue? (d) What did Governor Johnson raise? (e) Who had 
command of the brigade and to whose assistance did it march? (/) What was organized at 
Annapolis in 1778? 

Paragraph 14. (a) What public Assemblage was held in 1778? (b) What resolution was made? 
(c) Why was Lawrence allowed to remain in the city? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ABUNDEL COUNTY. 79 

rolltou, ill the cliiiir, and resolved that John Lawrence, a citizen of Pennsylvania, 
" ought to depart the city, and not return without the permission of the Governor 
and Council," for having made threats of violence, and for attempting to put them in 
execution, against Gov. Johnson, for carrying into execution against Lawrence, 
a law that obliged the Governor to require Lawrence to take an oath of allegiance to 
Maryland, or be fined, imprisoned, or return to his own State. On the certificate of 
his illness by Dr. Murray, Lawrence was allowed to remain in the city until he could 
be removed with safety. 

15. The year 1780 was one of interest in the city and county. The Chesa- 
peake froze from shore to shore ; persons crossed on the ice every day from Kent 
Island to Annapolis. The Gazette, that was now printing only a half-sheet a week, 
was burned out on the 4th of February. It was able to issue its paper shortly 
after the fire, and entered largely, in its correspondence, into the discussion of the 
question of confiscating the property of British subjects. On November 7th, Major 
Cxeneral Xatlianiel Greene and Major General Baron De Steuben, with their suites, 
arrived in Annapolis, on their way soutiiward, the former to relieve General Gates 
of the command of the Soutiiern troops. On September 8th, the news of the death 
of Baron De Kalb who fell at Camden, leading the Maryland Line in a charge, was 
received at Annapolis, where it created profound son-ow, for here he was personally 
known, and loved for his many virtues and patriotic services to America. Congress 
resolved, in October, that a monument should be erected at Annapolis in memory of 
this gallant all}- of America. The debt was due one hundred years before it was 
paid by tlie unveiling, on August 16th, 188(5, of the beautiful statue of De Kalb, 
chiseled and cast by Ephraim Keyser, of Baltimore. 

16. In March, 1781, Annapolis was blockaded by the British sloops of war 
Hope and Monk. These prevented the French troops, then at Annapolis, from 
reaching the head of the Elk. The people of Annapolis were greatly alarmed, and 
were desirous of retaining the French at Annapolis ; but General Lafayette's desti- 
nation was the head of the bay. Securing a small sloop, Lafaj'ette placed two 
eighteen pounders on it, and sent it forth under the command of Commodore Nich- 
(jlson. The British, it is supposed, thinking that such courage came from having a 
larger force available, dropped down the bay, when Lafayette proceeded to the Elk, 
making a transportation of his troops in one day that, by, land, would have taken 
ten. 

17. On July 18th, 1781, a meeting of the citizens of. Annapolis was held in 
reference to the new issue of 200,000 pounds paper money that the General Assem- 
bly had just made in aid of war expenses. The citizens resolved that the issue was 



Paragraph 15. (a) What incidents of interest occurred in Annapolis in tiie year 1780? (6) 
What news created profound sorrow in Annapolis? (c) What resolution did Congress pass? (d) 
When was this monument finally unveiled? (e) Who was the sculptor? 

Pak.\graph If), (a) What vessels blocljaded Annapolis in March, 1781? (h) What ruse did 
General Lafayette employ to make the enemy's ships drop down the bay? 

Paragraph 17. (a) For what purpose was a meeting of the citizens of Annapolis held ou July 
18, 1781? (t( What resolution was passed? 



Hll A HISTDIiV OF ANNE AHUNDEL COUNTY. 

necessary ;iucl to the real interest of ever^- citizen of the State, who was determined 
to prosecute the war in defence of his property and libei-ty, and to exert every efibrt 
to support the currency. A committee, consisting of James Brice, Jeremiah T. 
Chase, Allen Quynn, Frederick Green, Nicholas Maccubiu, Jr., Samuel H. Howard 
and Thomas Harwood, were appointed to attend to the conduct of the associators, 
and to see that none broke faith with the other. A man v/ho did, was deemed to 
be infamous, and dealing with such a one after he had done it, was to be con- 
sidered dishonorable. 

18. The scenes at Annapolis at this period was most animating. At one day's 
notice, 2,300 militia assembled here from Baltimore, to meet an expected attack of 
the British fleet. Washington was now on his march from New York to Yorktown. 
Regiment after regiment of that magnificent Maryland Line of the Revolution was 
recruited and organized at Annapolis, and sent to the front. French frigates sen- 
tinelled the mouth of the Severn ; and thousands of troops, French and American, 
passed through the city on their way to Y^orktown. The recruiting was under the 
direction of that intrepid soldier, Major-General William Sraallwood. On August 
28th, the Third Maryland, under Col. Peter Adams, left the city for Y'orktown, and, 
on SejDtember 7th, the Fourth Maryland, under Major Alexander Roxburg, marched 
from Annapolis to join Lafayette at Yorktown. All was zeal and ardor in Mary- 
land — a State that never flinched from its duty from the beginning to the end of the 
Revolution. Annapolis was the focal point in its patriotism and preparation. On 
the 12th of September, transports with the artillery, the grenadiers, and the Light 
Artillery of the Allied Armies, arrived from the Head of the Elk, en route for James 
River. On the 18th, 4,000 French troops, with a train or artillery, marched into 
Annapolis, from the North, on their way to join Washington in Virginia. At the 
mouth of the Severn rode the Romulus, the Gentile and several other French 
frigates. The very air was martial and tlie inspiring scenes in the busy and throb- 
bing little city prophetically forshadowed the final victory of the Revolution. 

19 The news of Cornwallis's surrender reached Annapolis on Saturday 
evening, October 20th, the day after his capitulation. It was communicated by 
Count de Grasse in a letter sent by express to the Governor. The citizens hailed 
the news with acclamations of joy and volley's of artillery. On Monday afternoon, 
en fue de Joie was fired by the "red artillery," and "selected militia," and, in the 
evening, the ancient city was brilliantly illuminated. 



Pakageaph 18. (a) How were the scenes at Annapolis at this period? (b) Describe some of 
these scenes? (c) How did the State of Maryland act in the Revolution? (d) What place was the 
focal point of its patriotism and preparation? (e) What arrived in tlie city on September 12th, 1781? 
(/) What rode at the mouth of the Severn? 

Paeagraph 19. (a) What news reached Annapolis on October 20th, 1781? (b) Who brought 
the news? (c) How was this news received by the citizens? 



A HISTORY OF ANXE ABUNDEL COUNTY. 81 



CHAPTER TWENTY-FIFTH. 



A REVOLUTIONARY FIGHT IN ANNE ARUNDEL. 



1. Oue action alone, in the Revolutionary War, took place in Anne Ai-undel 
County. This was at Chalk Point, on West Eiver, on the 31st of March, 1781. A 
party of the enemy from the British ships. Monk and Hope, lying oti' Annapolis, 
proceeded up West liiver, with the intention of destroying the property of Mr. 
Stephen Steward. When they arrived at Chalk Point, about a mile from Mr. 
Steward's, led by a runaway negro slave, they found a sis-pounder, with sis men to 
man it. These, supposing that the approach of an enemy, must come, necessarily, 
from the front of the Point, had not noticed the British boat until it had rounded 
the Point, and were too close to the American party for it to make use of their 
cannon, the enemy being, at their discover}, within a few yards of the shore, and a 
considerable distance in the rear of the guards. The Amei-icans challenged the 
British, who answered that they were : "Friends to Congress from Annapolis." 

2. Notwithstanding this patriotic reply, the guards had their suspicions suffici- 
ently aroused as to the truth of the reply as to fire on the boat with their small arms. 
Scjrae of the pieces of the guards missing fire, a part of them, frightened at the 
nunibei-s of the British, immediately ran away. The British returned this fire of 
the Americans with a furious volley from swivels and small arms. Unfortunately 
for that portion of the American party who remained at their post of duty, those 
who had tied, can-ied with them all tlie ammunition. In this situiition, with the 
enemy's force consisting of three large barges, full of troops, the Americans, now 
but sis or seven in number, retreated to Mr. Hanison's place, where they expected 
to make a stand. 

3. The British proceeded to Mr. Steward's, where they burned a ship of twenty 
tons, which would have been ready to launch in three or four days. They, also, 
burnt the dwelling house of Mr. Steward, with several store-houses and most of the 
furniture of his residence. With the store-houses were destroyed many articles used 
for building ships and for other business purposes. Tools, timber and private 



Pabagraph 1. (a) How many engagements took place in the Revolutionary War in Anne 
Arundel Connty? (6) Where did this occur? (c) What was the occasion of this encounter? (d) 
What was placed on Challj Point? (e) What mistake did the party on Chalk Point make? (/) 
When the Americans discovered the British why could not the Americans use their cannon? [g] 
When the Americans challenged them what answer did the British make? 

Pabagkaph 2. (a) At this reply what did the guards do? (6) How did some of the guards 
act? (c) What did the British return to the fire of the Americans? (d) What was unfortunate for 
the American guards that remained at their posts? (e) What was the enemy's force? {/) AVhat 
was now the number of the Americans? {g) To what place did the Americans retreat? 

PABAGBAPH3. (a) To whosc house did the British proceed? (6) What did tlieyburu? (c) 



82 A HISTOIIY OF ANNE .UiUNDEL COUNTY. 

papers were likewise consumed by the flames. The expected stand was not made 
by the Americans at Mr. Harrison's, for the British passed through his place 
unmolested and unmolesting. The destruction of the ship was, probably, the main 
object of the expedition. At the shipyard near Mr. Steward's, a number of cannon 
liad been mounted, but the British avoided the place where the cannon were located, 
apparently being well informed as to the situation of the country. 



CHAPTER TWENTY-SIXTH. 



LEADING EVENTS IN ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY FROM THE REVO- 
LUTIONARY AVAR TO THE WAR OF 1812. 



1. Two charges against the King, George the Third, in the Declaration of 
Independence, arose at Annapolis — one protecting, by a Court of Admiralty some 
marines who had killed two citizens, and for quartering five companies of soldiers 
on the town to support in 1757. 

The citizens of Anuapolis were enthusiastically patriotic during the Eevolu- 
tiouary War. 

Large bodies of troops were quartered in the town during that period, and 
often the city was stirred by the presence of distinguished generals en route to 
the war. 

After the victory of Yorktown, General Washington, passing on his way north, 
turned aside to accept a reception tendered him at Annapolis. 

2. The leading events in Anne Arundel County from the Revolutionary War to 
the War of 1812, were : 

1783. December 23rd, Washington resigned his military Commission to Con- 
gress, then in Sessicm in the Senate Chamber. 

1784. February 14th, the treaty of peace was ratified by Congress sitting at 
Annapolis, with Great Britain. 

1785. The Convention of Five States met at Annapolis to form a more perfect 
Ui\ion. From this came the Convention of 1786, that perfected the Union of States. 

1785. St. John's College was established. 



Did the .\meiie^ns make their expected stand at Mr. Harrison's? (rf) What did the British avoid? 

Paraubaph 1. (a) What two charges in the Declaration of Independence against the King 
arose in Annapolis? • (h) Who were entliusiastically patriotic? (c) What often stirred the city? 
(rf) Who liad a reception iu Annapolis after the Kevolutioiiary War? 

Pahagkaph 2. (a) Name some of the leading events in the history of Annapolis from the 
Revolutionary War to the War of 1812? 



A HISTORY OF A\NE AliUNDEL COUNTY. 83 

1791. Maicli 25tb, President Washington visited Annapolis. 

1787. A stage route was established between Baltimore and Auiiapolis. The 
coach rail three times a week to Baltimore and three times to Annapolis. 

1788. Annapolis had a large foreign trade at this period. The Gazette, in one 
issue, mentions the arrival of seventeen vessels, one vessel from each of the follow- 
ing places : Barbadoes, Limington, Demarara, Aux-Cays, Amsterdam, Dublin, St. 
Croix, Salem, Belfast, Port-au-Priuce, Charleston, St. Bartholomews, Rhode Island 
and Norfolk, and three from New York. 

1789. Annapolis was in the he^'-day of horse racing at this period. The 
Jockey Club of Annapolis was the then patron of the track. 

1790. This year the citizens of Annapolis celebrated Washington's birthday. 
Washington loved Annapolis, and its people venerated him. 

1798. In January, the Lodge of Ancient York Masons, installed at their lodge 
room in Annapolis, and all who had entitled themselves to the Amanda Lodge, 
assembled to celebrate St. John, the Evangelist. 

1800. On Sunday, January 28th, the Almshouse, a large colonial building, in 
Annapolis was burned. Saturday, February 22nd, was made by the Governor's 
proclamation a day of mourning, liumiliatiou and prayer on account of tlie deutli of 
General Washington. 

1803. On Saturday, Sejjtember 15th, there was giveu a dinner at Mrs. 
I'rcpd 1,1 it's Sjiring, Annapolis, where a discussion of politics followed by candidates 
for the Ijegislature. This is the first notice found of the present political barbecue. 

180-1. On October 31st, the Frigate Philadelphia was captured in the harbor 
of Tripoli. John Ridgely, of Annapolis, was surgeon on this vessel. Dr. Ridgely 
was taken to Trij)oli with other prisoners. He was commanded, under pain of 
death, to come out and cure the Bey's daughter. He ministered to the sick woman, 
and she recovered. The Bey then offered his daughter to the young American 
surgeon. He declined this honor. He then tendei'd tlic tVin dum of the city to Dr. 
Ridgely. The Doctor declined the liberty thus (ilVcicil, unless jiis brother otiBcers 
had the same ])rivilege. This the Bey granted. Wlicn Dr. Itidgely returned home, 
the Bey gave him many presents, and when he had resigned from the Navy, and 
had accepted the post of minister to Tripoli, the Bey gave him a summer house to 
live in. Dr. Ridgely returned home and married his Annapolis afBaneed. 

180.5. The Farmers' Bank of Annapolis was incorporated in this year. 

1807. The citizens, in public meeting, denounced the attack of the British 
Frigate Leopard on the U. S. Ship Chesapeake. 

1808. Fort Severn was begun in this year. Horn Point was also fortified. 
This fort was named after Congressman Van Horn who presented to (yongress the 
memorial of the city authorities to have the town fortified. 



84 A HISTORY OF .\NNE ARUKDEL COUNTY. 

3. The period of the war of 1812 was one of alarm, dissension and excitement 
in Anne Arundel. Two parties were arrayed against each other with all the bitter- 
ness born of political strife, intensified by the clash of arms before their ver}' doors, 
and for which one side bitterly accused the other of being the needless author. 
The Federalists of Maryland were sympathizers with England in the war and bitter 
opponents of the policy of the Kepublican, or Democratic, administration. The 
democrats were intense haters of everything British, and were the firm and loyal 
supporters of Congress and the President in the prosecution of the war. Peace 
meetings were held in the county. Peace tickets were voted for at the elections, and 
the Gazette, the organ of the Federalists, rang with violent denunciations of the 
President, the results of the war, and the republican party generally. The Mary- 
land Republican, a democratic paper, was equally furious in the defence of the war. 
Jehu Chandler, its editor, was rewarded for his zeal by an office. During these 
bitter debates Mr. Chandler was attacked and knocked down in the streets of 
Annapolis. 

4. While these denunciations of the war and the administration were in pro- 
gress, Annapolis was turned into a military camp, and its citizens were constantly 
excited by expectations of attack and by calls to arms, as the enemy frequently 
appeared before its harbor. On April 19th, 1813, the citizens of Annapolis heard, 
at an early hour, a discharge of cannon from Fort Madison and the drum beating the 
call to arms. Several privateers had arrived in port announcing that they had been 
pursued by the British Blockading Squadron. The people reported to their mili- 
tary stations with a i^romptness that did credit to their courage and patriotism. 
The public records were removed from Annapolis, boats were pressed into the 
service of the State, and Major Charles S. Ridgely hastened to the city with his 
command. Several companies of militia were called out, but their services were not 
required. During these trying times William Ross, of Annapolis, was charged 
with making, with treasonable design, bad cartridges for the soldiers. 

5. In May, 1813, a British sloop went aground on Thomas' Point. The 
patriots of Annapolis were anxious to burn the ship, but the Governor prudently 
prevented the design, as five British frigates lay near to avenge the deed. The 
Governor was charged in print with having said he was glad when the sloop finally 
floated off. This led to a great war of words, but the evidence failed to support 
the charge. 

G. On the evening of August 3d, 1813, three of the enemy's ships came up the 
bay and anchored within three miles of Annapolis. Nineteen other vessels stood a 



Paeaoeaph 3, (a) What was the peril of the War of 1812 in Annapolis? (b) Who were 
arrayed against each other? (c) Who favored the war? {(I) Who opposed it? (e) What was held 
in the county, and what tickets were voted for? 

Paeageaph 4. (n) Into what was Annapolis turned? (6) What did the citizens of Annapolis 
hear on April 19th, 1813? (c) What information had several privateers brought? (d) To what 
places did the people report? (e) What military preparations were made? 

Paeageaph 5. (a) What went aground on Thomas' Point in May, 1813? (6) What did the 
patriots of Annapolis desire to do? (c) Who prevented it, and why? 

Paeageaph 6. (a) What came up the bay on August 3d, 1813? (b) What preparations were 




A St. Joliii's Cadet. 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 85 

short distance below, aud were distinctly visible from the State House. Every 
preparation was made to meet the expected attack. A large body of the drafted 
militia was in town, with detachments of regulars and volunteers, all under the 
command of Col. Carbury. Most of the families of the city fled to the country, 
taking with them the principal part of their goods, and the town assumed the air of 
a military post awaiting the immediate onset of the enemy. The scenes in a few 
days became more martial. Two 74's and one 64, seven other ships, frigates and 
sloops of war, and three tugs of the enemy passed up and lay between Hackett's and 
Sandy Points. One large frigate anchored immediately opposite Annapolis, and 
another two miles farther down. Below Tolley's lay two 74's, two other frigates, 
and a number of smaller vessels, tugs, schooners, and tenders. There were con- 
stant calls to arms in Annapolis, and the town was in a vigilant state of feverish 
excitement awaiting attack. The forces of the city were augmented by the arrival of 
Captain Morris, of the frigate Adams, who was given command of both forts. He 
brought with him a large body of prime sailors. Capt. Miller came from Wash- 
ington with a detachment of marines, and Capt. Getzendauner, from Frederick, with 
a company of riflemen. In the midst of this martial and patriotic array, the Gazette 
continued to make vindictive attacks upon the war policy, and peace meetings were 
held all over Anne Arundel. In the latter part of August, the British squadron 
sailed down the bay, and the excitement subsided. 

7. Internal dissensions continued after the departure of the enemy. From 
their chord of sympathy with the British, the Federalists despised Napoleon. 
When he fell, they rejoiced, and, at Annapolis, they celebrated his downfall by a 
bancpxet in the city on the loth of Januar}-, 1814. A large concourse of gentlemen 
from different parts of the State and from the District of Columbia, having assembled 
for the celebration, they formed, at noon, at the City Tavern, and marched to St. 
Anne's Church, headed by a band of music, "where," says the sympathizing 
chronicler of the event, " the throne of grace was addressed in an appropriate manner 
by Rev. Mason L. Weems, and an oration pronounced by the Hon. Robert Goodloe 
liarper, replete with political knowledge and the eloquence of truth." 

8. The distaste which the democratic and republican portion of the community 
felt for these proceedings, was shown by the boys disturbing the ceremonies in the 
church by throwing stones at the windows and making other violent demonstrations, 
whilst men in tlie gallery expressed their opposition to the services by behaviour 
that added to the general confusion. Major Alexander Stuart, commanding a 
detachment of United States troops, stationed in the city, ordered the national flag 
to be lowered to half-mast, and minute guns to be fired, to show his regret at the 
discomfiture of Napoleon. 



made? (c) Describe the preparations, and how did the scenes become? (d) What other vessels 
appeared? (e) What American forces airived in Annapolis? (/) In the midst of this martial and 
patriotic array what did the Gazette continue to do? 

Pakagraph 7. (a^ What continued after the departure of the enemy? (6) Who celebrated, 
in .innapolis, the fall of Napoleon? 

Paragraph 8. (a) How did the democratic portion of the city and Major Stuart of the U. S. 
Army show their distaste to the proceedings of the banquetters? 



8() A HISTOKV OF A\NF. AIU'NDEL COUNTY. 

'J. "After tLe performauees at the church were over," the compauy, joined by a 
number of sympathizing members of Congress from Washington, who had just 
arrived, formed in a procession and marched back to the City Tavern, and tlien to 
the Assembly Rooms, where a sumptuous repast was enjoyed. J. C. Herbert, 
Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates, presided at the banquet. The toasts 
were to the Union of States, to Blucher, and to the coalesed powers of Europe. 
Tlic last was : " May Bonaparte never receive more agreeable despatches from this 
ciiiiiiliv than the toasts of this day." After dinner, w^hen nearly half the company 
had ii'tired, the remainder formed themselves into a procession, and, headed by a 
band of music, marched through several of tin- |)iiiui]ial stivets. While thus 
marching, the procession was met by a mob, and assailc.l with rlnbs, brick-bats and 
other miscellaneous weapons. They, however, said tlif triuiiiphaiit Gazette, "turned 
tables on the ringleaders and inflicted upon them summary punishment." 

10. During these martial times Fort Severn was partiallj' manned by a volun- 
teer company from Annapolis, composed of its best citizens. Amongst these were 
Dr. John Ridgely, formerly surgeon in the United States Navy and Minister to 
Tripoli, and his brother Richard Ridgely. Nicholas Brewer, served as Paymaster 
in the Federal Army, and was stationed at Auuapolis, and his son, later Judge 
Nicholas Brewer, was a lieutenant, and took part in the disastrous battle of 
liladensburg. 

11. The city of Annapolis was once more menaced, and on June 29th, 1814, 
several captures of American vessels were made by the British lying ofl^ Plumb 
Point, about thirty miles below Annapolis. On July 9th, the British Frigate 
Narcissus, accompanied by a schooner and two smaller vessels, passed Annapolis 
going up the Bay, and four days later returned with twelve bay craft as prizes. 
Again the proximity of the British turned Annapolis into a military post. In 
August the British ships appeared ofi" Annapolis, and on Sunday, September 18th, 
between sixty and seventy sail passed in sight of Annapolis, while moving down 
the bay. Tlie battle of North Point had been fought and Fort McHenry unsuccess- 
fully assailed. On February 15th, 1815, the news of peace arrived at Annapolis, 
and, on the 22nd, the city celebrated the welcome intelligence. The town was 
brilliantly illuminated, the joy of the people was unbounded, all former political 
differences were buried, all past dissensions forgotten, and all was "peace and good 
will towards men." In the midst of this brilliant spectacle, stood the State House, 
conspicuous for its elevation and fiery splendor. The great rotunda was decorated 
with a full length portrait of Washington, suspended from the centre of the inner 
dome, which, ornamented with numerous tasteful devices, made an illumination 
both brilliant and magnificent. 

Pabaghaph 9. (a) After the performances at the Church were over what events occurred? 
(6) What was the last toast of the banquet? (o) What happened as the banquetters marched 
tlirough the streets? 

Pakaokaph 10. (a) How was Fort Severn partially manned during these martial times? 

Paragraph 11. (a) When was the city of Annapolis once more menaced? (6) Into what was 
Annapolis again turned? (<•) When did sixty or seventy of the enemy's ships pass down the bay? 
(rf) What had been fought and what unsuccessfully assailed? (e) What arrived at Annapolis on Feb- 
ruary 15th, 181.5? (/) How did the city celebrate the welcome intelligence? 



A HISTOKY OF AXXE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVENTH. 

ANNAPOLIS A CENTRE OF NATIONAL INTEREST. 



1. The city of Annapolis, from the French and lutliau War to the present time, 
has been a place of colonial and national interest. The bold stand that the people 
of Maryland took in meeting the aggressions of Lord Baltimore in the French and 
Indian ^Yar, and the intrepid conduct of the Maryland Legislature in resisting the 
attempt to filch taxes illegally fi-om them attracted the attention of both the 
colonies and of England to the courageous character of the people of Maryland. The 
treatment of Hood, the stamp officer, must have introduced the people of Annapolis 
most favorably to the people of all the colonies. The Eevolutionary record of the 
State won the laudations of the chiefest of Americans, on whose shoulders fell the 
heaviest burdens of the struggle, and who deeply felt the aid he always so timely 
and generously received from the citizens of Maryland. Annapolis and Anne 
Arundel were foremost in these practical patriotic demonstrations. After the Kevo- 
lution, always held in atfectionate remembrance b}^ Washington, Annapolis beqame 
an object of national interest by the necessity of having it strongly fortified, as it was 
the rear door to the capture of Washington by an opposing force. Presidents often 
visited Annapolis, and thus, close to the national capital, the city soon fastened its 
hopes, after unsuccessfully seeking to be the national capital itself, upon the coveted 
prize of the proposed Naval Academy being located in its midst ; and, as early as 
1826, the Maryland Legislature passed a resolution asking that the institution be 
established here. Many have been the interesting national and local events that 
have occurred in the little city on the Severn. A summary of the leading ones 
from the peace of 1815 to the establishment of the Naval Academy in the city in 
1845, are : 

1816. A British Frigate arrived at Annapolis, March 16th, with the British 
Minister aboard. The Frigate saluted the town and the Citj' Battery returned the 
salute. President Madison visited Annapolis in March. 

1817. A steamboat, the Surprise, now regularly ran between Baltimore and 
Annapolis. 

1818. Elforts were made in this year to remove the capital to Baltimore. 
Sunday Schools were opened in Annapolis in April. 



Paragkaph 1. ia) From what poriod has Annapolis been a place of public interest? (6) What 
attracted the attention of tlie Colonies and England to Maryland? (c) What did the revolutionary 
record of Maryland win for her? (d) Who held' Annapolis in affectionate remembrance? (e) What 
action did the Maryland Legislature take in 182G? (/) To what city is Annapolis the rear ioor of 
its capture? (g) What leading events have occurred at Annapolis? (h) Can you name some of the 
leading events in the history of Annapolis from 1815 to 1815? 



88 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

18'21. The Act of Assembly was passed that provided for the buildiug of the 
present Court House. 

1822. Party local names at the city election this year were " Caucus " and 
"Anti-Caucus." Caucus won. 

1823. A bill was passed to incorporate a company to build a bridge over the 
Severn. 

1824. A census of Annapolis was taken, that, with the soldiers in the Fort, 
made the inhabitants number 2,500. Monday, April 19th, the boiler of the Steam- 
boat Eagle, on her iirst trip from Baltimore to Annapolis, exploded off North Point. 
A soldier from Fort Severn and Henry M. Murray, of Annapolis, lost their lives by 
this accident. 

1827. The State Library was established in this year. 

1828. In the election of delegates to the Legislature this year in Annapolis, 
the tickets were Jackson and Adams. One Jackson and one Adams delegate was 
elected. 

1829. An act was passed to form a company to extend the Chesapeake and 
Ohio Canal to Annapolis. 

1830. A number of citizens pledged themselves to vote for no man who gave 
drink, money or anything else to purchase votes. 

1835. The corner-stone of Humphrey Hall, St. John's College, was laid 
June 25tli. 

1840. The first passenger train left Annapolis for the Junction on Christmas 
day of this year. 



CHAPTER TWENl'Y-EIGHTH. 



THE NAVAL ACADEMY ESTABLISHED AT ANNAPOLIS. 



1. An event of lasting importance to Annapolis, occurred on October 10th, 
1845, when the Naval Academy was established there. For this the city of Annap- 
olis is indebted to a citizen of the county, Commodore Isaac Mayo, of the United 
States Navy. He knew the value of Annapolis as the site of the institution, and, as 
a member of the board of five officers to choose its location, from the first vote to 
the last ballot, Commodore Mayo supported the claims of Annapolis. Two places. 



Paragraph 1. (o) What occurred in Annapolis on October lOtii, 18-15? (6) To whom is the 
city of Annapolis indebted for the location of the Naval Academy in its midst? (c) Wiiat two places 
had two votes at the beginning? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 89 

League Island and Newport, each had two votes at the beginning. Gradually the 
vote turned to Annapolis and it was chosen. 

2. Previous to the location of the Academy, at Annapolis, first called the Poly- 
teclinic School, then the Xaval School, and finally, the Naval Academy, Fort Severn 
and its grounds, consisting of nine acres, on which were the officers' quarters and 
the barracks for the garrison, were turned over to the naval authorities for the site of 
the new establishment. The gi-owth of the Naval Academy in numbers and impor- 
tance has been marvellous. From scarcely fifty students, it has now nearly a 
thousand Midshipmen enjoying its curriculum ; from a handful of mean and dilapi- 
dated buildings, it is being transformed, by its commodious and. magnificent edifices, 
into one of the architectural wonders of the world. The first sod, in this transfor- 
mation, was turned on April 24th, 1899, by Rear Admiral Frank V. McNair, then 
superintendent of the Naval Academy, and, at the time, the oldest living graduate of 
the Academy in the active service of the Navy. 

3. The gi-ounds of the Academy have equally increased in importance and 
acreage. From scarce ten acres in 184o, the Academy now covers 200 acres in 
Annapolis, and the Government Farm, practically a part of the institution, has 
114 acres in its bounds. Across the Severn, a half mile distant from the Academy, 
are the grounds of Fort Madison, now used as an Experimental Station, and a rifle 
range for Marines and Midshipmen. They contain 90 acres of land. 

4. The establishment of the Naval Academy at Annapolis quickened its waning 
trade, increased the value of its realties, enlarged its social advantages, and benefitted 
its citizens by contact with a large body of educated and professional men. Youth, as 
well as mature iige, has been helped by the location of the institution here — the sports 
and festivities have been of large interest and constant entertainment to the active 
mind and enterprising energies of youth. The institution itself, acknowledged " as 
the best naval school in the world," has supplied the American Navy with a superior 
body of capable and efficient officers. 



Paragraph 2. (a) What was the Naval Academy first called? (6) How many acres did it con- 
tain when established? (c) What was turned over to the naval authorities for the site of the new 
establishment? (<!} What has been the growth in numbers and importance of the Naval Academy? 
l^ei How many midshipmen are there now? (/) How many were there when the Academy com- 
menced? ((/I 'what change lias taken place in its buildings? (ft) Who turned the first sod of the 
new Naval Academy? (i) What was Its date? (j) What was Admiral McNair at this time? 

Paragraph 3. (a) How have the grounds of the Academy increased? (b) To what extent have 
they grown? 

Paragraph 4. (a) What has the establishment of the Naval Academy at Annapolis done for 
the city? 



90 A HISTORY OF ANNK ARUNDEL COUNTV. 

CHAPTER TWENTY=NINtH. 

ANNE ARUNDEL FROM THE CIVIL WAR TO THE PRESENT. 



1. la the year 1866, tlie Naval Academy returned from Newport to Annapolis, 
and in 1870 St. Jolin's College that had been closed during the civil war, resumed 
operations, under the Pi-esidency of James C. Welling. 

For the first time in the history of the whole countrA', at Annapolis, May 30th, 
1883, the Union and Confederates joined together and decorated the graves of the 
common dead of the civil war. Meade Post, of the Grand Army of the Kepublic, 
set this patriotic example, by inviting Lieut. Samuel T. McCullough, late of the 
Confederate Army, to deliver the address on the occasion. The invitation was 
accepted in the same generous spirit in which it was tendered, and Federal and 
Confederate marched together to the silent city of the dead and laid their immor- 
telles on the graves of those who had died for their convictions on both sides of the 
great conflict. 

On W^ednesday, March 9th, 1887, t^e Annapolis and Baltimore Short Line began 
the running of its first regular trains. 

On March 5th, 1894, the City of Annapolis and the Legislature celebrated the 
200th anniversary of the removal of the capital from St. Mary's to Annapolis. 

On April 8th, 1896, President McKinley visited the Naval Academy. On May 
11th and 12th, the Maryland Division of the Sons of the Veterans met at Annapolis. 

2. The Chase Home was aglow Saturday afternoon, January 16, 1897, from 2 
o'clock to 7, with the spirit of that colonial social life which made the charms and 
graces of Annapolis society famous to the remotest bounds of the American planta- 
tions. The brilliant occasion was the opening tea of a series of entertainments that 
were given during the season to aid the fund for the maintenance of the Chase Home. 
The historic house, with its broad halls and ample rooms, filled with the rich and 
antique, was an inviting spectacle to the hundreds of delighted visitors who came 
from Annapolis, Baltimore and the Naval Academy to enjoy the social festivities of 
the tea, and the sight of so many rare and valuable treasures of art and history. 
As one of the receiving ladies, well posted in chronology, said " adding the three 
lost years of history, we are now in the 20th century, and this house represents, in 
its furniture and fittings, four centuries, the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th." 



Pabagraph 1. (a) When did the Naval Academy return to Annapolis from Newport? (6) What 
year, after the civil war, did St. John's College re-open? (c) What was the first time that Union and 
Confederate soldiers joined together to decorate the graves of the common dead of the civil war? 
(d) At what place did the remarkable event occur? (e) Who set this patriotic example? (/) When 
did the Annapolis and Baltimore Short Line run its first train? (g) What notable anniversary 
was celebrated on March 5th, 1894? (/i) Who visited Annapolis on April 6th, 189«? 

Paragraph 2. (a) What brilliant social event took place in Annapolis on January 16tli, 18!»7? 



A HISTORY OF AXXE AKINDEL COUNTY. 91 

The receiving party was Mrs. J. Caile Harrisou, directress of the Chase Home ; 
Mrs. William G. Ridout, Miss Prue Ridout, the Misses Craven, Miss McFarland, 
Mrs. Eugene Worthington, Miss Milligan and Miss Nelson of Annapolis ; Miss 
Juliette Wise, of the Naval Academy ; Miss Cora Rogers and Miss Virginia Wilson 
of Baltimore. The tea was served in the old dining room, to the right of the main 
hall and busy were the receiving ladies in waiting on their numerous guests. On 
the table were four pieces of candelabra, two single and two with three lights, that 
illuminated the Chase Home when Lafayette was a guest here in 1824. These 
were used for the first time since the last, owner's death, eight years ago, then 
having been stowed away in the vaults of the Farmers' National Bank of Annapolis, 
and were only brought out to grace the occasion. 

3. Annapolis city became intensely patriotic at the opening of the Spanish- 
.\merican Wai-, and many volunteers immediately offered their services to the 
Government. Amongst these was Company G, of the First Regiment of the 
National Guard, commanded by Captain James C. Porter ; Lieut. Philip E. Porter, 
and Lieut. George R. Tydings. It was a most inspiring spectacle, as the hour for 
departure arrived, to witness the company file out of their Armory on Maryland 
Avenue, headed by their caiitain and, forming under the national colors stretched 
across the street, march away to camp escorted by the Naval Academy Baud and 
the St. John's Battalion. Annapolis alone furnished to the Army and Navy about 
two hundred white volunteers. In addition to Company G, Company A, of the 
First Regiment, M. N. G., had a number of Annapolis volunteers in it. Amongst 
the officers of this company were Captain Edwin D. Pusey and Lieut. Hugh Ridgely 
Riley, of Annajiolis. These two companies served ten months, part of the time, at 
Camp Meade in Pennsylvania, then at Fortress Monroe, and later at Camp 
Mackenzie, in Augusta, (ieorgia. 

i. After the battle oti" Santiago, July 3d, 1898, the Spanish Officers, captured 
from Cervera's Heet, were sent to the Naval Academy as prisoners of war. The 
captives were treated with marked consideration, and given the freedom of Annapolis 
every day until eight in the evening, when they had to report to the Academy. Admiral 
Cervera showed his confidence in the American people by walking throiigh the streets 
of Annapolis, in company with several of liis officers, the morning after his arrival, 
to attend worship at St. Mary's Catholic Church. They soon became familiar figures 
on the streets of "ye antien't capital of Maryland," and, accepting many courtesies 
from our citizens, made warm friendships. The prisoners at once showed their 
respect for America by uncovering and saluting "Old Glory " as the morning colors 
rose, the day after they arrived, on the flag-staff at the Naval Academy. Tlie cap- 
tives were both surprised and grateful for the courtesies they received, and, returned, 
after a nominal captivity of several months, to their country, with a high apprecia- 
tion of the American character. 



Paragraph 3. (a) How did Annapolis become at the opening of the Spanish-American war? 
(6' How many white volunteers did Annapolis furnish to the Army and Navy? 

Paragraph 4. (a) Who were sent as prisoners of war to Annapolis after naval action off San- 
tiago? (b> How were the captives treated? (c) How did the prisoners show their respect for 
.America? 



\)2 A HISTORY OF ANNE AliUNUEL COUNTY. 

5. On February 12th, 181i9, the great "blizzard" began at Annapolis, and for 
three daj-s Annapolis was cut off from communication! by road, rail, and water, from 
all other cities. 

6. On May Ittth, 1900, women voted in Annapolis for the first time in its history. 
Under an Act of Assembly, all taxpayers, as well as legal voters, were authorized to 
vote on a question of issuing $121,000 of bcmds to pay off a floating indebtedness 
of $21,000, and to improve, with the balance of the issue, the City Dock and Streets 
of Annapolis. A number of women taxpayers availed themselves of the privilege, 
two-thirds of whom voted for the bond issue. The ballot was indirectly made an 
educational test, as all voters had to write on the ofiicial ballot, "for" or "against 
the bonds," as they desired to vote. Few illiterates attempted to cast a ballot. The 
bond issue was carried by a large majority. 

7. On May 21st, 1901, dedicatory ceremonies of the Southgate Memorial Shaft 
and Fountain, took place here. The Fountain and Shaft are located on Church 
Circle at the head of College Avenue, under the shadow of St. Anne's Protestant 
EjDiscopal Church, where Dr. William Southgate, in whose memory they are erected, 
by the citizens of Annajwlis and by Old Parishioners of St. Anne's, served as rector 
for thirt}^ years. The day was the second anniversary of his death. 

8. The work on the "Addition to the State House" began in the fall of 1902. 
The addition is intended as the Hall of the House of Delegates and the Chamber 
of the Senate of Maryland, with apartments and committee rooms, for the use of 
the two Houses of the Legislature. The historic Senate Chamber and the State 
House, as it was when first erected in 1770, were preserved and the effort was made 
to secure an architectui'e in the addition in harmony with the old building. The 
edifice, opposite the addition, known as the State building and commenced in 1901, 
is used as the apartments of the Court of Appeals and the State Librar}'. There 
is room in the library rooms for 150,000 volumes. 

9. This year (1902) the city lost one of its most historic houses. The Naval 
Academy authorities demolished the building which, from 1753 to 1867, had been 
the residence of all the Governors of Maryland. Genei'al Washington had been a 
guest in the house and many illustrious heroes of the Eevolutiou had lived in 
this building, known as the Government House of Maryland. 

10. On Monday, May 18, 1903, the Colonial Theatre was opened at Annapolis, 
on Church and Conduit streets, with the play of " The Holy City." Work was com- 
menced on the building December 4, 1902. 



Pabageaph 5. (a) How long was Annapolis cut off from outside communication by the blizzard 
of February 12th, 1899? 

Paraokaph 6. (a) Who voted in Annapolis for the first time on May 14th. 1900? (h) What 
was the occasion of their eligibility to vote? (c) How did the women taxpayers vote? 

Paraokaph 7. (a) What was dedicated on May 21st, 1901, at Annapolis? (b) In whose i 
was the shaft dedicated? 

Paraokaph 8. (a) When did work on the addition to the State House begin? 

Paragraph 9. (a) What historic house did Annapolis lose in 1902? 

Paragehph 10. (a) When was the Colonial Theatre opened? 




i 



It 



PIBLK' SCHOOL HOUSE AT CURTIS BAY, ANNK AUUNDEL COUNTY. 




PUBLIC SCHOOL HOUSE AT BROOKLYN, ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 93 

11. On October 5, 1903, the School of Application for the education of 
marine ofBcer.s was opened at Annapolis, under the charge of Maior Charles A. 
Dojen, U. S. M. C. 

12. The year 1904 witnessed the restoration of Annapolis to its ancient digni- 
ties of the head of the civil government of Maryland. At this time Governor 
Warfield took up his residence, not only in its official, but its social and personal 
sense, and identified himself at once with the interests of Annapolis, reflecting the 
spirit of the age where its colonial and other subsequent Governors made it the 
focal point of State government. He opened the Governor's Mansion as " the 
people's house," and made its charming apartments the scene of many social and 
official festivities. 

13. On February 8th, 1904, the day after the commencement of the great fire 
in Baltimore, companies M and G, of the First Kegiment, of the Maryland National 
Guard, were ordered with tlieir regiment, to service in the guard of the Burnt District. 
The two companies wcrr coiiiiiiandiMl by Major James C. Porter, and the companies 
were ris]»eitivciy orticfr. ,1, (< .iii|i,iny M. liy Captain Hugh Ridgely Riley, and Lieu- 
tenants William E. Hdllid.ix nkr and Zailiary H. Cranford ; and Company G, by Cap- 
tain James C. Porter, and Lieutenants George E. Tydings and George T. Tj'dings. 
After eight days a number of the men of the two companies were detached, and a 
Provisional Company formed, with Captain Riley in command. This company 
served five days additional. 

14. On May 15th, 1905, the Annapolis Banking and Trust Company, with 
Luther H. Gadd, as President, was opened for business. The one of the most noted 
events in Anna])olitan annals in this year was the restoration of the Senate Chamber 
of Maryland to its ancient adornments and fixtures, as far as was possible, to the 
designs that obtained in it, when the great incidents that made it historic, occurred 
in this notabl(> room. The old Gallery, the ancient Fire-Place, the Niche at the 
rear of the President's desk, have been duplicated, and the Governor, who took the 
keenest interest in the restoration, by his personal effort, secured, from a citizen of 
Annapolis, the desk that stood in the Chamber when Washington resigned his 
commission to Congress. 



Pabaokaph 11. (a) When was the School of Application opened? 

Pakaokaph 12. (a) What was witnessed this year in Annapolis? 

Paragraph 13. (a) What two Annapoli-s companies were ordered to Baltimore after the great 

of February 7th, l'J04? 

Paragraph 14. (a) What was opened in Annapolis on May 1.5th, 1905? 



94 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



CHAPTER THIRTIETH. 



RECEPTION OF THE REMAINS OF JOHN PAUL JONES. 



1. An event, international in its interest, occurred at Annapolis, on July 24tli, 
1905, when the remains of John Paul Jones were received from the French nation 
by the representatives of the American Republic. The squadron of warships, under 
Rear Admiral Charles D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., from Cherbourg, France, bearing the 
body of John Paul Jones for burial at Annapolis, arrived in tlie Chesapeake, July 
22, 1905. The squadron consisted of the flagship Brooklyn, which had the casket 
on board, the Galveston, Tacoma and Chattanooga. The ships were met outside 
the Virginia Capes by the Battleship Squadron of the North Atlantic Fleet, under 
Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans. This squadron was organized in two divisions, the 
first in the command of Rear Admiral Evans and the second commanded by Rear 
Admiral Charles H. Davis. 

2. Admiral Sigsbee's squadron received a salute of fifteen guns from each 
division of the escorting ships, in honor of Admiral Jones as a vice-admiral. Upon 
reaching Cape Henry, Admiral Evans' Squadron, composed of the Maine as flagship, 
the Missouri, Kentucky and Ivearsarge, passed into the lower Chesapeake Bay. 
Then came Admiral Sigsbee's squadron, and following the vessels of Rear Admiral 
Davis's division, composed of the battleships Alabama, Illinois, Massachusetts and 
Iowa. 

3. Admirals Sigsbee and Davis's squadrons proceeded immediately n\> Chesa- 
peake Bay, bearing the body of Admiral Jones toward Annapolis, while the vessels 
of Admiral Evans' squadron sailed toward to Old Point Comfort, Va., en route to 
Lambert's Point, where they anchored. 

4. At the peak of each warship the tri-color of France fluttered in the fresh 
breeze, while the American colors flew half-masted on the stafl'. The French 
cruiser Jurien de la Graviere lay ofl' Annapolis when the American fleet arrived. 

5. On July 24th the lx)dy of Admiral Jones was transferred from the Brooklyn 
with due ceremony, and, amid the usual salutes, to the tug Standisli, which bore the 
body to the shore, where an imposing guard was drawn up to receive it. 

6. The escort consisted of midshipmen from each of the ships of the fleet, a 
battalion of sailors from the fleet, two companies of marines from the Naval 



Paragraph 1. ("i What noted event occurred in Annapolis in July, 1905? 

Paragraph 2. (a| How was Admiral Sigsbee's squadron received? 

Paragraph 3. (a) Toward what place did squadrons of Admiral Sigsbee and Davis proceed. 

Paragraph 4. (a) How were colors of France and America placed upon their respective shipi 

Paragraph 5. («) With what ceremonies were the remains of John Paul Jones transferred? 

Paragraph C. (a) Of what did the escort consist? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 95 

Academy, the battalion of midshipmen then at the Naval Academy and all the 
officers of the fleet and station. 

7. The cortege was commanded by Bear Admiral Sigsbee and was headed by 
the Naval Academy band, under Prof. Cliarles A. Zimmerman. Next in the line 
were the marines of the home station, consisting of two companies, and following 
came the brigade of marines from the fleet. The band from the Brooklyn led 
the sailors' battalion, which was next, the fifty French blue jackets first and then the 
American ; then followed the midshipmen, the officers of the fleet and of the 
Academy. The hearse followed, flanked by the pall-bearers and followed by the 
French and American sailors who acted as honorary body bearers. 

8. Admiral Sigsbee who was in command, marched in the rear, as the regula- 
tions for the occasion required. The body-bearers consisted of Rear Admiral 
James H. Sands and Charles H. Davis, Capt. Benjamin F. Tiiley, Capt. E. D. 
Taussig, f a|)tain William H. Reeder, U. S. N., and Capt. E. E. Gervais, command- 
ing the Frencli .cruiser Jurien de la Graviere. In front of the bier marched 
Chaplain H. H. Clark, of the Naval Academy, who conducted the religious services 
at the tcrapoi-ary vault, and Chaplain George L. Bayard, of the Brooklyn, who 
assisted him. 

9. The assemblage of over a thousand men of the navy, in uniforms, made an 
impressive display. After a brief but most appropriate ceremony, the bier on 
wiiich lay the casket was slowly pushed to the vault and deposited on trusses by 
tlie pall-bearers. Tlie grating was then locked, the sentry posted, and tlie troops 
retired. The whole cei-emony had occupied a little over half an hour. Not an 
untoward incident had marred it, and it was in every way as solemn and dignified 
as the notable event demanded. 

10. Rear Admiral Sigsbee was iu command of tlie exercises ashore and afioat. 
Rear Admiral Sands, superintendent of the Naval Academy, made all the shore 
airangements. The first battalion of sailors was under command of Lieut. Comdr. 
Henry F. Bryan, of the Alabama, the second under Lieut. Comdr. Harry George, of 
the Tacoma ; the brigade, composed of the two battalions, was under Comdr. 
Reginald F. Nicholson, of the Tacoma. The marines were commanded by Captain 
Theodore H. IjOw, of the Alabama. 

11. Tiie formal national reception of the body, with appropriate exercises, is 
reserved until it shall be placed in the splendid naval chapel now being erected near 
the site of the temporary vault. 



Pakagraph 7. (a) Who commanded the cortege? (6) Can you describe the procession? 

Paragraph 8. (a) Where did Admiral Sigsbee march? (6) Who were the body bearers? (c) 
Who conducted the religious exercises? 

Paragraph 9. (a) Of how many men did the assemblage consist? (ft) Where was the body of 
.John Paul Jones placed^' 

Paragraph 10. (a) Who commanded the exercises ashore and afloat? 

Paragraph 11. fa) To what time are the formal national exercises of the reception of the 
remains of Admiral Jones reserved? 



96 A HISTOKY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



CHAPTER THIRTY-FIRST. 



WAR SCENES IN ANNAPOLIS. 



1. On the 23d of April, 1861, after a dramatic correspoudence with Gov. 
Hicks, iu which he protested vehemently against the landing of Federal troops, 
Geu. Butler embarked his command from the Steamer Maryland, and seized the 
Annapolis and Elkridge Railroad. This called forth another protest from Governor 
Hicks who insisted that the occupancy of the road " would prevent the members of 
the Legislature from reaching Annapolis." The Governor had called the Legisla- 
ture in extra session to consider the serious condition of affairs in the State and 
Federal Union, growing out of the secession of the Southern States, and the resort 
to arms by the Federal authorities to bring them into subjection to the Federal 
Government. The place of meeting of the General Assembly was, upon the occu- 
pancy of Annapolis by the Federal troops, changed to Frederick city. 

2. The people in Annapolis were, in general, Southern sympathizers, and some 
went so far as to wish to resort to force to prevent the landing of the Union troops, 
and the Gazette of that period stated, that " the people of Annapolis are highly 
indignant at the occupation of our city." No violence was offered the troojjs, but 
the engines of the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Railroad were put out of repair by 
some of the Southern sympathizers. When Gen. Butler called for machinists to 
repair the engine he wished to use, a volunteer stepped forward, and found that the 
engine was one that he had helped to build. 

3. The Southern sentiment in the city had been displayed a few days before 
General Butler landed by the hoisting of a Confederate flag on a pole on West 
street. The leading spirits in this demonstration were August S. Bryan, Levi Tay- 
man, William H. Gassaway and John S. Sewell. From the strong Union element 
in the lower section of the town, a crowd of men marched in a body to pull down 
the Confederate flng. William H. Mills was half way up the pole to the flag when 
Mr. Thomas Basil, a merchant and member of the Governor's Guards, a military 
company, who had his gun in his private keeping to prevent its seizure, rushed out 
of his store, and pointing the musket at Mills, exclaimed : "Come down there, or 
I'll shoot !" Mills dropped to the ground immediately. Shortly after this incident 



Paragraph 1. (a) With whom did Governor Hicks have a dramatic correspondence in April, 
1861? (6) What did General Butler then do? (c) What protest did Governor Hicks make? (d) To 
what place was the Legislature called in extra session? 

Parageaph 2. (a) What were the people of Annapolis? (6) What did some wish to do? (c) 
Was any violence offered the troops? (d) How did the people feel about the occupancy of their 
city? (c) What damage was done at the railroad? (/) What, singular incident happened when 
General Butler called for a machinist to repair the engine? 

Paragraph 3. How had the Southern sentiment been displayed before the landing of General 
Butler? (b) Who were the leading spirits in this demonstration? (c) Who attempted to pull down 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 97 

n'l ^ ^ tfe e^^^itement here if you would let that flag come down." Mr. Basil at 
once yielded to this con.servative advice and the flag was lowered 

4 Annapolis, from the landing of Butler, to the close of the war, was an 
important military post, and while older heads who held secession views found Tt 
vUh t V^"' ' "" "'""P^^y °f Southern youths, boldly dressed in red and white, 
s th ^vooden guns, paraded town without fear or molestation, and, on the nigh 
«iien the news of the first battle of Bull Run, July 21st, 1861, ^^as received in 
Annapolis, a crowd of young Southern sympathizers came down from the depot 
singing and cheering over the defeat of the Federal troops. This was the last of 
hese public demons rations of delight at Southern victories. The Federal authori- 
les )egan to show the glove of iron as well as the hand of iron in the management 
r.t public aff-airs in Maryland, and the citizens of Annapolis even found it a danger- 
ous combination to put red and white in juxtaposition in their articles of dress. 

o. The Federal authorities not only supervised the sentiments of the Anne 
Arunilel people, but took part in their elections, many soldiers illegally voting at 
hem and others, standing guard at the polls, deterrk the citizens from casting 
their ballots, while their generals prescribed new qualifications in the nature of ille-al 
test oaths for the electors. Amongst the incidents of the times was the arrest of 
Ur. ihomas J. trankiin, of the eighth district, the democratic candidate for Senator, 
on the day of election. On September 10th, 1862, Basil McNew, an ardent South- 
erner, was arrested and placed in the Guard House at Annapolis, and was detained 
there three days on a charge of uttering "disloyal sentiments." In the Guard 
House Mr. McXew vociferously hurrahed for Jeff Davis and the Southern Con- 
federacy, and, it was, with difficulty, that the Federal paroled prisoners there 
could be restrained from doing personal violence to their enthusiastic Southern 
sympathizer. Mr. McNew was carried to Fort McHenry, and, finally released after 
a brief imprisonment. ' 

6. The iireparations for the embarkation of the expedition of Gen. Burnside 
from Annapolis to Beaufort, North Carolina, added greatly to the already military 
atmcsphere of the city. Thirty thousand troops poured into the town'while the 
broad harbor of Annapolis was filled with transports for the invading army. This 
expedition brought Gen. Grant to Annapolis, and one of the incidents of the times 



flag come down?'** thereupon happened? yd) Upon whose advice did Mr. Basil consent to let the 

„h ^If f'^'**^'*- *■ '"' ^^'•ia'','":^s Annapolis during the Civil War? (6) What did the older heads 

.,^lM ''^'r" '■>r;/'°c 'i^^^^^"^''- <") ^° what way did the younger Southern element 

^h.w .ts sympathy with the South? (d) When did this open sympathy with the South end' (e) 

v> hat became a dangerous combination of colors? ^ ' 

Pabaoraph 5. (a) What else beside dress did the Federal authorities supervise in Anne 

Arundel, (fc) ^ horn did they arrest upon election day? (c) Who voted illegally in the county' 

(r/, Who prescribed illegal test oaths for the voters? (e.) Who was arrested on a charge of uttering 

disloyal sentiments. (/) What was done with Mr. McNew? ^ 

Pabagkaph 6. (a) What expedition embarked from Annapolis? (6) What distinguished gen- 



98 A HISTORY OF ANNE AHUNDEL COUNTY. 

was the groupiug of Grant, Buruside and Admiral Meade iu the corridor of the okl 
City Hotel. The Confederates, too, were represented by agents who had come for- 
ward with their lives in their hands to spy out the expedition. Amongst these, the call 
of Gen. Lee for this dangerous work, was Private Welch Owiugs, of the Confederate 
Army, a native of Anne Arundel, who came to Annapolis and boarded at McCul- 
lough's Hotel, while he took notes of the maritime armament preparing to attack 
the Southern coast. Mr. Owens returned safely to the Confederate Army. One of 
the amusing incidents of this preparation was the manner of putting the horses on 
some of the transports. A large derrick was built and a reversed saddle placed 
beneath the horses and securely fastened. Then, at the appointed moment, the 
derrick lifted into the air the astonished animal, struggling, kicking and snorting, 
and thence deposited him to the lofty deck of the vessel. 

7. The most exciting period in the martial history of Annapolis during the 
civil war, after the landing of Butler's troops, was the alarm caused by the raid of 
Gen. Early, in July, 1864, into Maryland, and nearly up to the gates of Washing- 
ton. The Federal authorities at Annapolis at once proceeded to fortify the town, 
erecting entrenchments, some of which yet remain, from the head of Dorsey's Creek 
to Old W^omau's Cove, on Spa Creek. To further this work citizens of Annapolis 
were impressed into service, and marched daily to the breastworks. A number of 
ardent Union men, whose patriotism did not rise to their enlistment as soldiers, 
armed with authority' and bedecked with swords, paroled the town and took especial 
delight in impressing Southern sympathizers into this work. There were, however, 
wiser Union men than these who objected to such methods, reasoning that, in case 
of a Confederate attack, it would be dangerous for the attacked to have enemies 
within their own lines. This alarm subsided iu three or four days, and a number of 
Southern sympathizers who had concealed themselves to avoid impressment, emerged 
from their hiiliug phices. One of them had found refuge in the tower of the First 
Methodist Episcopnl Church. 

8. As soon as the war ended, a cordial and generous spirit immediately 
prevailed in the city of Annapolis l)etween those who had differed so strongly on 
the mighty questions that had divided the country. This generosity of sentiment 
has been cemented in the firmest attachment to the Federal Union, though the 
adherents on either side have not abated in the least in their devotion to the princi- 
ples that each maintained on the great issues that separated the people in the war 
between the States, and which were settled by the uncompromising arbiter of the 
sword. 



eral did this bring to Annapolis? (c) How wpvp tbf rnntVdfiratea represented? (d) Wliat singular 
device was used to put the horses of theexpi^iiitinn iiimii tin' vessels? 

Paeageaph 7. (a) What was the most nxcii Jul; i-\ .ni in Annapolis after the lauding of General 
Butler? (6) What did the Federal authorities .•ri'ci at Aniiapolis? (c) Who were impressed into 
this service? 

Paeageaph 8. (a) As soon as the war ended what spirit immediately prevailed in Annapolis? 
(6) To what did this generosity of sentiment lead? 



A HISTOliY OF A>\\E ARUNDEL COttNTY. 



CHAPTER THIRTY-SECOND. 



A PLAINTIVE 8T0KY IN THE HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 



1. The story of the expatriation of the Acadians from Nova Scotia has filled 
many a page of history, and inspired many a thought in poetry.. Anne Arundel 
had its portion in the pathetic side of this sad and cruel judgment executed upon 
an unfortunate people. On the first of December, 1755, five vessels arrived in 
Annapolis, with nine hundred of these unfortunate exiles on board. This was the 

■ai)portionment allotted by the British government for Maryland to provide for. 
The people of Annapolis were, at first, exercised at the thought of having such a 
large number of " French Papists," as they called the exiles, amongst them — this 
fear being excited by the double reason — that they represented to them, both a foreign 
element and a religious foe. The poor Acadians, however, proved objects of pity 
and of charity, rather than of fear, and food and raiment, of which they were greatly 
in need, were promptly supplied them. 

2. The people of Annapolis w^ere greatly distressed by the necessity of pro- 
viding for so large a number of persons. No public supply had been appropriated 
for them, and the best citizens, among them Daniel Dulany, of Daniel, became 
private almoners, and canvassed Annapolis soliciting donations for them, which 
were turned over to the city authorities, who had charge of the matter. These 
vessels lay awaiting a favorable wind, for w'hich distressed' citizens earnestly prayed, 
to take the larger part of the exiles to other parts of Maryland. Three of 
these vessels were despatched to other points for distribution of the Acadians 
amongst theif inhabitants for support. They were carried to Patuxent, Oxford and 
Somerset. Sad was the story of the suffering, deprivation and scorn, which was 
their lot, with liere and their some fi'iendly Christian sympathy and assistance. 

3. Part of the colony left at Annapolis was taken to Baltimore. Those that 
ri>mained at Annapolis were quartered in large warehouses on Hanover and Duke of 
(xloncester sti'eets. Laws were passed by the Legislature placing these unfortunates 
under the control of the County Courts, and the Acadians were not allowed to pass 
from county to county without a pass. The situation was rendered more severe by 
the exiles claiming that they were prisoners and were, therefore, entitled to a public 
support. With this view the people of Maryland had little sympathy. The Legis- 



Paragraph 1. (a) What has the story of the expatriation of the Acadiaus filled and inspired? 
(h) How many vessel loads of them arrived in Annapolis in December, 1755? (c) How many were 
the Acadians in number? (d) What was their condition? 

Paragraph 2. (a) What effect did their arrival have upon the people of Annapolis? (6) To 
what places were the Acadians despatched? 

Paragraph 3. (a) Where was a part of the Annapolis colony taken? (6) What laws were 
jiassed for their keeping? (c) What county was, and why was it, excepted from this distribution? 

LOFC. 



100 A HISTORY OF ANNI-: ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

lature ordered the Acadians to be distributed in every county of the Province save 
Frederick. That county was thought too near the seat of war — the French and 
Indian — for any number of disaffected persons to be sent to it. ' 

4. Those wlio went to Cecil had their own settlement and their history has been 
preserved ; those that were allotted to Baltimore resided near the Battle Monument 
on Calvert street. Their history is well known. These Acadians went to work in 
the shipyards and in other crafts and became a prosperous class, — some of their 
descendants were amongst the leading citizens of Baltimore. Not so with those of 
Anne Arundel. Not a trace of their subsequent history from their landing can be 
found. Not a name remains that can be warranted to be that of a French Neutral, 
although, it may well be believed that their descendants still remain in "the ancient 
city." By this absorption and disappearance their plaintive story has added a sad 
chapter to the history of Annapolis. 



CHAPTER THIRTY-THIRD. 

THE GEOLOGY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



1. The geological formation of Anne Arundel County is of the alluvial and 
diluvial period. The vast changes, made in the countless ages of the past upon the 
surface of the land and beneath it by the action of water, still continue in rapid 
alterations along the shores of the tide water creeks, rivers and the Chesapeake. 
There the waves and tides are constantly tearing away one part of the shore and 
building up another. The rapid and potential effects of these forces have been 
marked in the section near the mouth of the South Kiver on the eastern banks. A 
short distance from its entrance into the Chesapeake lies Fishing Creek, formerly a 
branch of South River, aboirt a mile in length and in some parts nearly a half mile 
in breadth. The head of the Creek was formed by a narrow strip of land between 
the Creek and the Bay. About fifty years ago, a small opening that a shovelfuU of 
earth would have closed, was made in this strip by the water. The opening widened 
until it is now about four hundred yards in breadth. While this action was in 
progress, the former mouth of the creek on South River gradually closed, until it 
can be crossed on land dry shod. The island that forms the south bank of Fishing 
Creek, formerly the site of the Thomas' Point Light, is rapidly washing away. The 



Pakagkaph 4. (a) What history of them have been preserved? (fc) Can any history of the 
Annapolis colony be found? 

Pabageaph 1. (a) Of what period is the geological formation of Anne Arundel county? (6) 
What still continues along the shores of its tide-waters? (c) Where have these changes been 
marked? {d) Can you give the curious change that took place in mouth of Fishing Creek? 



102 A IIISTOIiY OF ANNE ARUNDEL C(JUNTY. 

that there are distinguisliable eight pre-Paleozoic, thirteen Paleozoic and eight post- 
Paleozoic formations — Paleozoic meaning the lowest sti-ata of fossiliferous rocks. 
The number of sepai-ate horizons is eveu greater than these. Maryland naturally 
falls into three distinct geological provinces — an Eastern Coastal Plain, in which 
Anne Arundel is situated, surrounding the Chesapeake ; a central Plateau and a 
western region of mountains. Excavations for artesian wells, made to the depth of 
six hundred feet, show that the sub-strata of Anne Arundel consists of alternate 
layers of sand, gravel and clay, interspersed with wood in the sand, in the 
initial stages of coal formation. The presence of the wood in the sand suggest 
in some far, remote age, the shore of a vast and unknown ocean. Wherever the 
ground is penetrated to the depth of two hundred feet or more, water impregnated 
with sulphur and iron is found in Anne Arundel. Not only, commercially, but, as 
a study and an art, the geology of Anne Arundel is an interesting and imjjroving 
pursuit. 

5. Elevations in Anne Arundel County are : At Annapolis State House, 58 feet ; 
Mariott Hill, (1st district), 240 feet; Davidsonville, (l.st district), 185 feet ; Owens- 
ville, (1st district), 182 feet ; Odeuton, (4th district), 160 feet ; Jewell, (8th district), 
160 feet ; Friendship, (8th district), 150 feet ; (lien Burnie, (5th district), 55 feet. 



CHAPTER THIRTY-FOURTH. 



THE INDIANS OF ANNE ARUNDEL. 



1. Few Indians were in Anne Arundel at the time of the settlement of the 
county. The land that composed the county, belonged to the Susquehanna Indians, 
a warlike tribe, inhabiting the section at the head of the Chesapeake, who were 
in continual hostility towards the Indians in Southern Maryland. Their rapines and 
forays, for the capture of chatties and women, had driven the Indians of St. Mary's 
county to cross the bay to seek shelter, by water and distance, from their incur- 
sions, and the most northern tribe of Southern Maryland was the Piscataway, which 
inhabited Prince George's county. The fear of Indian invasion made the settlers 
keep an organized troop in Anne Arundel to protect the count}- from surprise. 



does Mai-yland naturally fall? What are they? ^e) Of what does sub-strata of Anne Arundel con- 
sist? (/) What is found in the sand? (g) What is the character of the water two hundred feet, or 
more, beneath the surface? 

Paragraph 5. What are the elevations in Anne Arundel? 

Paragraph 1. (a) Were the Indians few or many in Anne Arundel at the time of its settle- 
ment? (b) To what tribe did the land of Anne Aruudel belong? (c) What part of the country did 



A HISTORY OF A>-NE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 103 

2. The people of Aune Araiitlel coucliided oii the 5th day of July, 1652, a 
treaty of peace with the Susquehanua Indians. This treaty was made at Annapolis, 
tradition says, under the old tulip poplar tree which stands on the campus at 
St. John's College. The document recited the description of the land the whites 
were to have and gave the right to the Indians to build a fort on Palmer's Island. 
Tlie treaty i-ecited " that all former injuries being buried and forgotten, from 
henceforward, they do promise and agree to walk together and carry one towards 
another in all things as friends, and to assist one another accordingly." 

3. This treaty was never broken by any open war. The northern Indians in 1(581, 
came into Anne Arundel and killed a colored man and wounded two whites, one of 
them fatally. Thej' committed a robbery at the time, and this was the motive of 
the assaults. The county was subjected constantly to fears aroused by exaggerated 
reports of Indian invasions. At the time of the Protestant Revolution, of 1689, the 
people were excited by a rumor that nine thousand Frenchmen and Indians were at 
the Cliffs in Anne Arundel. When investigated, not a Frenchman nor an Indian 
was to be found at the place named. 

4. In 1692, a small party of Indians, having come into Anne Arundel county, 
threw it into a great state of alarm. Thomas Sparrow, of Anne Arundel, met them 
while out hunting in the back woods. The Indians appeared more friend!}' than 
hostile, having sent after Sparrow and warned him and his party not to go hunting, 
for there were Indians on the war-patli, who would kill them if they met them. A 
Frenehnian being taken up in Anne Arundel as a spy at the time, added to the 
apprehensions of the people. No injury at all resulted from the advent of the 
Indians. 

o. In June, 1665, Captain William Burgess, of Anne Arundel, had charge of a 
body of soldiers who were charged to find out the Indian enemy. He was to keep 
pai'ties ranging the woods around the head of Patuxent, Patapsco and Bush Rivers, 
and even up to the utmost bounds of the Province upon the Susquehanna River. 

6. Trading with the Indians was one of the profitable occupations of the colony, 
and was entirely regulated by law, it being a prerogative of the government, as well 
as a practice of dangerous consequences when not restricted. The Assembly of 



the Siisquohaniiu Indians inhabit? (d) Who were the most northern tribe of Southern Maryland? 
(«) What did the fear of Indian invasion make the settlers keep? 

Pabaokaph 2. (a> With whom did the people of Anne Arundel conclude a treaty of peace on 
July 5th, 1652? {h) Where does tradition say this treaty was made? (c) Where were the Indians 
allowed to have a fort? (d) What did the treaty recite? (e) Was this treaty ever broken by au 
open war? (/) What act did the northern Indians commit in Anne Arundel in 1681? (g) To what 
was the county constantly subjected? (ft) What rumor e.-ccited the people in 1689? 

Pakaoraph 4. (a) Who threw the county into a great state of alarm in 1692? {b) Who met 
the Indians? (c) How did the Indians appear? (d) What added to the apprehensions of the people? 
(c) What resulted from the advent of the Indians? 

Paragraph .5. Of what body of soldiers did Captain William Burgess have charge in 1665? 
(fc) What was he to keep? 

Paragraph 6. (o) What was one of the profitable occupations of the county? (6) How was 
this trading regulated? (c) What Indian trading posts were in Anne Arundel in 1682? 



104 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

1682 proposed a imuiber of ludiau trading posts in the Province, two of them being 
in Anne Arundel — one at Col. Taillers, at Heri-ing Creek ; and the other at Col. 
William Burgess's, at Londontown. 

7. The Indians of Maryland present the same pitiful story of disappearance 
and annihilation before the onward march of white civilization. The beloved names 
by which the aboriginees knew the broad Magothy, the beautiful Severn, the 
picturesque South, the winding West, and the commodious Road Rivers, have 
perished from the memory of man, and the single tributary or name that connects 
the red man with his once favorite grounds in Anne Arundel is an English title — 
Cabin Branch, that empties into Underwood's Creek, about four miles north of 
Annapolis. Hei-e the last Indian to remain in this section is said to have had his 
wigwam. 

8. The last tribe of Indians to visit Annapolis lived on the Potomac River. 
Their tribal connection is even unknown to us. They exchanged their lands with 
the Calvert family for lands in Baltimore County, where game was more plentiful, 
and, as the white population advanced, they retired to the Susquehanna. The 
Eastern Shore Indians continued to visit Annapolis, and, as late as 1840, there 
were some few inhabitants still living in Annapolis, who remembered the visits of 
King Abraham, and his Queen, Sarah. 



CHAPTER THIRTY-FIFTH. 



THE THREE STATE HOUSES IN ANNAPoLI;- 



1. The most historic building in the county of Anne Ai-undel is the State 
House in Annapolis. The present one was built in 1772. It was preceded by two 
others. The first one was built in 1696. This building had a brief and tragic 
history. On the journal of the House of July 13th, 1699, it is recorded, " that, on 
Thursday, July 13th, about four or live of the clock in the afternoon, a violent flash 
of lightning broke into the State House at Annapolis — the House of Delegates 
being there sitting, which instantly killed Mr. James Crauford, one of the members, 
of Calvert county, and hurt and wounded several other members, and shattered and 



Paragraph 7. (a) What do the Indians of Maryland present? (6) What hafs perished from 
the memory of man? (c) What single exception exists as to the connection of tlie Indians with the 
waters of the county? 

Pabagraph 8. (a) Wlio were the last Indians to visit Annapolis? (6) With whom did they 
exchange their lands? (c) To what section did they retire? [d) What Indians continued to visit 
Annapolis? 

Paragraph 1. (o) What is the most historic building in Annapolis? (6) When was the present 



A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 105 

broke most part of the doors and window cases belonging to the said house, and 
sett ye said State House on tire in one of the upper Chambers, and several other 
damages ; but the fire was presently quenched by the diligence and industry of his 
Excellency, Nathaniel Blackstone, his majesty's governor." In 1704, this State 
House was burned down, but from what cause the fire originated neither the records 
nor tradition have preserved. 

2. The second State House was finished in 1706, and stood where the present 
State House now stands. It was in the form of an oblong square, entered by a 
hall, opposite to the door of which were the judges' seats ; and, on either side, were 
rooms for the juries to retire, for this building seems to have been used as a Court 
House as well as a State House. It was a neat brick building. Over the judges' 
seat was a full length portrait of Queen Anne. A handsome cupalo surmounted the 
building, and was surrounded by balustrades and furnished with seats for those 
who desired to view the scener}- presented from its dome. On the north of this 
State House an armory was built, in which the arms of the Province were arranged, 
and when the room was lighted up b}- the wooden gilt chandelier, the reflection 
from the arms produced a most brilliant effect. Portraits of Queen Anne and Lord 
Baltimoi-e hung in this room, which was often used as a ball room. On the west 
of the State House stood the famous King William's school. On the east the 
present Council Chamber, for the meeting .of the Governor and his Council, was 
l)uilt about the year 1697. 

3. In 1769, the Legislature appropriated seven thousand pounds sterling to 
build the present State House. The foundation stone was laid on th4 28th of 
March, 1772, by Gov. Eden. In 1773, a copper roof was put <ni the State House, 
and in 1775 a violent equinoctional storm tore off this roof. The dome of the State 
House was not added until after the Eevolntionary War. The entire height of the 
State House is 200 feet from base to spire, and it stands on an elevation 58 feet 
above sea-level. Its magnificent site, its simple architecture, gives it a lofty and 
majestic appearance, that has, in all periods, excited the admiration of strangers and 
citizens alike. The main building is of brick, and the dome of wood. From time 
to time changes were made in the north-w^est side of the exterior of the building, 
tlie latest being the addition ordered by the Legislature of 1902, in order to accom- 
modate the General Assembly. The universal opinion is that the addition has 
materially aflfected the beauty and granduer of the old State House which is 
endeared to all lovers of American patriotism by the noted events that have occurred 
within its walls — Washington having resigned his military commission in the Senate 
Chamber there December 23rd, 1783 ; the treaty of peace with Great Britian that 

one built? (c) By how many State Houses was it preceded? (d) Wiiat was the history of the 
first one? 

Pabaorhph 2. (a) When was the second State House finished? (b) What was a form of it? 
((■) Can you describe this building? (d) What portraits hung in this room? (e) What famous 
school stood on the west of this State House? 

Paragraph 3. (n) What appropriation did the Legislature make in 1769? (ft) When was the 
foundation stone of the present State House laid and by whom? (c) When was the dome added? 
(d) What is the entire height of the State House? (e) What does its magnificent site and simple 



lUG A HI8'R)]vY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 

iniido the Colonies free and independent States, having been ratified there, and the 
Convention of 1786, that led to the greater Convention of 1787, that made us a 
more perfect union of States was held in this building. The building is rendered 
especially sacred to Marylanders, because, over and over again, the Maryland General 
Assembly, on its site, valiantly battled for the rights of the people when assailed by 
the Crown or the proprietary. 



CHAPTER THIRl'Y-SIXTH. 



SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION IN ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



1. The first record of the establishment of a school in Anne Arundel County 
is that of King William's School, at Annapolis, which was erected in the year 1696, 
by an Act of the Legislature, and through subscriptions by members of the 
Assembly and others. It was established to educate youths in " Latin, Greek, 
writing and the like," and its faculty consisted of one Master, one usher and one 
Writing-Master or scribe. This and other schools created by the act were denomi- 
nated "fi;ee schools." Up to this period whatever of education was given in Anne 
Arundel was of a private nature, and no record of it remains. 

2. In 1723, the Legislature passed an Act establishing one school in every 
county in the Pi-ovince, and seven Commissioners were appointed for each county, 
who were called Visitors, and who were to have the authority over the county 
schools. The seven visitors for Anne Arundel were : — Eev. M. Joseph Colbatch, 
rector of All Hallows' Parish, Col. Samuel Young, William Lock, Captain Daniel 
Moriartee, Charles Hammond, Eichard Warfield, John Beale. Donations of public 
monies were made to support these schools. This system of public schools con- 
tinued down to the Kevolutionary war, the original act, establishing them, being 
amended from time to time. 

3. In addition to these public schools there were private Academies and institu- 
tions of learnings in Annapolis and in the county. The Catholics, though ostensibly 
debarred by law from keeping or teaching school, nevertheless established them, 



architecture give it? (/) Wliat noted events liave taken place in the Senate Cliamber of the present 
State House? (g) What makes the building especially sacred to Marylanders? 

Paragraph 1. What is the first record of the establishment of a school in Anne Arundel? (6) 
For what was it established? (c) What was it and other schools established by the act of 1696 
called? (d) Up to this period what had been the nature of education in Anne Arundel? 

Paragraph 2. (a) What did the Legislature of 1723 pass? (b) Who were appointed to govern 
the schools? (cj Who were the visitors to the Anne Arundel Schools? (d) To what time did this 
system of public schools continue? 

Paragr.4lPh 3. (o) What other institutions of learning were in the county and Annapolis besides 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 107 

;iud one of these was kept, in 1752, by James Elston, a Catholic, about six miles 
from Annapolis. Elston accommodated his theological teachings to the require- 
ments of his patrons, stating that he would educate such of the people's children in 
the Catholic religion as approved of it, and such as did not he would educate in the 
Protestant way. The desire for learning in Annapolis brought private educators to 
the city, and one of these, William Clayton, announced through the Gazette, that 
" the Subscriber having, by a great Application, acquired a reasonable knowledge of 
the English Grammar, he professes to Teach the same at the Free School of 
Annapolis. Those Parents who cannot afford their sons spending several years in 
the learning of Greek and Latin, may, by this Proposal, procure to them the only 
Benefit commonly expected from these Languages. The Learning of their own : 
Besides, their daughters can as easily enjoy the same Advantage. As he does not 
take upon himself to Teacli English Pronunciation, (which will be Taught, as usual, 
by Mr. Wilmot) he hopes no judicious Person will make any Objections to his 
being a Foreigner ; and that, as his Proposal is of a self-evident Advantage to 
Youth, he will meet with good Encouragement. His terms are very moderate, being 
only Thirty Shillings, additional to what is allowed Mr. Wilmot. N. B. This will 
make no Alteration to the Price given me for Teaching French, Latin and Greek." 

•4. Learning in the country was attended in its acquisition with the dangers 
incident to the yet unconquered wilderness. On the north side of the Severn, near 
the mouth of the south bank of the Magothy, was a gi-eat forest of live hundred 
acres. Past this deep wood the children of Mr. Richard Moss had to pass to go to 
school. One morning, led by James, the elder of the group, as the children were 
on their way to school, as they opened a gate on the public road, they saw a bear 
feeding a short distance away. Grasping the youngest child by the hand, James 
ran back home all the way, a mile and a half, nearly exhausting the smallest of the 
group, to tell of the presence of bruin. Mr. Moss summoned his colored hands 
and they proceeded to the place where the bear was, and killed him. This was 
about, or in, the year 1754. 

5. In 1785, St. John's College was opened. It succeeded to the Library and 
property of King William's School, and, like its predecessor, diffused the benefits 
of liberal learning throughout the county of Anne Arundel, as well as contribu- 
ting to the cause of education in the State and nation. Many of its graduates 
have done splendid work in the service of the State, and not a few in that of the 
country at large. William Pinkney, the celebrated diplomat, was a student at King 
William's School, and Reverdy Johnson, statesman and lawyer, and Francis Scott 
Key, author of The Star-Spangled Banner, graduated at St. John's. 

public schools? (b) Who, though debarred by law, kept a school about sis miles from Annapolis? 
(c) In what manner did Elston propose to teach on religious questions? (d) What did William 
Clayton announce in the Gazette? 

PABAfiR.iPH 4. (a) With what was the acquisition of learning attended in the county? (b) 
What incident occurred to the children of Mr. Kichard Moss, of North Severn, while on their way to 
school? Ic) What did Mr. Moss do? (d) What year was this? 

Paragraph 5. {a) When was St. John's College opened? (6) To what did it succeed? (c) Who 
was scholar at King William's School and who were at St. John's who acquired great fame? 



108 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

6. After the American Eevolutiou, a legislative act was required as each new 
school house was asked by the patrons. The State enlarged, from Session to 
Session, the system of appropriating revenues from s^jecial sources to sustain the 
public schools as had been inaugurated in colonial times. Anne Arundel was one 
of the first counties to obtain a special Act to enable it to give education to those 
children whose parents could not afford them the means of instruction. To this 
system was added that of absolute local district government. Each school district 
in a county was given control of its schools, the election of its teachers and trustees, 
and the settlement of the rate of school taxes. Only tax-payers could vote at these 
meetings. These assemblages became polls where antagonistic factions waged per- 
sonal or political warfare for supremacy and for the management of the schools. 

7. By the Constitution of 186-i, an elaborate system of general public educa- 
tion, under one head, was adopted. The present system is a modification of that 
one. The whole public instruction of the State is new, with the exception of that 
of the City of Baltimore, which has a separate system, under the general manage- 
ment of the State Board of Education, with local Boards, called School Commis- 
sioners, appointed by the Governor, in the several counties of the State, which have 
the direct control of their county schools. The Board of County School Commis- 
sioners in Anne Arundel consists of William S. Crisp, Robert Murray, and Geoi-ge 
T. Melvin. Henry Randall Wallace is the County School Examiner. 

8. The serious difficulty in the present school system of the county is the 
large number of colored children for whom Anne Arundel is expected to provide 
education. The parents of the children are not, in any degree commensurate with 
the expense of the school taxes, tax-payers, so that the burden is thrown upon the 
white tax-payers to support both the white and colored schools. The tax-payers 
do not feel able to support both classes of schools as the conditions require, and 
yet the countj' cannot afford to let the colored people grow up in ignorance. 



Paeageaph 6. (a) What was required after the Eevolution when patrons needed a new school 
house? (6) What did the State enlarge from Session to Session? (c) What county was one of the 
first to obtain a special act to give education to children whose parents had not the means to 
educate them? (d) What was added to this sj'stem? (e) Wlio voted to settle the rate of the public 
school tax? 

Paeageaph 7. (a) What was adopted by the Constitution of 18C4? (b) In whose hands now 
is the whole public instruction of the State, save in the City of Baltimore? (c) Who compose, at 
present, the Board of County School Commissioners in Anne Arundel? (d) What is the serious 
difBculty in the present school system in Anne Arundel? (c) What can the county not afford? 




nil, lin-^luli'l. h. ANNA] 




WOODWARD HALL, ST. JOHNS COLLEGE. 



A HISTOKY OF ANXE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



CHAPTER THIRTY-SEVENTH. 



TOWNS IN ANNE ARUNDEL. 



FKIENDSHIP. 

1. The village of Friendship, in the Eighth Election District of Anne Arundel 
county, was founded by Isaac Simmons, in the year 1804. It is located one mile 
east of a cove called "Chew's Cove," leading into Herring Bay, and thence to the 
Chesapeake. It is 22 miles south of Annapolis, in north latitude 38 degree.s, and 
34 minutes, and west longitude 75 degrees, and 9 minutes, and lies on the post 
road from Annapolis to St. Leonard's Town, and a cross road from the Bay to the 
Patuxent River. Tradition tells that this place was once a public held in the olden 
times, for various kinds of sports. A reputation for the iniquity of the locality has 
been also preserved. About the year 178.5, David Weem.s, a devout man, procured 
subscriptions, and built a house on the site of the place, and this to this day is 
called " Weems's Preaching House." In 1804, Isaac Simmons selected Friendship 
as his place of abode, bought a piece of ground, built several small cottages, 'for the 
accommodation of meclianics, and suitable shops to work in, and to follow his occu- 
pation. Mr. Simmons purchased more ground, both in 1805 and in 1806, each 
l)li)t being near the old meeting house. In 1806, Samuel Gott built a house and 
entered into the mercantile business. The Methodists in 1806, sent two ministers 
to the Calvert Circuit, which included Friendship in it. Their names were Eli 
Towne and Thomas Currau. After i^i'^aching in 1807, Mr. Towne was taken ill, 
and received great kindness from the villagers, but refused to leave the place where 
he laj' — the floor. The next morning he arose much better, and thereupon gave the 
name of " Fi-iendship " to the little hamlet. "Gieeuhead" was at one time a loca] 
name of the place. Mr. Towne was the first minister to spend a night in the village 

2. The first United States mail arrived in the hamlet on March 3rd, 1807, 
directed to Friendship — ^Samuel Gott, postmaster. In the year 1825, the Rev. R. S. 
D. Jones was made the Methodist minister, and he found added to tlie original 
cottages, dwellings by Samuel Wood, Wm. P. Hardesty, Dr. Benj. Carr and Robert 
Griffith, a dwelling and a store-house. There were also other buildings, the names 
of whose owners are now lost. Henry Childs also had a store in the place. Rev. 
Louis Sutton also had a store. William Urquhart was the Tavern Keeper of the 
village, and John S. Ward and Thomas Crane, the shoemakers, and Eli Weedon, 
the tailor, John Wise was the blacksmith. 



Paragraph 1. (a) Where is the village of Friendship? (6) By whom was it founded? (c) Who 
secured funds in 1785 and built a preaching house in the place? (d) Who gave the name of Friend- 
ship to tlie place? 

Pajbaobaph 2. (a) When did the first mail arrive in Friendship? 



110 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARDNDEL COUNTY. 

3. All Academy was commenced in the village, but it soon closed, and John W. 
AVood bought the house. The Nat Turner insurrection in South Hampton County, 
Va., in 1831, caused great excitement in this and other sections, and a military com- 
pany was formed at Friendship, with Cephas Simmons, Captain. The Govei-nor 
sent the Company a lot of flint muskets as weajDons, and other accoutrements. Tiie 
organization was continued for several years. A Temperance Sermon was preached 
in the village on March 4, 1832, by the Rev. Nicholas J. Watkins, and a Temper- 
ance society oi-ganized. The old frame church was sold, in 1833, and a new brick 
one built. Daring the first week after its dedication, on Wednesday evening, when 
the Eev. Zackariah Jordan was preaching, and the church was well-lighted by the 
lamps in the gallery and pulpit, they were suddenly dimmed and the Church was 
filled with a reddish haze, similar to that sometimes seen about the moon. The 
preacher in the pulpit appeared as if surrounded by a blaze of fire. The scene was 
most wonderful. Men, not given to demonstrations, fell ofi" their seats and others 
shouted aloud. It made a powerful impression upon those who witnessed this 
remarkable spectacle. 

•4. In 1843, a number of citizens organized a lyceum and debating society, and 
on July 4, 1844, a joint celebration of the debating and temperance societies was 
held, and it was an occasion of much patriotic demonsti-ation. The village of Friend- 
ship now numbers about 200 inhabitants. Friendship is beautifully located in a 
picturesque country, in the centre of a busy people, and still deserves its cognomen 
by the genuine hosjjitality and courtesy of its inhabitants. 

JAMESTOWN. 

.5. Jamestown, formerly known as Scrabbletown, is located on the broad and 
beautiful Road River. The first house was built in it by Captain Daniel Ball, 
about the year 1840. The town received its original name from this incident : — 
William McCarter came to pay a visit to his friend Ball. The place was then such 
a wilderness that McCarter was many hours wandering about the locality trying to 
find his friend's house. When, towards evening, he did locate the house, he 
announced that " I've been scrabbling about here all day trying to find you." The 
name of the village was changed about five years since to Jamestown. There is no 
historic or local significance in the name. There are about a hundred inhabitants 
in the village. 

LONDONTOWN. 

6. One of the most ambitious, abortive efforts of the early settlers of Anne 
Arundel to establish a town was on the south bank of South River, about four 
miles from its mouth. This section was settled in 1650, Richard Beard receiving 



Paragraph 3. (a) What caused great excitement in Friendship? (b) What was then formed 
in the village? (c) What phenomenon occurred at the dedication of the new brick church in Friend- 
ship in 1833? 

Paragraph 4. (a) How many inhabitants has Friendship? (6) How is the village situated? 

Paragraph 5. (a) When, where, and how was Jamestown settled? 

Paragraph 0. («) When was Londontown settled? Can you name some of its early settlers? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. Ill 

tlie first grant of land. He had a lot of ground surveyed for bim called Poplar 
Xeck, January (J, 1650, on the south side of South Eiver." On the same day, George 
Puddingt.in had " Puddington " on the same side of South Kiver surveyed for him. 
January 21, I60I, William Burgess had " Burgess " surveyed, and October 21, 1652, 
Elin Brown had a track s\irveyed that he afterward assigned to John Brewer. The 
name of Londoutown was not known uutii 1684, when Thomas Liuthicum asked for 
a certificate for lot 33 in Londontown. The year before, 1G83, under Act of 
Assembly, vessels were allowed to load and unload on Colonel Burgess's land on 
South Kiver. This was Londontown. In 1703, Col. Henry Kidgelv had a lot in 
Londontown, which he sold to David Macklefresh, and Richard Welsh owned one in 
Londontown about the same time. From that period to 1740, amongst the owners 
of lots in Londontown, were William Muckubin, Elinore Eumney, Richard 
Snowden, Elizabeth Carpenter, Thomas Dunep, Patrick Sympson, Elizabeth Mitchell, 
Samuel Peale, Anthony Bale, Thomas Gas.saway, John Duvall, John Baldwin, 
William Chapman, Benjamin Freeman, Richard Moore, Richard Hill, Ellis Davis, 
John Burgess, James Carroll, William Claflin, John Lewis, William Wootten, 
James Mount, May Moore, Samuel Moole, William Peale, John Gassaway, Josiah 
Lowgood, Richard Jones, Jr., James Dick, Elizabeth Peale and Elizabeth Merrick. 
They represented an excellent class of citizens. Col. William Burgess was a 
great man in this communitj-. He was its leader, and while the town did not have 
the standing of Annapolis, yet it had sufficient means to warrant, when it was 
first proposed for the King to quarter ti'oops on this Province, because the Lower 
House would not vote war supplies for the French and Indian War to please His 
Majesty, that Londontown was to have one, while Annapolis was to have four com- 
l)anies. In the end Annapolis had five companies quartered upon its citizens, 
and New London, or Londontown, did not have any sent to it. 

BROOKLYN. 

7. Brooklj'n is situated in the Fifth Election District of Anne Ai-undel County, 
and lies on the southwest bank of Patapsco River. This town owes its origin to 
the Patapsco Company that was incorporated by the Maryland Legislature in 1853. 
The company was authorized to buy and sell land in Anne Arundel County. A 
l)rospective town was laid out in lots and a plat of it made with streets, avenues and 
a public square. When Mi'. R. W. Templeman came into the employ of the 
Patapsco Company in 1857, he found a small map of the place in the office of the 
company, from which a larger plat was made, and the coming city was named either 
by him, he states, or some one else — "Brooklyn." This title was, undoubtedly, 
given the new towu on account of its proximity to Baltimore, with a river separating 
it, as was situated the greater Brooklyn to the city of New York. In a few years 
the South Baltimore Harbor and Improvement Company bought out the rights of 
the Patapsco Company, and proceeded to develop Brooklyn. Amongst the earliest 
purchasers of lots in lirooklyn, were Conrad Stoll, in 1856 ; Adam Gischel, in 1857 ; 



Pabagraph 7. (a) Where is Brooklyn situated? (b) How was it settled, and by whom? 



112 A HISTOUY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

Samuel G. Acton, in 1857 ; A. Grothy, in 1858 ; Jacob F. Hooter, in 18«0 ; John 
T. McPliersou, in 1862. Curtis Bay is a development on the south of Brooklyn 
about two miles. Many manufacturing establishments are located there. Mason- 
ville is a small village lying between Cui-tis Bay and Brooklyn. Curtis Bay is 
located at the mouth of Curtis Creek. This locality is also known as South Balti- 
more. The section, comprised in the territory from Brooklyn to Curtis Bay, is a 
growing and enterprising one, and now numbers four or five thousand inhabitants. 
None of these towns are incorporated. 

ODENTON. 

8. Odenton is a village of two hundred inhabitants lying in the Fourth Election 
District of Anne Arundel, fourteen miles northwest of Annapolis, at the intersec- 
tion of the Baltimore and Potomac and the Annapolis, Washington and Baltimore 
Railroads. Its origin was due to the biiilding of the Baltimore and Potomac Kail- 
road and its intersection with the Annapolis, Washington and Baltimore Road. The 
new station on the Potomac Road was named Odenton after Governor Oden Bowie, 
then the president of the Potomac Railroad. Mr. Peter Watts who owned the land 
through which the railroad -passed, built the first house in the new town, and opened 
a general merchandise store. The railroad was built in 1867, and the town began 
immediately to develop. 

EASTPORT. 

9. This town contains about one thousand inhabitants. The first dwelling-house 
built on it was erected in 1857 by Henry Medford, and still stands near the Marine 
Railway. The Mutual Building Association, of Annapolis, James Revell, President, 
about 1867, purchased the larger part of the tract of land, now occupied by the 
town, made a plat of the place, and built a bridge from Annapolis to Horn Point, 
as it was then called. This company developed the town, though its growth was, 
at first, slow. Since the large additions to the Naval Academy, the sale of lots and 
the building of houses has greatly increased in Eastport. About the year 1888, a 
petition was signed by a number of the oldest inhabitants asking that a postoffice 
be established at the village under the name of Eastport. This name was suggested 
by Mr. Charles J. Murphy who was interested in developing the town, and was so 
chosen because Eastport was the name of his native city in Maine. The town of 
Eastport stands upon historic ground. • Here in 1655-6, for the first time in America, 
Englishmen met Englishmen in deadly array. Here were Revolutionary Fortifica- 
tions, and here stood Fort Horn in the war of 1812. This was named after Con- 
gressman Van Horn, an ardent friend of Annapolis. The real historic name of 
the village, as tested by the rule usually observed in Maryland, should be Van Horn 
City. 



Pabagbaph 8. (a) Where is Odenton located? (b) Can you give a history of the village? 
Pabagkaph 9. (a) Where is Eastport located? (b) Give a history of this town. 




THE CARROLL MANSION, 
wiii'il by tlio Older of Redemptorists. This was the residenc 
1)11, of Carrolltoii. It is a very ant^ient building, some portio 
been located to have been l)iiill soniewhcfc about the year 




\. 1)\\ LLL1N(, 

Elected about the J eai 1770 by (tO\ William Paca sigiiei of tli( 

Declaration of Independence and Governor of Maryland. 

Now occupied in part as> the Cai\el House. 



A HISTORY OF AXXE ARUNDEL COCNTY. IIB 

GALLOWAYS. 

10. Galloways, a town of three Luudred and fifty inhabitants, is situated on 
West Eiver, in the First Election District of Anne Arundel County. It was settled 
about 18-t.5, and was named after John Galloway, who had a large tract of land in 
this neighborhood under a grant from Lord Baltimore. The owner of this tract 
was the first person to import clover and timothy to this country. One Mr. Crouch 
was the first person to build a house in Galloways. The earliest settlers, beside 
the pioneer builder, were A. C. Gibbs, Wm. F. Hause, Captain Tucker, Stephen Lee 
Linthicum, Augustus Lerch, Emile E. Lerch. George Gale, once the owner of the 
land on which Galloways stands, did much toward inducing and assisting people to 
settle here, and, for a long time, and even at the present time, the place is known as, 
and called, " Galesville." In July, 1879, through the recommendation and influence 
of Hon. Alexander B. Hagner, a postofSce was established at Galloways. The 
name was suggested by Judge Hagner. Emile E. Lerch was appointed the first 
postmaster of the town. 

ST. MARGARETS. 

11. The village of St. Margarets takes its name from St. Margareas Parish, 
whose church is in tiie village. The Parish is supposed to have taken its name 
from St. Margarets Chapel, Westminster, England. The first church of this parish 
of wliich there is anything known, stood on the north side of Severn, near the 
northern terminus of the Short Line Eailroad Bridge. This church was burned 
down some time in the first half of the 19th century. The present is the third 
chui'ch on the same site in St. Margarets. The second one, a wooden one, was 
burned down. Mr. John Eidout sent his workmen to repair the church, and they, 
accidentally, set fire to it. A small brick church was thereupon erected, and on the 
(piestion of building a new one a mighty dissension occurred in the parish that went 
to the courts for settlement. The outcome of the contention was the building of 
the present church. St. Margarets, though venerable in name, is an origin of the 
present century, probably three-quarters of a century old. The settlers who made 
the village, built in tlie annexed order of time : James T. Tate, G. Duvall, Levi 
Burke, Zacliariah Duval), the Vestry of the Parish in building the rectory, Zacha- 
riah T. Eidout and Frank Duvall. 

GLEN BURNIE. 

12. This village owes its origin to the joint efforts of Henry S. Mancha, of 
Caroline County, and George T. Melvin, of Annapolis. They entered into a con- 
tract with John Glenn, who controlled a tract of land of 3,000 acres, part of which 
is now the site of Glen Burnie, to develop this section. The land lay on the Short 
Line Eailroad and south of Brooklyn, five miles. The place was known as Tracey's 



Paragraph 10. (a) Where is Galloways located? (b) Give a history ofthe town. 

Paragraph 11. («) Where is the village of St. Margarets located? (6) Give a history of the 
k'illage. 

Paragraph 12. (a) Where is Glen Burnie located? (b) Give a histoiy of the village? 



114 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

Station and Myrtle Postoffice. The tract bordered on a stream, with excellent water 
power. In selecting a title of a River in Scotland, for the new town, it carried with 
it, as appropriate, the name of Glenn. The promoters of the town widened the 
main street and opened an eighty-foot avenue, advertised and made sales of many 
lots ; induced a number of familes to settle ; established a few industries. A Pi-ot- 
estant Episcopal Chapel, Town Hall, two stores. Smith and Wheelwright shops. 
Tile and Terra Cotta Factory, were built in the first two years. The County has built 
a fine brick School House, and through the enterprise of Dr. T. H. Brayshaw, one of 
the first settlers, a new Protestant Episcopal Church was erected in 1904 out of the 
material of old Marley Chapel, which was originally built in 1730, with brick that 
came from England. Some of the first settlers who are still residents : Dr. T. H. 
Brayshaw, Edward and Thomas Woodfall and family, florist and contractor, Gustav 
Adolph Lots, florist, Frank Mewshaw, the merchant, W. F. Kuethe, John H. Tilling, 
the Master Smith and Wheelwright. Amongst the other industries are A. C. P. 
Gassinger's turning factory, Wagner's barrel factory. It is the home of Rufus D. 
Phelps, the County Commissioner from 1903 to 1905. He built a fine residence 
here in 1904. The Methodist Protestant Chapel and the Maryland Rifle Range 
are in the suburbs of Glen Burnie. 

CAMP PAROLE. 

13. Camp Parole was the outgrowth of a camp for paroled Federal Prisoners. 
Thirty thousand, captured by the Confederates, have been camped there at one time. 
This camp was established about the year 1862, and the village grew from this 
military establishment. The land was the property of the Welch family. 

MILLERSVILLE. 

14. This village was named after George Miller, who built a store and resi- 
dence there shortly after the railroad was established. The land belonged formerly 
to John Miller, father of George. The origin of the village was early in the forties. 

CENTEALIA. 

15. This town, located at ilie Annapolis Junction, was started as Centralia in 
the year 1864, by a promoter named Hull. The title of the village came from its 
being in a central situation from Washington and Baltimore. 

DAVIDSONVILLE. 

16. This village that lies in the first district was settled about 1835. Thomas 
Davidson, son of James Davidson, building the first house there on land that he 
owned. It has two churches, a Methodist and a Protestant Episcopal, and a 



Paragraph 13. (a) Give a history of Camp Parole. 

Paeageaph 14. (a) Give a history of Millersville. 

Paeageaph 15. (a) Give a history of Centralia. 

Paeageaph 16. (a) Give a history of Davidsoiiville. 



A HISTORY OF ANNE AUUXDEL COUNTV. 115 

Catholic Church is in the vicinity. A public school is located here, postoifice, and 
it has telephone facilities. The village's neatest railroad station is Camp Parole, 
seven miles distant, and it is four miles from navigable water, Taylorsville being its 
closest lauding, on South River. 



CHAPTER THIRTY-EIGHTH. 



ANNAl'OLI.S AND ANNE ARUNDEL THE RESORT OF EXCURSIONISTS. 



1. Annapolis and Anne Arundel, at large, have been, for many years, the resort of 
excursionists, the broad rivers of the county and the majestic Chesapeake giving 
ready access to their beautiful groves and histoi-ic sites that make city and county 
inviting and interesting. Fifty years ago, and even in later times, while the larger 
number of visitors conducted themselves with decorum, occasionally there were 
those who behaved with disregard of the rights of their hosts. One notable 
occasion of this character was the visit of the Jewess, on July 5, 1847, having on 
board the Eagle Artillerists, Col. Geo. P. Kane, and the Columbian Riflemen, Capt. 
Roljert McAllister, and about seven hundred other passengers. The excursionists 
had been disappointed in not reaching St. Michaels, on account of the heavy load 
and tlie disabled condition of the steamer. While many of the passengers con- 
ducted themselves with propriety, others acted in a disorderly manner in the city. 
2. In this spirit some of the e.Kcursionists returned to the boat and a body of 
citizens gathered at the wharf to see the steamer depart. From the deck some one 
tlirew into the crowd of citizens on the wharf two halves of a lemon. This was all 
that was needed to give vent to the bad feelings that had been engendered on both 
sides. A violent encounter then occurred between the citizens and the excursion- 
ists, in which Ijricks and fii-earms were used, the soldiers on the Jewess using their 
guns upon the citizens. Mr. Daniel T. Hyde, of Annapolis, used his best endeavors 
to prevent bloodshed, and acted in a most heroic manner, in the end going to the 
wharf and casting lose the steamer's hawser, in order that she might leave and 
thus stop the conflict. 



Paragraph 1. (a) Of whom is Annapolis and Anne Arundel the resort? (b) What gives access 
to their beautiful groves and historic sites? (c) How did these excursionists conduct themselves 
fifty years ago? (d) When did a notable riot occur between citizens of Annapolis and excursionists? 
(e) Who were the excursionists? 

Paragraph 2. (a) What started the riot? (6) Who used his best endeavors to prevent blood- 
shed? (c) How did he act? 



116 A HISTORY OF ANNK ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

3. Col. Kaue was at cliuner iu Annapolis, when lie heard tbe report of fire- 
arms. He started immediately for the Jewess. Before he reached the steamer, 
Judge Nicholas Brewer had arrived at the wharf. Judge Brewer began, on his 
arrival, immediately an effort to restore jjeace, while the , disorderly on the boat 
hurled at him offensive epithets. The women on the boat were thrown into a 
great state of alarm, some, in their freight, attempting to throw themselves over- 
board, as the work of getting them below proceeded with a haste born of the 
exigency of the situation. Mr. Hyde endeavored to aid the dej^arture of the boat 
by calling upon Captain McAllister to assist him. The reply the peacemaker 
received was: "He was responsible for all he said and did," as the captain gave 
significance to his words by waving his sword valiantly around his head. 

4. Judge Brewer was the particular target of the maddened excursionists on 
the boat, and, while assisted by Officer John Lamb, the cry on the boat went up 
"Shoot that oflicer, I mistrust him." Three rifles were leveled upon the Judge. 
A friendly hand knocked two of the rifles out of aim, but the third was discharged, 
though without efl'ect. Meanwhile, as bricks, bullets and other missels were flying 
between the opposing forces, some citizens of Annapolis secured a cannon, and 
jjlacing it in position, trained it on the steamer to shoot at it as it passed within 
range in going out. Judge Brewer put his toothpick in the touch-hole, and stepping 
before the muzzle of the gun, declared that the cannon could only be fired by its 
load going through his body. In this effort of peace he was assisted by Colonel 
Kane who, finding his appeals not to discJiarge the gun of no avail, threw himself 
over the breech, and with a hand over the muzzle of the gun, announced that the 
gun could only be discharged by blowing him to pieces. These brave, joint efforts 
finally quelled the purposes of the mob. Mr. Hyde, in his testimony, at the subse- 
quent legal inquiry, declared the loading of the cannon a farce, some wanted to do 
one thing and some another, meanwhile the steamer was getting out of reach all the 
time. 

5. Ml'. John W. Brady, whilst assisting in quelling the riot was shot in both 
legs and seriouslj^ hurt. T. C. Loockerman received a slight wound iu the leg ; 
Basil McNew was badly wounded in the side ; Watkins Hall had two toes shot 
off; Edward BarroU was very dangerously wounded in the thigh. When Hall and 
Loockerman, who were actively engaged in throwing stones fell, Mi'. Hyde testified 
that " the people on board the boat hurrahed enough for an election day." All the 
wounded were Annapolitans. None died from the efl'ects of their wounds. No 
Baltimoreans ajjjjear to have been injured. The judicial investigation fastened 
guilt ujjon no one, and no punishment was meeted out to the rioters. 



Paragraph 3. (a) Who attempted to restore peace? (6) What effect had it upon the pas- 
sengere? (c) Upon whom did Mr. Hyde call for assistance to aid the departure of the boat? (d). 
Wiiat reply did Captain McAllister make? 

Paragraph 4. (a) Who was the particular target of the maddened excursionists? (6) How 
many rifles were levelled at once upon the Judge? (c) What prevented him from being shot? (d) 
In the meanwhile what weapons were being used by the opposing forces? (e) Wliat was then 
brought to the wharf by the citizens of Annapolis? (/) Who prevented tlie cannon's discharge into 
the excursionists? 

Paragraph 5. (a) Who were injured in the encounter? (h) Upon wliom did the judicial 
inquiry fasten the guilt? 




THE ALMSHOUSE OF ANNE ARUNDEL. 
A Colonial Building at Londontown, South Kive 




I 111: COUKT HOUSE, AT AXNAPOLI.-- 



A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 117 

0. Einuetes iu those days were most frequent between visitors and citizens, but 
a better spirit prevails in these times, and seldom is the peace broken when excur- 
sionists now visit the city or country. The colored people in the city and country, 
however, have developed this spirit largely amongst themselves when bent on 
enjoying a day on the water. 



CHAPTER THIRTY=NINTH. 



THE AREA AND TOPULATION OF ANNE AKUNDEL. 



1. Anne Aiiindel County has an area of 425 square miles. 

2. The population of Anne Arundel County, iu the first stages of its settlement 
and development, can only be estimated. In 1653, the petitions sent by the Puri- 
tans to J3ennett and Claiborne, the Commissioners of Parliament, show that there 
were seventy-seven men on the Severn. That would reasonably give a population 
of nearly four hundred people. In lfi67, the quota of Anne Arundel for the expedi- 
tion about to set out against the Indians, was placed at sixty-two men, being one 
for every tenth person. The enumeration of six hundred and twenty persons in 
Anne Arundel is sustained by the fact that, by the year 1663, four years earlier, 
there had been grants of land in Anne Arnndel County to a hundred men and over. 
By the year 1()94, nearly two thousand grants of land had been made in Anne 
Arundel. This would warrant the conclusion that there wei-e at least six thousand 
or more, of inhabitants, at tliat date, in the county. After the United States took a 
census of the people of tlie Union, figures become reliable. In 1791, the popula- 
tion was 22,598; in 1801, 22,623; in 1811, 26,668 ; in 1821, 27,165; in 1830, 
28,295 ; in 1840, 29,532 ; in 1850, 32,393 ; in 1860, 23,900 ; in 1870, 24,457 ; in 
1880, 28,526 ; in 1890, 34,094 ; in 1900, 40,018.* The great decrease, between 
1850 and 1860, in population, is due to Howard district of the county being made 
a county of itself. 



Paragkaph 6. (a) Wliat prevails iu these times between visitors and citizens? 

Pakagraph 1. (a) What is the area of Anne Arundel County? 

Paragraph 2. (a) In what way only can the first stages of population of Anne Arundel County 
be ascertained? (6) What estimate may be made of its population in 1653? (c) By what means is 
this estimate male? (d) What estimate may be made in 1667? (e) By what means is that estimate 
made? (/) What was the population of Anne Arundel in 1791 by the first United States Census? 
Ig) What is its population now by the Federal census? (h) What accounts for the decrease of 
population in Anne Arundel between the years 1850 and 1860? 

*FedcTaI ceusus. The State census makes a less number. 



118 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



CHAPTER FORTIETH. 



OLD FASHIONS DISAPPEAR IN ANNE ARUNDEL. 



1. Ill the "Forties," — the decade between 1840 and 1850 — Anne Arundel 
County was Hooded with individual money more particularly known as " shin-plas- 
ters." The currency laws of the State and Nation were most liberal, and not a few 
took advantage of this to issue this class of currency, which circulated on the faith of 
the receivers, but who sometimes failed to have the gratification of the redemption 
of these promises to pay. 

2. One feature of the issue redounded greatly to the benefit of the maker of 
the currency. There was a stipulation upon each note that the money would be 
redeemed when presented to the maker in a certain specified amount. This sum was 
so great that few, if any, were able to obtain the amount required to secure a 
redemption. These notes were of the denomination of six and a-quarter cents, 
twelve and a-half and twenty-five. The two first sums were known in common 
language, respectively, as "lips" and "levies." 

3. The issue of this currency was confined to traders, merchants and men in 
business. The reason for the issue was the scarcity of small currency. At that 
time there was very little small government money in circulation. Dimes were 
nearly as scarce as dollars, and cents were of the old-fashioned copper type — an 
inch in diameter, thick and heavy, and very unwieldly for change. 

4. Amongst the firms, latest in Annapolis, to issue this individual currency, 
was that of Hall Bros., John and Ejjhraim, who kept a store on West street. These 
notes, as a class, were beautifully engraved. Much of this currency was lost in the 
course of trade, and this became another source of profit to its makers. Stringent 
laws of State and Nation, passed in the last sixty years, have abolished the system. 

5. Concurrent with the disappearance of individual paper money, another 
fashion of the day began to abate — the queue and colonial dress of the men. The 
queue was a maik of social standing. Few only were those of inferior station who 
had the temerity to assume the queue. This adornment was a jjlait of the hair. 



Pabageaph 1. (a) With what kind ot money was Anne Arundel flooded in the decade 
1840 and 1850? (6) What was most liberal in those days? 

Paragraph 2. (a) To whose benefit did the issue redound? (&) What provision in the issue 
caused this benefit? 

Paragraph 3. («) To what classes was this issue confined? (6) What was very scarce in those 
times? 

Paragraph 4. (a) What firm was one of the latest in Annapolis to issue this currency? (6) 
How were these notes engraved? (c) What abolished this system of individual money? 

Paragraph 5. (a) What fashion began to abate concurrent with that of individual paper 
money? (6) Of what was the queue a mark? (c) What was this adornment? (d) What was the 



A HISTORY OF AXNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 119 

three or ff)nr inches in leugth at the back of the head, tied up in ribbon The 
dignified gentlemen of the day, with their long black or blue Washington coats, and 
the brass buttons, long buff vests, knee breeches, silk stockings, pumps with their 
silver buckles, and queues, driving up from their country seats in Anne Arundel, 
were yet three score years ago, not infrequently to be seen on the streets of 
Annapolis. The dress gave emphasis to the dignity of bearing of these gentlemen 
of the old Maryland school. Amongst the latest of those who retained the hand- 
some colonial dress and wore the queue were the Hugheses, McCeneys and Mercers 
of the county. In the city of Annapolis, the last person to wear the queue was 
Mr. Henry Holland. His grace and dignity as he walked, on Sunday mornings, 
prayer-book in hand, to the sei-vices at St. Ann's, are still in the memory of some 
yet living. 



CHAPTER FORTY-FIRST. 



CONDITIONS IN ANNE ARUNDEL. 



1. The county of Anne Arundel has a fertile and kindly soil adapted to the 
growth of fruits, ben-ies, vegetables in some portions of it, and, in others, to the 
production of wheat, corn, oats and kindred cereals. Tobacco is a staple, and is of 
excellent quality. The people of Anne Arundel, in general, are law-abiding and 
industrious^few native whites come before the courts charged with serious criminal 
offences. 

2. Education is generall}- diffused throughout the county. In 1900, there were 
11,147 males in Anne Arundel over the age of 21 years. Of these there were 5,030 
native whites, who were reckoned under the United States Census as literates, with 
375 native white illiterates.* There were, in the same class, 2,058 colored literates 
and 1,945 illiterates ; and of naturalized literates, 588 ; illiterates, 118 ; first paper 
citizens, literate, 94 ; illiterate, 33 ; aliens, 348 literates, 177 illiterates ; of unknown 
origin, 275 literates and 106 illiterates. It will thus be observed that the great. 



dress of a gentleman of the day? (e) Who were some of the county gentry who retained to the 
latest the queue? (/) Who was the last person in Annapolis to wear the queue? 

Paragraph 1. (a) What kind of soil has Anne Arundel? (6) To the growth of what is it 
adapted? (c) What is the general character of the people of Anne Arundel? 

Paragraph 2. (a) What in general diffused throughout the county? (6) How many males over 
twenty-one were in Anne Arundel in 1900? (c) Of these how many were native white literates as 
reckoned by the United States Census? (d) Of the 11,147 male literates over tweuty-one how many 
were colored? (e) By these figures what is observed? 

♦Those who cannot write. 



120 A HIHTOEY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

proportion of whites and a, majority of the colored voters iu Anne Arundel county 
are able to write. 

3. The increase of whites over the colored people in Anne Arundel is marked. 
This is due, in part, to white emigration to the county. In 1880, the two races 
were nearly equal in numbers in Anne Arundel, the whites numbering 14,649 and the 
colored people 13,877. In 1890, the white population was 19,580, and the colored 
14,509. In 1900, the whites numbered 24,234, and the colored people 15,367— a 
difference of 8,869 between the two races, that twenty years ago was only 772. 

4. Anne Arundel has steadily increased in population, excepting in the decade 
between 1850 and 1860, the county losing in that period from the same cause by 
which it decreased in population, a large part of its area. The Constitution of 1851 
created Howard, out of Anne Arundel. This section was a most prosperous part 
of Anne Arundel and was populated by an intelligent, prosperous and superior class 
of citizens. Since it became a county, Howard has taken a leading part in the 
politics of the State. It has furnished three Governors to the State, Thomas W. 
Ligon, John Lee Carroll and Edwin Warfield, and the present senior Senator in the 
United States Senate, from Maryland, Arthur P. Gorman, is a citizen of Howard. 
Anne Arundel, itself, also gave the State three Executives — Thomas Johnson, 
William Paca, and Benjamin Ogle. 

5. Anne Arundel is a military centre — Annapolis having four military organi- 
zations in its midst — the Naval Academy, The School of Application for the educa- 
tion of Marine Officers, St. John's College, and two companies of the Maryland 
National Guard, 'vith large bodies of sailors and marines, at the Naval Academy. 
St. John's i-anks especially high as a military institution, making of its students 
entering after graduation the Naval Academy and West Point. The college is one 
of the six military colleges in the United States which are allowed io appoint an 
officer in the Kegular Army. One of the latest government military inspectors, in 
his official report, stated that the graduates of St. John's were capable of com- 
manding men in the Eegular Ai-my. 

6. The county of Anne Arundel fronts eastward on the Chesapeake Bay, and, 
within its territory are five rivers, amongst them, the Severn, one of the most 
beautiful sheets of water of its size in the country ; the others are the Magothy, 
South, Koad and West rivers. On the north and northeast is the Patapsco, and 
Howard County lies on the northwest ; the Patuxent river separates the county from 



Paragraph 3. (a) What increase is marked in Anne Arundel? (b) Towliat is tiiis due in part? 
(c) Wiiat was tlie number of whites in Anne Arundel in 1880? ((Z) What was the number of colored 
people in Anne Arundel in 1890? (c) Give the population of the two races in the county in 1900? 

Paragraph 4. (a) What decreased the area of Anne Arundel in 1851 as well as its population? 
(6) How many Governors of the State have come from Howard county since 1851? (o) How many 
executives has Anne Arundel given the State? 

Paragraph 5. (a) Of what centre is Anne Arundel? (b) What four military organizations 
exist in Annapolis? 

Paragraph 6. (a) On what does Anne Arundel front on the eastward? (b) How many rivers 
are in the county? (c) Wliat are their names? 




•ber Shop, where Caton shaved Gen. Washini,'!. 

Anuapolis in 1783 to resign his militaiy (■(iiiiuii 

The shop has now a shed attached to it. 



A HISTORY OF AJTN'E AECTNDEL COUNTY. 121 

Prince George's on the west, and Calvert County lies on the south. Anne Arundel 
is chiefly a level county, with a few tall and commanding elevations. Its views 
give most beautiful prospects. 

7. The tax-rate for 1905 in Anne Arundel was : County Tax, 73 cents on the 
$100 ; School Tax, 25 cents on the $100 ; State Tax, 23| cents on the $100. 
The road tax, in addition, in the several districts in the county, was : First District, 
30 cents on the $100 ; Second District, 26 cents on the $100 ; Third District, 90 
cents on the $100 ; Fourth District, 60 cents on the $100 ; Fifth District, 60 cents 
on the $100 ; Eighth District, 18 cents on the $100. There is no seventh district 
in Anne Arundel, and the sixth is Annapolis, which pays municipal taxes instead of 
road taxes. 

8. Annapolis, the State Capital, is the only incorporated town in the county, 
hut there are others growing in size and importance, such as Brooklyn, South Balti- 
more, Galloways, Friendship, Eastport, Germantown and Camp Parole. The popu- 
lation of Annapolis is 8,525. In 1890 its population was 7,604. It was named after 
Queen Anne. 

9. It is estimated that there are 4,500 farms in Anne Arnndel County. Some 
of the earliest and finest berries and fruits find their way to the markets from these 
farms. The canning and packing of vegetables, in connection with this industry, is 
large and growing. 

10. Considerable numbers of oysters and fish are taken from the waters of 
Anne Arundel, and for the year ending May, 1905, it is reported that 43,800 bushels 
of oysters were packed or shipped. It is estimated 150,000 bushels were caught 
in Anne Arundel waters. About 2,000 persons are employed in the taking and 
canning or packing of oysters and fish, and find a good living in this industry. 
Among the leading firms may be mentioned : C. W. Martin & Co., Charles H. 
Russell, Cluirles A. DuBois, James Johnson, Walter Clark, Martin Wagner <t Co., 
and a number of others, mostly located at Annapolis. 

11. In addition to the Tolchester Steamboat Company's route, the Annapolis, 
West and South River line of boats, the county is reached by the Annapolis, Wash- 
ington and Baltimore Railroad, the Baltimore and Potomac and the Annapolis and 
Baltimore Short Line, tlius oflfering ample facilities for reaching the market with 
the products and manufactures of the county. 



Pabageaph 7. (a) Give the tax rate of Anne Arundel for 1905? 

Pakagkaph 8. (a) What is the only incorporated town in Anne Arundel? (6) What other 
lilace.s are growing in importance? (c) What is the population of Annapolis? 

Paragraph 9. (a) How many farms are there in Anne Arundel? (b) From these farms what 
are sent to market? (c) What is growing In connection with the raising of fruits and berries? 

Paragraph 10. (a) What are taken from the waters of Anne Arundel? (6) How many bushels 
of oysters were packed or shipped in Anne Arundel in 1905? {<•) What is the estimated catch in 
Anne Arundel lieside these shipments? (d) How many persons are employed in the county in taking 
and packing oysters? 

Paragraph 11. (a) What are the means of transportation in the county? 



122 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

12. While the m;uiiifactures of Anne Arundel are not numerous, yet some of 
the largest manufacturing houses of the State are located in South Baltimore, Anne 
Arundel County, which is a manufacturing centre. Among the largest industries 
in Anne Arundel are the Murtin Waguer Packing Company, packers and canners of 
all kinds of fruits, vegetables and oysters ; the East Brooklyn Box Factory, the 
Monumental Chemical Works, the Chemical Chrome Works, the Maryland Car 
Wheel Works, the National Supply Company, the South Baltimore Steel Car 
Foundry, which together represents a capital of over $3,500,000, and the output 
annually, when all are at work, is upwards of $7,000,000. They employ nearly 2,000 
hands. Other large packers and manufacturers in Anne Arundel are : Noah H. 
Green, fruit packer, Benfield ; David Wigley, canning factory, Gambrill's Packing 
Company, Gambriil ; W. L. Gardner & Sons, canning factory, C. G. Summers, fruit 
packers, George M. Murray, canning factory, Odenton ; Diamond Dust Soap Powder 
Company, Maryland Bolt and Nut Works, Ryan & McDonald Mfg. Company, man- 
ufacturers of contractors' supplies. South Baltimore Foundry, iron founders ; South 
Baltimore Harbor <fe Improvement Company, South Baltimore ; K. Boswell, canning 
factor}-, Waterbury ; C. Nocklitz, canning factory, St. Margaret's ; Richard H. 
Maynard, canning factory, Woodwardsville ; Carson Bros. Asbestos Pipe Cover- 
ing Factory, Revell's Station ; O. P. Roberts' Canning Factories at Chalk Point 
and Galesville ; Charles S. Tate, canning factory at Arnold's ; Brown Bros, crab 
meat industry at Annapolis. The Sewell chemical factory is now being erected in 
the third district of the county, directly opposite the Naval Academy. 



CHAPTER FORTY=SECOND. 



LEGISLATIVE SCENES IN ANNAPOLIS. 



1. The county of Anne Arundel is in closer touch with the General Assembly 
than any other political division of the State, since the capital is located in its chief 
city. No little part of the public life of the county has been accentuated by this 
proximity of the legislative body to the peojjle of the county. The manj^ highly 
dramatic and politically potential scenes, enacted in their midst, have not failed to 
give the people a keen zest for public affairs and have enabled them to view the 
motives of legislators with a more discerning vision than those of the public farther 
removed from the arena of events. While many of the great scenes of legislative 



Paragraph 12. (a) Where are some of the largest packing houses in the State located? (b) 
Can you name some of tliem? 

PARAaBAPH 1. (a) Why is Anne Arundel in close touch with the General Assembly? 



A HISTORY OF AXXE AEUNDEL COUNTY. 123 

history have been lost to posterity, some have been preserved, and so the color they 
give to the legislative acts, from age to age, lend additional interest to the political 
annals of the State. 

2. The Legislature met in Anne Arundel County for the first time on October 
2, 1683. This was al the Ridge, near Herring Bay. At this session the Lower 
House pursued the subject of the Bill for the Elections of Burgesses to such a degree 
that, on October 2!itli, his Lordbhip called the Speaker and Lower House before 
him and addressed them reminding the members that a whole mouth had passed 
since the A.ssembly had met, and for three weeks they had debated the bill for the 
Advancement of Trade, and said : " ' Tis strange that a Bill that has cost so much 
time and the Province so much Tobacco, and which in itself, Contains the greatest 
Good to this Pro\-ince that, as yet, We can think of, should, at last thus stick. You 
will all of you take it unkindly at my hands should I question whether you come 
here for the public Good, and yet, it plainly appears by the Proceedings of the 
Lower House, That, without I purchase a General Good for the Inhabitants of My 
Province, I must not expect it from Mr. Speaker and the Lower House ; Had I, at 
the first Meeting of this Assembly, prf)posed to you any Particular Advantage to 
my Self, you then might have had some pretence for the making a Bargain for the 
People ; But Since Xotliing of that Nature was Moved to You, why must a General 
Good be had at so Dear a Rate j^ou would Impose upon me ? I Confess the Seeing 
that Message with the Bill for Towns was the Occasion of my telling Gentlemen of 
the Upper House that I would Conclude the Session — this Day, of which I ordered 
the Lower liouse should immediately have Notice, But, having Since Considered with 
how ill a face the Proceedings of this Assembly would look should the Bill for 
Towns at last be Rejected, and, after all endeavors for so great a Good, this present 
Meeting should be now rendered thereby fruitless, especially after so great Expence 
made both at this and the former Assembly upon this Matter, I was resolved to 
Meet you once more befoi-e I concluded this Sessions ; And my Business now is to 
Desire that every pei-son hear will bear an Open forehead, and if this Bill for Towns 
1)6 not that Good I Esteem it to be. That you, Mr. Speaker and the Gentlemen here 
with you, will go to your house and accordingly Vote it so, That so it may be known 
where and at whose Doores it Lyeth. ' Tis not fitt, nor reasonable, that I should 
be thus Imposed on when I only Seek the generall, not my private, Advantage. 
Wlien you catch me at the Latter, Gentlemen, I will give you leave to make Bar- 
gains, and then to use me as you have lately. Pray, Mr. Speaker, you and the 
Gentlemen of the Lower House, go and immediately put what I have now directed 
to the Vote upon these Terms, and no other I am willing to put off the Day of 
Sessions." 

3. The Lower House made reply that they were heartily sorry that any expres- 
sion of their messengers should give his Lordship any distate for their House ; they 



Parageaph 2. (a) When did the Legislatme first meet in Anne Arundel and where? 
caused the Lord Baltimore to call the members of the Lower House before him? 
Paragraph 3. (a) What reply did the Lower House make to Lord Baltimore? 



124 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

bad only wanted, some expression from the Upper House, which was near his 
Lordship, that his Lordship woukl give his assent to the bills "that the said three 
bills might be presented to your Lordship together." "This house," the}- added, 
"could not in the least Imagine your Lordship would deny your Lower House of 
Assembly so reasonable a request for the Settlement of the certainty- in Electing of 
Delegate, &c." 

4. The Lower House then voted his Lordship a gratuity of 100,000 lbs. of 
tobacco, and desired him to signify where he intended to call future Assemblies, 
Provincial Courts and Offices in order that a Committee of both houses might 
" forthwith go out to consult the readiest and best way of making Provision of Build- 
ings fitt for tlie Reception and Accommodation thereof." There was at this time a 
sentiment existing for changing the capital. The efforts of the Lower House were 
unavailing to secure a settled mode of electing delegates, the Proprietary, evidently, 
being adverse to fresh burgesses from the people, and to more of them than he 
could not possibly prevent. 

5. At this session, in reply to a proposition to erect public buildings, Lord 
Baltimore declared that when a " Conveniency shall be provided in South Eiver in 
Anne Arundell County, Sufficient for Eeception of his Lordship and Council, and 
for holding of Assemblies and Provinciall Courts, and the severall and respective 
Offices thereon Depending, his Lordship will make use thereof for such Ends, so 
long as he shall see Convenient." At this time on South River, where Col. William 
Burgess was the leading spirit, there was an effort to build the ancient town called 
New London or Londontown. 

6. During the year, 1683, Lord Baltimore and William Penn had a conference 
at the Ridge upon the disputed boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania. 

7. The second time the Legislature met in Anne Arundel County was on Feb- 
ruary 28th, 1694-5. This meeting was at "Ann-Arundel Town," now Annapolis. 
This session was brief. Three acts only were passed. Amongst them was an act 
to naturalize Daniel Davison, Sr. and Daniel Davison, Jr. The third session in 
Anne Arundel began at Ann-Arundel Town on May 8th, 1605, was a most important 
one, and the session is flavored with many acts ai-ising from the location of the 
Provincial capital, at Annapolis, which had now become the name of Ann-Arundel 
town. 

8. The Lower House was always a very brave body in protecting the riglits of 
the people, and their spirited conduct could not fail to inspire the people of Anne 
Arundel with a high sense of their rights. At the May session, 1744, the Lower 
House refused to vote two thousand pounds more to finish the Governor's house — 



Pabageaph 4. (a) What gratuity did the Lower House vote his Lordship? 
Pakageaph 5. (a) 'Wh.it reply to the citizens of South Eiver did Lord Baltimore make in 
regard to tlieir offer to erect public buildings? 

Pabageaph G. (o) With whom did Lord Baltimore have conference in 1683 at the Eidge? 
Paeaobaph 7. (a) When did the second session of the Legislature take place in Anne Arundel? 
Pabageaph 8. (a) What was the Lower House? (b) Can you give some instances of its bravery? 




Tho ancii'iit Jail of Anne Aiuinlel County, locateil on Calvort Street, Annapi 




The City Doelv, where the citizens of Annapoli.s, on or about the -Mth of Augu> 

1765, met the vessel of the Mainland Stamp Distributor, Zachariah Hood, and, 

after a serious affray, drove away the vessel and would not let Hood land. 



A HISTORY OF A>-NE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 125 

Bladen's Folly. TLe Goveruor, on May 2.5th, .sent the Lower House a lengtliy and 
bitter message complaining that, in offering to give instructions to the Commis- 
sioners to treat with the Indians, the Lower House " has, in this Instance, assumed 
to themselves an authority which a British House of Commons never attempted." 
The Lower House declared, in an address to Lord Baltimore, that the disannulling 
of an act, once made, is an exercise of a legislative power " that is given by the 
Charter to the Proprietary in conjunction with the Freemen of the Province or their 
Delegates," and another resolved, that "We know ourselves to be a Branch of that 
Free People, of whom your Lordship is a Representative, entitled to all their 
Rights and Privileges, and, therefore, we can never submit to the payment of any 
TAX OR IMI'OST BUT WHAT IS LAID UPON US BY LAW." Over and Over again, in the pres- 
ence of the people of Annapolis were these sturdy sentiments announced, and to 
the effect of them may be attributed, in part, at least, the wonderfully bold and 
patriotic conduct of the people of Annapolis when the American Revolution 
approached and was later in the full vigor of conflict. 

9. One of the most extraordinary events of legislative action in Annapolis was 
the attempted arrest in 1757, by the Lower House, of Mr. John Ridout, the Secre- 
tary of the Governor. The Lower House, in its proceedings, stated — that, an 
account, in the expenditure of 6,000 pounds by the Governor, under a grant to his 
Majesty's service, being missing — and, " a new one of a very different Nature, put in 
its Place, we judged it expedient, that, upon the Aj^pointment of the same Person as 
our Clerk, (who at first View must be supposed to be privy to that Exchange of 
Papers), he should be at least Reprimanded for such a Breach of Trust, and told, 
that any future Misconduct must occasion his Removal from it : Upon our Enquiry 
into this affair, a Letter from ^Ir. John Ridout was produced, and Part of it read in 
the House, which is in the following words : 

"'As the Assembly will meet again the 1st of July at farthest, the Governor 
will be impatient to receive your Accounts fully and clearly stated before that Time, 
because the Money is all expended. I before vvi-it to you on this Matters, and left 
several Papers, &c., which had been delivered in, with your Sou at Concocheague.' 

" As, from this Letter, and the Information of Col. Cresap, now a Member of 
our House, (to who that letter was directed) that the Account which had under the 
Examination of the Committee, was one of the Papers mentioned in it, we could not 
but be of opinion, that the Account which was missing, had passed into Mr. Ridout's 
Hands ; and, as our Clerk, denied, that he had delivered it to any Person whatever, 
and alleged, he supposed it must have been removed by some Members of the Lower 
House ; a Regard for our own Characters, as well as the Security of the Public 
Papers, laid us under a Necessity of calling upon Mr. Ridout to know how he came 
to the Possession of that Account. Mr. Ridout came before the House, in Conse- 
quence of a Request made by our Sergeant to that Purpose ; the Letter being 
handed to him, he was asked, if the Name subscribed was his Hand-writing ; he said 



Paragr.\ph 0. (a) Whose arrest was attempted by the Lower House in 1757? (6) What was 
the cause of it? (c) What was tlie result with Mr. Ridout? 



I'Jb A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 

he could not, or did not think proper, to answer that question. He was asked, hoiu the 
Papers, mentioned in that Letter, came into his Possession ; he said, the Governor s 
Name being mentioned in thai Letter, he did not think it proper to give an answer. He 
was desh'ed to witlidraw. Being called iu again, he was desired to give an Answer 
to the Question proposed to him before ; he said, Jie perceived by the Date, the Letter 
had been lurote some Time ago ; said, (/ he might have the Letter awhile, he looidd reflect 
upon the Matter ; he was told, he might have a copy of it, and might consider it 
against the Afternoon. He made no Answer. He was then ordered to attend 
again in the Afternoon. He said, the Governor had Business for him to do, or, 
he had Business of the Governor s that 7mist be done, and he must desire to be excused. 
He was then ordered to withdraw. In a short Time, the House ordered him to be 
called again, but he was not to be found. Upon this Behaviour of Mr. Kidout, so 
unprecedented amongst us, and so dangerous in it's Consequences, a Warrant of 
this House was issued to our Serjeant, to bring Mr. Ridout before the House, to 
answer for a Contempt of the Authority, and a Breach of its inherent Eights and 
Privilegis." 

The address stated that the Serjeant called at the Governor's, where Mr. Ridout 
lived, and asked for him, and that he came, and Mr. Ridout, after several interviews, 
told the Serjeant that he must excuse him, he could not attend. It was then that 
the Governor came, after the Serjeant had sent a message by a servant lad to Mr. 
Ridout, that "he should be glad to see him." 

The House repudiated the suggestion of the Governor that, in apologizing for 
the behaviour of their sergeant, they had apologized for their conduct. 

" We are far from being disjjosed to have it believed, that our Serjeant may not, 
at any Time, except when you are at Dinner, enter your House and take any Person 
from thence that we may ordei him." 

"We do not know of any such Officer as a Governor's Secretary, and when 
there is one it will be time enough," asserted the House, for it to discuss the right 
of their Serjeant to take him into custody. 

While not intending to infringe the Governor's rights, the House assured his 
Excellency "nor will we tamely suffer ours to be violated or infringed." 

" What," continued the Lower House, " your Excellency is pleased to observe 
to us, by Way of Information, as to our Rights and Privileges, as one Branch of the 
Legislature, may be New to You, but we assure you it is not so to us. What are the 
Rights and Privileges of those Gentlemen, that are said to constitute another 
Branch, we know nothing about as it is a Branch undevised in our Charter, and 
unknown in its Original." Acknowledging the rights of the Governor, the House 
denied that he had " any Servant constitutionally attendant upon " him, in his 
legislative capacity in the discharge of his duty. They hoped the Governor would 
not insist upon a private person having such an appointment, " and one that never 
even underwent the Qualification necessary to distinguish him to be a loyal subject," 
but, if the Governor did, they would take no notice of him as such. 

The L(nver House thought it pretty extraordinary that M.r. John Ridout, or 
(your Secretary) if agreeable to have him so called, should have known so little of 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 127 

his duty as to have come before the House without the Governor's consent ; but when 
lie did appear, the House certainly had a right to interrogate him. The Lower 
House gave it as its opinion that it had as much right to call Mr. Ridout before 
them, "as any other Gentleman that may reside in your Excellency's House, and 
as much Right to call one of your Family before us, as one of any Gentleman's 
Family in the Province." 

"And we must here take the Freedom to tell your Excellency, that, if calling 
a Gentleman in your Family, your Secretary, and, endeavoring thereby to protect 
him against the Authority of this House, be one of those Rights and Privileges, 
which you intend, whenever you shall leave this Government, to deliver up to your 
Successor; we hope it will be rejected as unknown and unconstitutional in 'this 
Government." 

The House declared, that, in the affair which Mr. Ridout, the Governor's con- 
duct gave them some reason to believe to the contrary to what the Governor had 
stated, and that it was to conceal something from the House that it was proper they 
should know. 

The House concluded that the suggestion of the Governor that thev attend 
more strictly t(j their business, excited no wonder in them, as it was calculated to 
call their attention away from the vindication of their rights ; but " tho' the Time 
spent in public Enquiries, in Endeavors for Redress of the Grievances the people 
labour under and in the Support of the Rights and Privileges of this House, must 
necessarily lay upon them an heavy burtheu ; yet, we are well assured, by the 
People themselves, that, as they plainly see it unavoidable, as we have, they shall 
ihearfully submit to it, ;is a lesser Evil." 

The Governor alleged that he engaged in the Controversy " much aj^ainst my 
Inclination." He iirgued that there was a Governor's Secretary, and showed there 
was a Secretary of the Province as early as 1637-8, who was confirmed in the title 
by an Act of Assembly of 1649. " Whether it is necessary that I should have a 
Secretary or not," declared the Governor, "I may, I think, be supposed the best 
judge, and the impartial World will, perhaps, be surprised at your making that a 
Question, since I did not ask any Thing of you for his Support." He added that 
Mr. Ridout had qualified himself as a loyal subject befoi-e he came to this Proyince, 
" and, I persuade myself, you will not imagine that his principles have since 
Debauched by living in my Family." 

Mr. Ridout, under the Governor's protection, was relieved from further 
molestation. 

10. One of the most remai-kable incidents in the history of the General 
Assembly of Maryland, and one that could not fail to impress the people with a 
sense of their rights was the rejection by the Lower House, nine times in successive 
sessions, during the French and Indian War, of bills suggested by the Upper 
House to raise supplies for the King. The Lower House had voted that supplies 

Pabagkaph 10. (a) What extiaordinaiy instance of the determination of the Lower Hou.se to 
protect the assessables at large occurred during the French and Indian War? (b) What was the 
difference between the two bills that led to these dissensions between the two Houses? 



128 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

should be given the King ; but provided that the office-holders, the affluent and the 
Lord Proprietary himself should pay part out of their income and revenues, the new 
and burdensome war taxation, aud that all of it should not fall upon the body of the 
assessables at large, already heavily taxed to support the government. The Upper 
House, the appointees of Lord Baltimore, declined to pass this Act, and proposed 
throwing all of the new rates upon those already taxed. This action led to many 
bitter letters of official correspondence between the two Houses and the Governor, 
and, became one of the primary causes for the British Stamp Act, and the subse- 
quent taxation that led to the Kevolutionary War. So Maryland was the pioneer 
that opened the path to American liberty. 

11. At the canvass preceding the elections in May, 1773, political parties in 
Maryland had formed along the lines of approval or disapproval of Gov. Eden's 
proclamation fixing the fees of public officers and the rates of the clergy. On the 
one side was the Governor, the office-holders, the Council and the clei-gy. On the 
other, the people. For three years this contest raged with the virulence of an ever- 
increasing tempest. The Governor, after two years of proroguations of the Assembly, 
had to abaud(m these makeshifts and to appeal to the people in a new election. The 
press, the hustings and the polls took up the insistent question in their turn — 
the public corresjjondence in that day in the Maryland Gazette, from January, 1773, ' 
to May following, being a most valuable contribution of fiery and instructive con- 
tributions to Maryland history. Whilst this was in progress, amongst the lesser 
lights, the remarkable, and historic correspondence, masterful in argument, pro- 
found in research, terrific in invective, between Antilon, Daniel Dulany, on the side 
of the Governor, and First Citizen, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, for the people, 
took place. At the election not a single member of the Assembly, favorable to the 
Governor, was elected. Even in Annapolis, the stronghold of the administration, 
its champion, Anthony Steuart, withdrew from the contest on the morning of 
election. 

At the assembling of the Legislature the subject of the fees of public officers 
was ignored. 

Gov. Eden made formal announcement of the death of the Lord Proprietary, 
Frederick Lord Baltimore, and the succession to this position of the Rigiit Hon. 
Henry Harford, Esq., who, with his guardians, gave promise of assisting the Prov- 
ince in matters conducive to its welfare. Sir Henry Harford was the natural sou of 
the late Proprietary. 

A bill was brought in by the Lower House "for the Establishment of Religious 
Worship in this Province, for the Maintenance of the Clergy, and for other Pur- 
poses therein mentioned." The Upper House objected to this on the ground that 
a similar bill, passed in 1702, was still in force. Further, they disapproved of a 
provision aiming to establish an equality in the incomes of ministers, which would 



Paragraph 11. (a) On what questions were political parties divided in 1773 in Maryland? (h) 
What famous correspondence took place during this campaign? (c) What was the result of the 
elections? (d) What had expired before the cause of Amei-ican liberty? 




PEGGY STEWART HOUSE. 
Thfi house, now known as tho Peggy Stowart Hi>iiso. Is ou Hannver Street. It was at one 
Ime the residence of Anthony Stewart, tlio owner oj tlio famous brig Peggy Stewart. It 
Fas t)ulltln n03. On this porch Stowart made his threat to the mob October 19, 1774. 
rhieh had erected a gallows In front of his house because he paid the tax ou ten. 




THE CHASE HOUSE. 

The house, on the north side of Maryland avenue, corner of King George, built in 1770, 

by Judge Samuel Chase, (known In the family as Judge Samuel Chase, the Signer), has 

been described a-s ■• probably the most stately house In .\nnapolls, being the only 

colonial residence which is three stories high." 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ABUNDEL COUNTY. 129 

" impose an unequal tax on the people, as well as damp the emulous Exertions of 
Merit, which the hopes of preferment are wont to animate." 

Honor and fame, arising throughout all Marjiand, now crowned the brow of 
Charles Carroll of Carrollton. Press and people united to do him homage in pub- 
lished eulogies and public meetings, and now, to give a new laurel to that wreath 
of immortelles, tradition informs us that the Lower House conferred upon the 
illustrious writer a dignit}' unique in the annals of a legislative assembly. As one 
b<.dy, the members repaired to the stately mansion on the Spa, and, at his own 
home, in person, they thanked Mr. Carroll for the vjilor and success with which he 
had defended the rights of the people in his controversy with Antilon. 

The rancors of religious diffei-ences were now in their unholy sepulchre. 
Created alone by political jealousies as the Catholics obtained promotion in the 
government, before the one cause of American liberty, State and Colonial, they had 
expired without a parting gasp. At this time, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, the 
illustrious and honored patriot, was a Roman Catholic, deprived under the laws of 
England, in force in the Province of Maryland, of the right of franchise on account 
of his religious convictions. 

12. Legislative action, as now, was not without its undercurrent of events, in 
the past. This was visible in a noticeable incident in the Session of December,- 
1826. It was through John V. L. McMahon's indefatigable efforts that the 
measures necessary- to inaugurate the Baltimore and Ohio llaih-oad were passed. 
On one occasion the fates seemed against him. He had counted his supporters, and 
had found tli.it he had just the number of votes required to pass the bill if he could 
liold his f.ini's together. In the number of his adherents were several Eastern 
Shore inenilicis. If the steamer Maryland came on time, they would go home and 
the bill would l)e lost ; if she did not, the members would remain and the bill would 
pass. The steamer, thei'efore, must not come on her scheduled time. Caj^tain 
William Taylor, a warm friend of McMahon's, was the master of the good steamer 
Marjdand. To him McMahon stated the situation, and said to him, "the Maryland 
must not make tluit trip ! " " Wh}-," exclaimed the excited captain, " the boat's 
advertised to come at that time." " Well," said McMahon, " I am a good friend of 
youi'S." "The boat," concluded Captain Taylor, "caw get her engines out of order, 
or something like that," and this she conveniently did, for the Maryland never 
made that trip, the Eastern Shore members remained in Annapolis, and McMahon's 
bill passed ! 

13. The Constitution of Maryland became an attenuated relic of colonial times 
with a dash of republican spirit permeating it. By it an extraordinary mode of elect- 
ing one branch of the legislative body was preserved. An Electoral College, composed 
of forty electors, was elected by the people according to certain defined electoral 
districts. Of these it required twenty-four to make a quorum. The State, since 
the adoption of the State Constitution in 1776, had gained so in population that 



Pakagraph 12. (a) What remarkable incident occurred at the December Session, 1826? 
Paragraph 13. (a) What was ah attenuated relic of colonial times in the session ol: 1836? (b) 



130 A HI8T0EY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

these districts, which, ;it first, fairly represented the population of the State and 
the will of tiie people, had become a huge, political monstrosity, by wliich less than 
one-fourth of the people of the State elected one entire co-ordinate branch of the 
legislative department, and had a large influence in choosing the Governor of the 
State. As it happened, the Whigs were strongest in these numerically smaller 
districts, and, while not representing the fourth of the State, were enabled to dictate 
to the other three-fourths in two important branches of the Government. Against 
this the Democracy of Maryland revolted, and, assisted by many Whigs who were 
opposed to the unequal system, had called loudly for reform. 

The Whigs, loth to give up power, resisted the appeals of party and people for 
redress. In the election of 1836, the Whigs elected 21 members of the Senatorial 
College, and the Democrats 19. On this the Democrats resolved to stop the wheels 
of government itself or obtain the redress they asked. 

From Major Sprigg Harwood, who represented Annapolis in the College, on 
August 18th, 1886, when the Major was in his 78th year, and the sole survivor of 
"the glorious nineteen," as the democrats were wont to call them, the author of this 
history obtained the following : 

"We had a little caucus at the Baltimore House, corner of Baltimore and 
•Hanover streets, Baltimore, and then agreed that we would assemble at Annapolis 
and send a communication, as we did, on the 19th of September, to the twenty-one 
Whig electors, who were in the Senate Chamber, and who had qualified, and were 
waiting for all of us, requiring at least three before a quorum could be formed to 
ti'ansact business. When we sent our communication to them, they would hold no 
communication with us until we qualified. If we had qualified, they could have 
then proceeded to business with their majority of twenty-one. 

"I first heard of the intended proceedings some days before the Baltimore 
meeting, by Mr. Dick Higgins coming out to the country at Mr. Evans's, and telling 
me of the letters written to the Democratic and Reform electors to meet in Baltimore. 
Before going, I consulted with my people here to learn their views. I said they 
could instruct me now, but, if I went to Baltimore, and committed mj'self, it was 
then too late, I would have to stand by it. They said ' Go, the principle is right, 
and we will stand by you.' This they did, although they had a representation 
equal to Baltimore's two delegates in the Legislature. 

"We met in Baltimore about a week pi-evious to the meeting of the college here 
on the 19th of September, and agreed on the outlines of the proposition as indicated 
by the letter dated on the 19th. 

"There was no personal animosity among the participants. I used to associate 
with the Whig electors outside, and they would ask me to go up to the Senate, but 
I would say — 'No, you will lock me in.' The outsiders were very much alarmed. 



What dramatic event resulted? (c) What were the democratic electors called by their friends? 
(d) Wliat penalty did a Whig Senate inflict upon one of "the Glorious Nineteen." 



A HISTORY OF AXNE AEUNDEL COUNTY. 131 

They thought no rights were left in property as there was no Legislature, the Wlii^ 
judges actually taking this view, and the people generally thought the country was 
gone. 

"Afterward, when three of the nineteen concluded to participate in the organi- 
zation of the College, John S. Sellman wrote to. us to meet at Annapolis, but all 
declined save Marcy Fountain, Enoch George, George A. Thomas, and Wesley 
Linthicum. Messrs. Thomas and George regretted coming, but finding three were 
going in, (enough to make a quorum,) they also consented to go, but not tlien until 
the basis of electing a Senate and the reforms to be given had been agreed upon. 

"The AVhigs gave the election of Governor to the people and altered the repre- 
sentation iu the Legislature so as to equalize it somewhat in the State." 

The Democrats thereupon elected the Governor — the Whigs only succeeded 
getting in Gov. Pratt in 1843, and the Know Nothings, Thomas Holliday Hicks, in 
1857. The Whigs often, however, had the Legislature. Major Harwood said : 
"Our people were satisfied, but the Whigs were excited here. They did not like 
giving up the State. Several steamers came here daily from Baltimore and the 
counties, tilled with Whigs, who hoped to make an irnpression on the nineteen. 
Everybody had gone away then except myself." 

The calm of Annapolis, whilst this peaceful revolution was in progress, was in 
strong contrast with the excitement prevailing in other parts of the State. People 
generally felt a political catastrophe was at hand which threatened the destruction 
of property and gcn-ernment, and, with these dire forebodings, the timid saw impend- 
ing and overwhelming evils, whilst the courageous prepared to meet the coming 
danger with heroic effort. 

In many places in the State public meetings were held. At Baltimore an 
immense gathering of citizens denounced the nineteen in forcible terms, and similar 
meetings followed in Washington, Frederick and Allegany counties, at which all 
pledged themselves to sustain the supi-emacy of the law. On the 18th of October, 
the grand jury of Allegany county presented the nineteen electors " as unfaithful 
public agents and disturbers of the public peace." In the interim, whilst the Whig 
electors remained out of the College, and awaited events, the presidential election 
was held. On tlie day following, November 8th, Governor Thomas W. Veazey issued 
a proclamation denouncing in severe terms the conduct of the " recusant electors and 
their abettors," calling on the civil and military authorities to be in readiness to 
maintain the law, and convening the old Senate and House of Delegates to assemble 
on the 21st of November. The proclamation added greatly to the excitement in 
the State, and was responded to cordially. One military company, the Planters 
Guards, tendered their services to the executive to supjjort the authority of the law. 
Happily, their aid was never required. 

Although the nineteen. Major Sprigg Harwood, who lived at Annapolis, alone 
accepted, had left the capital, steamboat load after steamboat load of people came 
to the city, in the spirit of some vague knight errantry, hopeful that they might, by 
some means, influence the nineteen to absolve their resolve. 



132 A HISTOEY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

Jehu S. Sellmau, of Anne Arundel, early in October, announced his determi- 
nation to take part in the election of a Senate. He was followed by Wesley 
Linthicum, of the same county, on November 12th. Sellmau signified this inten- 
tion by letter to his associates in the communication of the 19th of September to 
the twenty-one Whig electors. 

The election of Delegates to the House hastened the dissolution of the combi- 
nation. Sixty Whigs and but nineteen Van Buren, or Democratic delegates, were 
returned. The Anne Arundel, Queen Anne's, and Caroline county electors regarded 
the elections in their counties, as instructions from their constituents, and November 
19th, Mr. Wesley Linthicum, of Anne Arundel County, Dr. Enoch George and John 
B. Thomas, of Queen Anne's County, and Marcy Fountain, of Caroline County, all 
of "the glorious nineteen," appeared, and, also qualified as Senatorial electors. 
The College, then composed of twenty-six members, proceeded to elect a Senate. 

On the 25th of November, Governor Veazey sent a special message to the 
General Assembly on this subject in which he declared, " the annals of party con- 
tention and political errors and aberations from duty " * * * " would be 
searched in vain for a case of such plain and palpable violation of constitutional 
duty and moral obligations as the conduct of the recusant electors of the Senate of 
Maryland exhibits." He regretted no statute existed to meet such an emergency 
and suggested the passage of one. 

The revolt had crystalized public opinion on the subject of the needed reforms 
in State .government, and the measures for which the democrats contended were 
generally conceded by the Legislature. There being no statutory punishment for their 
offence, the Whigs, who generally had control of the Senate, visited an unwritten 
penalty on " the glorious nineteen." No matter to what oifice one of them was 
ever appointed by the Governor, a Whig Senate woukl invariably reject the 
appointee. 

14. It was during the administration of Gov. Francis Thomas that a scene 
most remarkable in the annals of the proceedings of the General Assembly of Mary- 
land occurred. Gov. Thomas, who had married the young, beautiful and accom- 
plished daughter of Governor McDowell, of Virginia, had fallen into a tremendous 
quarrel, originating fi'om serious charges afi'ecting the Governor's personal character, 
with several male members of his wife's family — one, the Governor himself and the 
other, the illustrious Thomas H. Benton. In the course of the war of words. Gov- 
ernor Thomas had printed at Annapolis a most violent attack upon his adversaries, 
and had a copy of the pamphlet placed upon the desk of every member of the Con- 
gress of the United States, at Washington. Thereupon, the Governor was sued for 
libel. As the Governor had said some things, very probably, that he could not 
prove, he desired to postpone the trial, and this became a battle of legal giants, for 
there were eminent counsel on either side. The Governor was able to delay the 
trial from time to time, and to prevent himself from appearing in the Court, in 
Washington, to which he had been summoned. 

Paragraph 14. (a) What remarkable scene occurred during the administration of Gov. Francis 
Thomas? 




of Richaitl Cai\ 
Now ow 



•CARVEL HALL." 
iiilt by Dr. Upton Sc-ott iil 
the Sisters of Notre Dam 




Built bj- Ediiuin 
Now <u 



THE JENNINGS' HOUSE. 
Joiinings, about 1770, for a son-in-law, one of tin 
■led Ijy tliR family of the late Thomas E. Martin. 



A HISTOKT OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 133 

During the legal warfare, the Governor created a new excitement by charging 
the Chief Justice of the State, Judge LeGrand witli having abstracted an article of 
value (the very nature of which seems not to have been handed down) from the 
Governor's home in Frederick. These two had been fast friends and Judge 
LeGrand owed his appointment to the bench to the Governor who had also honored 
him by having chosen him, before this new dignity, as his Secretary of State. It 
was suggested that the Governor had gotton up this charge, with the effort to have 
the Chief Justice impeached, because he desired his necessary presence at Annap- 
olis, to press the impeaciiment, to serve him as a sufficient legal reason not to 
appear in the Washington Court in obedience to its summons, as his counsel stated 
it : — " His State having the first claim." 

Gov. Thomas made his impeachment address against the Chief Judge before 
the Legislature. He was armed with a long array of legal papers, and, taking them 
up, one by one, he exhausted each point at such length that a week passed, and the 
Ijpgislature adjourned before action was taken. Gov. McDowell was present, together 
with Thomas H. Benton, at the Governor's masterful presentation of the case, 
during which Maryland's Governor introduced his own domestic troubles. He, in 
one of his extraordinary sentences, stated that ''from investigation, I can say that 
the McDowell women were of the best type of American motherhood. He wished 
he could say as much for the men. His own wife," the Governor declared, " was 
as pure as the icicle from the frozen north." Then, changing his attack to the 
McDowell men, he said : " Tliey have followed me through the trackless forest like 
the hell-hounds of perdition," and exclaiming, "Let them come!" he struck his 
chest with his fist, until it rang like the clang of armored metal, and added : "I fear 
them not — from Bully Benton to Blackguard McDowell." Pencils dropped from 
the hands of the note-takers, a half dozen members rose and called for order, and 
Benton stood up and demanded protection from the Hoiise, " or he would protect 
himself." 

Governor Thomas remained silent and motionless until the storm had sub- 
sided, and then calmly said : 

"Mr. Speaker: I have sat in this House; twice I have occujiied the seat in 
which you sit ; I have served in the Halls of Congress, and never has an honorable 
fjentleman called me to order." 

At the end of the proceedings, with the ease of an evening promenade, Gov. 
Thomas escorted his wife to the train, placed her under the care of Richard Thomas, 
the President of the Senate, and a relative of the Governor, and she went back to 
her father's house. 

With this startling episode faded Maryland's opportunity to have one of her 
citizens in the Presidential chair — for, up to that time, it was conceded that Gov- 
ernor Thomas was to be the coming democratic nominee for President — a choice 
that fell later to James K. Polk, at a time when the country was immovably 
democratic. 

This administration was also stirred by the stabbing of John C. LeGrand, 
Secretary of State, as he was passing through the rotunda of the State House, by 



134 A HISTORY OF ANNE ABUNDEL COUNTY. 

Towiiley Lockerinan, a man not mentally sound. The cause was jealousy on 
account of a lady, with whom the Secretary was not even acquainted. 

15. These dramatic legislative scenes of the past are repeated in the present. 
On the evening of February 6th, after the fire in Baltimore, the 4th and 5th Eegi- 
ments were called out at 7 P. M., by Brig. Gen. Lawrason Eiggs, who could not 
communicate with the Governor then, but who gave the order at the request of 
president of Police Board, under whose orders the law compelled him to act. A 
few hours later the Governor put Gen. Eiggs in charge. All persons, other than 
military, were then excluded from burnt district. A number of the members of the 
Legislature were made indignant that their passes from the Governor were not 
honored and that other men on important business were excluded from the burnt 
district. The House of Delegates, thereupon, passed a resolution that Gen. Eiggs' 
action "be condemned as an unwarrantable discourtesy to the House of Delegates 
and to his Excellency, the Governor of Maryland," and that he be summoned to 
appear before the House of Delegates, February 11th. A sergeaut-at-arms was sent 
to Baltimore to deliver this summons, and, on the appointed day. Brig. Gen. Eiggs 
appeared in the House and explained his actions. His bearing was martial, his 
language courteous, his explanation dignified and soldiery. His conduct appeared 
at once in a most favorable light. It liad been suggested by a member of the 
House that Gen. Eiggs had been guilty of insubordination in not paying attention to 
passes issued by the Governor. It was now shown that the Governor is not at the 
head of military aflairs unless placed there by the House, and such was not the 
case. Therefore, Gen. Eiggs really outranked Governor Warfield as far as the militia 
was concerned — the Police Board being, at such times, alone in sole command of 
the militia, and they had directed Gen. Eiggs to furnish passes to all newspaper 
men desiring them. These instructions Gen. Eiggs promptly obeyed, recognizing 
that they came from the pi'oper authority. 

Gov. Warfield, meanwhile, declared that great injustice had been done Gen. 
Eiggs. Gen. Eiggs told the Legislature of the great necessity for keeping the 
burnt district free from interlopers, and the fact that at first numbers of people 
gained entrance on promiscuous passes. The manner of the General was tactful, 
courteous and military. Arrayed in his elegant State uniform, the General presented 
a splendid figure, bearing himself with the courage of the soldier, the skill of the 
lawyer, the courtesy of a Maryland gentlemen. Delegate Johnson, who liad 
proposed the resolution of condemnation, now said that he had acted under a mis- 
apprehension, and wished to withdraw it, and have it expunged from the proceed- 
ings. This was done by a decisive vote, the motion encountering but a few dissent- 
ing voices. 



Paragraph 15. (a) What dramatic legislative scene grew out of the Baltimore fire of Feb- 
ruary 6th, 1904? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 135 



CHAPTER FORTY-THIRD. 

THE POLITICAL, EDUCATIONAL AND HISTORIC STATUS OF ANNE 
ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



land 
Count 



1. Anne Arundel Comity is a part of the Fifth Congressional District of Mary- 
The other portion of the District consists of St. Mary's County, Charles 

y, Calvert County, Prince George's County and Howard County. The District 
is now represented in Congress by Hon. Sydney E. Mudd, of Charles County. 

2. Anne Arundel County is an integral portion of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of 
Maryland, composed of the counties of Anne Arundel, Howard and Carroll. The 
Judges of the Circuit are : I. Thomas Jones, of Howard, Chief Judge ; James Kevell, 
of Anne Arundel, and William H. Thomas, of Howard, Associate Judges. 

3. The county of Anne Arundel is divided into seven election districts, named 
in numerical order, save that there is the omission of the seventh, that district 
liaving been Howard District, out of which Howard County was formed. 

The First District is bounded on tlie north by Soutli River, and on tiie south- 
west by West Kiver and the Eighth District ; and on the northwest by tlie Second 
District. 

The Second District is bounded on the northeast by the Severn River, and on 
tlie southwest by South River and the Fourth District, on the west by the Patuxent 
River, and on the north by the Fourth District. 

The Third District lies between the Patapsco and Severn Rivers, and is bounded 
on the east by the Chesapeake Bay, and on the west by Marley Creek and the 
Fifth District. 

Tlie Fourth District is bounded on the south by the Second and Tiiird Districts, 
on the north by Howard Count}-, and on the east by the Fifth District, and on the 
west by the Patuxent River. 

The Fifth District is bounded on the south by Marley Creek and the Third 
District, on the northeast by the Patapsco River ; by Howard County on the north, 
and on the west by the Fourth District. 

The Sixth District is Annapolis city, which lies on the south bank of the Severn 
River, two miles from its entrance into the Chesapeake Bay. 



Pabagraph 1. (o) Of what Congressional District is Anne Arundel a part? (6) What other 
counties are in the District? (c) Who represents the District in Congress? 

Paragraph 2. (a) In what Judicial Circuit is Anne Arundel? (6) What counties compose the 
district? {n AVho are the judges? 

Paragraph 3. (a) How many election districts are there in Anne Arundel? (6) Can you name 
them and bound them? (c) Can you name the polling precincts? 



136 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

The Eighth District is bounded on the east by the Chesapeake Bay, on the 
north by West Eiver and the First District, and on the west by the Patuxent Eiver, 
and southwest by Calvert County. 

There are sixteen voting precincts in Anne Arundel County. They are : In 
the First District — First precinct. Galloways ; second. Mayo. Second District — 
First precinct, Chesterfield ; second, Eastport. Third District — First precinct, 
Armiger's ; second, Asbury. Fourth District — First precinct, Gambrill's ; second, 
Odenton. Fifth District — First precinct, Brooklyn ; second, Harman's ; third, 
South Baltimore. Sixth District — (Annapolis) — First Ward, eastern section of the 
city ; second, central ; third, western. Eighth District — First precinct, Nutwell's ; 
second, Churchton. 

4. The local government of Anne Arundel County is placed largely iu the 
hands of the Board of County Commissioners, composed of seven members, one 
from each election district. This Board lays the taxes of the county, and provides 
for the payment of all accounts against it. It assesses property, takes care of the 
public roads, builds the county bridges, provides for the expenses of Courts and 
jails, and for the support of the county pensioners and of the Alms House of the 
county. The commissioners have general executive control of the afl'airs of the 
county. 

5. In addition to the judicial processes of the Circuit Court in the county, the 
administration of law is furthered by the offices of justices of the peace who 
adjudicate minor cases ; by the sheriff and his deputies, who arrest and apprehend 
criminals ; by constables, who have powers of arrest ; by the Orphans' Court, that 
settles the administration of estates and which probates wills ; by the register of 
wills, who is the recorder of the Orphans' Court ; by the clerk of the Circuit Court, 
who records the legal papers and process of the Court, and provides for the record- 
ing of deeds and the muniments of titles. The details of the duties of these several 
officers would require an inquiry into the elements of civil government which is not 
within the province of this history. 

6. Anne Arundel is essentially an educational centre as well as a repository of 
historic events. Amongst the educational institutions of the county, l)esides its 
public schools, St. John's, the School of Application and the Naval Academy, is the 
College of Bedemptorists, located at Annapolis. This school is part of a system 
of three colleges for the education of young men for the Catholic ministry. The 
order of Bedemptorists, under which the college is governed, was established at 
Annapolis in 1853. Bev. Gabriel Bumpier and Brothers Paul and John, together 
with Mr. John Himmelheber, arrived at Annapolis on the 16th of March, and were 
the forerunners of this order that has educated many for the priesthood and built 



Paeagbaph 4. (a) In what Board is the local government of Anne Arundel placed? (h) Can 
you give some of the powers of this Board ? 

Pabagbaph 5. (a) Where else beside the Circuit Court are the judicial processes in the county 
placed? 

Paeagbaph 6. (o) Of what is Anne Arundel essentially a centre? (6) What four educational 
institutions are located in Annapolis? 



'■^iilff^jlllB 



The Residence of Judge Nicholas Brewer, who endangered his lite in tlie 
mob of 1847, to save the passengers of the Steamer Jewess. 




A Room in the Marchand Mansion, the colonial home cf Major Edward Dorsey, and 
supposed to be the place where the Legislature met in February, 1694. 



A HISTORY OF AXNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 137 

up a large and devoted congregation. The College is located upon the colonial 
home of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. This handsome property was the gift to 
tlie order of Kedemptiorists by Mrs. Emily McTavish, a descendent of the illus- 
trious patriot. 

7. The materials and resources of Anne Arundel for fiction and history have 
mit been neglected. The first volume, relating to Annapolis, was published by 
William Eddis, in Lond(jn, in 1792. Eddis was the English Collector of the Port 
of Annapolis immediately preceding the Eevolutiouary War, and his letters, cover- 
ing a period of several years at this interesting epoch give delightful pictures of 
Annapolitan life under the colonial government. The nest work of history was the 

"Annals of Annapolis," by David Eidgely, published in 1840. This book was a 
tine addition to the historic capital of Maryland. In 1886, Elihu S. Eiley, pub- 
lislied the "Ancient City," a history of Annapolis. Two novels have many of their 
scenes laid in Anne Arundel— Lucy Arnold and Richard Carvel. The city of Annap- 
olis and the Xaval Academy have and still form the basis of many articles in the 
press, peiiodicals and magazines of the times. 

8. Anne Arundel, from its settlement, has been a focal point of historic and 
political interest. The smoke of every hamlet of the colony rose from altars where 
the fires of freedom burned with a pure and unadulterated ray. Their beams pro- 
claimed the dawn of the day of civil and religious liberty. Throughout the colonial 
])eriod, Annajiolis, tlie centre of this interest, increased in its commercial and 
])olitical importance, and the culture, ability and patrotism of its people made it 
famous throughout the colonies, and not unknown in Europe. The elegance of 
the life, the ojndence of the people, and the wisdom of the leaders of public 
tliought and action are seen in tiie statutes and laws of the State, in their deeds in 
the field and on the forum, and stand attested by the monuments of their architect- 
ural ability, their opulence and their precision for the artistic in the elegant homes 
and stately structures that still mutely proclaim the glory of the golden age of 
Aunapolitan history. Of this magnificent and patriotic ante-Kevolutionary period 
tiiere yet remain our grand old State House, with its peerless history ; the resi- 
dences of Paca, Carroll and Chase, triple signers of the Declaration of Indepen- 
dence ; the capacious old Bail-Room where Washington often danced, and the 
barber shop where "old Caton," shaved the sage of Mount Vernon the day he was 
here to resign his military commission ; the studio of Charles Wilson Peale, the 
artist to whom Washington gave sittings for fourteen portraits; the Peggy Steuart 
House; the ancient E])iscopal rectory; the Harwooil Ibnisc ; the home and printing 
oflice of Jonas Green, the colonial proprietor of the Munjlinul Gazette; the Ridout 
residence ; Reverdy Johnson's birthplace ; William Pinkney's home ; St. John's 



Paragraph 7. fa) What materials and resources in Anne Arundel have not been neglected? 
(b) What books have been written about or their scenes laid partly in Anne Arundel? 

Paragraph 8. (a) Of what has .\nne Arundel been since its settlement? (6) Can you name 
some of the reasons that caused this political and historic importance? 

10 



138 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

College, tlie Ahn;i M;iter of Francis Scott Ke}' ; Mann's Hotel, where Washington 
was entertained when at Annapolis ; and Acton, the sole representative, in its capa- 
cious environments, of the ancient regime. 

9. The illustrious past of the county, the e.xamples of virtue, integrity and 
]i:itri(itisni, the supei'ior character of its leading people who have colored the page 
of lii>t(uy, is a legacy that the fathers have left their children, that should inspire the 
doscciiilaiits of the patriots and noble men who have written the annals of Anne 
Arundel in the past, to emulate the distinguished acts of their sires as occasion 
affords them opportunity, ever remembering that the virtuous performance of civic 
duties ; the individual honesty of the private citizen ; the industrious acquisition of. 
knowledge ; the conscientious use of talents, and a high sense of personal responsi- 
bility to the Creator of the universe are the only sources of real private g(jod and 
substantial public exaltation. 



CHAPTER FORTY-FOURTH. 



A GALAXY OF ILLUSTRIOUS CITIZENS OF AKNE ARUNDEL. 



CHARLES CAEEOLL, OF CAEEOLLTON, 
1. Was born at Annapolis, Maryland, September 20, 1737. In 1745, he was 
taken to the College of English Jesuits at St. Omer, France, where he remained six 
years, and then was sent to the Jesuit College at Rheims. After one year's study 
of civil law at Bourges, he went to Paris, studied two more years, and began the law 
in the Temple. At 27 years of age, he returned to America, and, at the breaking out 
of the Revolutionary War, was considered the richest man in America, being worth 
$2,000,000. Althoiigh, by the illiberal laws of that period, he was robbed of the priv- 
ilege of the elective franchise, because he was a Catholic, he ardently espoused the 
American cause, and began his opposition to the arbitrary measures of the Pro- 
prietary Government, by publishing in the 3Iaryland Gazette, a series of articles under 
the signature of " Tlie First Citizen," against the right of tlie Governor of Maryland, 
to regulate fees by proclamation. In 1775, he was made a member of the first com- 
mittee of observation established at Annapolis, and during the same year he was 
elected a delegate to the Provincial Convention. In Februarj^ 1776, he was sent to 
Canada, by Congress, to induce the people of that province to unite with the States. 
He returned to Philadelphia, in June, and found the Declaration of Independence 
under discussion. The delegates from Maryland were hampered by instructions "to 



Paragraph 9. (a) Wli.at should the legacy left by the fathers inspire their descendants to do? 
Paragraphs 1 to 10. (a) Can you name a number of distinguished Americans who were born 

ived in Anne Arundel? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 139 

disavow in tiie most solemn manner all design in the colonies of independence." He 
repaired to Annapolis immediately, and, with the assistance of Judge Samuel Chase, 
on the 28th of June, succeeded in having these instructions withdrawn and the 
delegates left free to join in the Declaration of Independence. On August 2d, the 
Declaration was formally signed. As Mr. Carroll wrote his name, a member 
observed, " Here go a few millions," and added, "however, there are several Charles 
Carrolls, the British will not know which one it is." Carroll immediately added, 
"of Carrollton," and was ever afterwards known by that cognomen. He was placed 
by Congress in the Board of War. In 1776, he helped to draft the Constitution for 
Maryland, and was the same year a member of tiie State Senate. In 1777, he was 
again a delegate to Congress. In 1781, and 1786, he was a Senator of Maryland, 
and in 1788, was chosen a United States Senator, to which office he was "again 
elected in 1797. In 1799, he was one of the Commissioners to adjust the bouRdaij 
line between Maryland and Virginia. On July 4, 1828, then, in his 90th year, Mr. 
Carroll, in the presence of an immense concourse of people, and, attended by impos- 
ing civic ceremonies, laid the corner-stone of that important Maryland enterprise — 
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Toward the last of his life, Mr. Carroll removed 
to Baltimore— the author has it by tradition — because the city fathers liere offended 
him by making the taxes too high. November 14, 1832, Mr. Carroll died, the last 
of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. 

WILLIAM PINKNEY 
2. Was born at Annapolis, Md., March 17, 1764. His family was a branch of 
the South Carolina Pinkneys, who early settled at Annapolis. He studied medi- 
cine, but left that for the law, and was admitted to the bar in 1786. In 1788, he 
was a delegate to the Convention which ratified the constitution of the United 
States, and he subsequently held various State offices as member of the House of 
Delegates, Senate and the Council. In 1796, he was sent to London, as Commis- 
sioner, under the Jay treaty, remaining abroad until 1804. In 1805, he became 
Attorney-General of Maryland. In 1806, he was sent as Minister extraordinary to 
England to treat, in conjunction with Monroe, with the British Government, and 
was resident Minister from 1807 to 1811, when he was appointed Attorney-General 
of the United States, which office he held two years. He commanded a volunteer 
corps in the war of 1812, and was severely wounded in the battle of Bladensburg. 
In 1815, he was elected a member of Congress, and in 1816, was appointed Minister 
to Rus.sia, and Special Minister to Naples. In 1818, he returned home, and, in 
1819, was elected a United States Senator. He died February 22, 1822. Tradition 
savs iit thirteen he stood guard as a soldier in the Revolutionary fortifications 
around Annapolis. 



Paragraph 1. (a) Name some of the leading events in the life of Charles Carroll, of Car- 
rollton? 

Paragraph 2. (a) Name some in the life of William Piukney? 



140 A HISTOllY OF .VNNE ARUNDEL COITNTY. 

REVERDY JOHNSON 

3. Was born at Annapolis, Maryland, May 21, 179G. He was educated at St. 
John's College, and, at the age of 17, began the study of law in Prince George's 
county, in the office of his father, who was the Chief Justice of the Judicial District 
of which that county formed a part. In 1815, he was admitted to the bar, and by 
way of encouragement to all who do not achieve success at once, be it written, he 
made a lamentable failure in his first speech in Court. In 1817, he removed to Balti- 
more, and devoted much of his time to arguing cases before the Supreme Court of 
the United States, where he won renown as a profound student of the legal profession, 
not only in America, but, his fame reaching Europe, he was called to argue before 
the French tribunals. In conjunction with Mr. Thomas Harris, he rei3orted the 
decisions of the Maryland Court f)f Appeals, known as "Harris and Johnson's 
Reports," (7 vols. 1820-27). In 1821, he was elected a State Senator, and 
re-elected in 182-5. In 1845, he was chosen United States Senator, which ofiice he 
resigned in 1849, on being appointed by President Taylor, Attorney-General of the 
United States. In 1861, lie was a member of the Peace Convention in Washington, 
which tried to prevent the Civil War. In 1862, he was again elected to the United 
States Senate, and was a member from 1863 to 1868. In June of the latter year, 
he was appointed Minister to England, where he negotiated a treaty for the settle- 
ment of the Alabama claims. This treaty was rejected by the Senate. He was 
recalled in 1869. During the entire Civil War, when many illegal acts were com- 
mitted under the plea of " military necessity," Reverdy Johnson, whilst an ardent 
supporter of the Union, eloquently raised his voice against every usurpation of the 
military power. On the evening of February 10, 1876, when in his 80th year, with 
a mind yet undimmed by mental incapacity, and a body that gave promise of many 
years of usefulness, he met with a fatal accident at Annapolis. He was at a social 
gathering at the Executive Mansion, John Lee Carroll, being then Governor and 
host. Mr. Johnson started to go out the main doorway. He was oflered assistance 
but refused it. Passing down the granite steps of the front porch, he turned to the 
left of the entrance and fell into a paved area, five feet below, where he was found 
shortly afterward in an unconstnous state. He expired soon after being discovered. 
He died almost within a stone's throw of the house in which he was born, and well 
nigh under the shadow of his alma mater. The terms of the Johnson treaty, that 
the Senate rejected, were ultimately agreed upon by England and America. 

.JOHN D. GODMAN 

4. Was born at Annapolis, December 20, 1794. He was apprenticed to a 
printer in Baltimore, but, at the age of twenty, enlisted in the Navy and was present 
at the defence of Fort McHenry. After the war he studied medicine and practiced 
until 1821, when he became professor in the Medical College of Ohio at Cincinnati, 
and commenced there the Western Quarterly Reporter. In 1822, he removed to 



Paragraph 3. (a) Name some in the life of Reverdy Joliiisou? 
Paragraph 4. {a) Wlio was Julm D. Godiiian? 




'ACTOX.' 
1702 with brick brouglit from England. It is on one of the first tract of land 
granted at .Annapolis, being surveyed in 1651. It is now the home 
of Pay Director .Tames D. Murray, U. S. Navy. 




"MIDDLETON HOTEL." 
Tradition makes General Washington one of its guests 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 141 

Philadelphia, and devoted himself to the science of Anatomy, of which he became 
in 1826, a professor in Eutger's Medical School, New York. He prepared the 
Zoological articles for the " Encyclopedia Americana " up to the end of the letter C. 
His principal work was "American Natural History." He died at Germautown, 
Pa.. April 17, 1830. 

STEWART HOLLAND. 

■'). By one act this man made his name immortal. He was born at Annapolis. 
September 24, 1854, found him a member of the engineering department of the 
Steamer Arctic, that, with hundreds of passengers, was sinking in mid-ocean, from 
the efl'ects of a collision. " About two hours after the Arctic was struck, the firing 
of the gun," said the third mate of the Arctic, "attracted my attention, and I 
recollect when I saw Stewart, it struck me as remarkably strange that he alone of 
all belonging to the engineering body should be here. He must have had a good 
chance to go in tlie chief engineer's boat and be saved ; but he did not, it seems, 
make the slightest exertion to save himself whilst there was duty to be done on 
shipboard. I recollect that, about an hour before the ship sunk, I was hurriedly 
searching for spikes to make a raft with. I had just passed through the saloon. 
On the sofa were men who had fainted, and there were many of them too ; the ladies 
were in little groups, clasped together, strangely quiet, and resigned. As I came 
out again, the scene that presented itself was one that I hope never to see again. 
Here and there were strong, stout men on their knees in the attitude of prayer, and 
others, who, when spoken to, were immovable and stupefied. In the midst of this 
scene, Stewart came running up to me, crying : 'Donan, my powder is out ; I want 
more. Give me tl^^ key.' 'Never mind the key,' I i-eplied, 'take an axe and break 
open the door ?' He snatched (me close beside me, and down into the ship's hold 
he dived, and I went over the ship's side to my raft. I recollect distinctly his 
appearance as once more he hailed me from the deck, the right side of his face was 
black with powder, and when he spoke, his face seemed to me to be lighted up with 
a quaint smile." So the gallant youth continued to fire " the minute gun" that 
booming over the sea might catch the ear of some passing vessel and bring relief to 
the perishing. As the ship, which carried three hundred people with it to watery 
graves, went down, Stewart Holland was seen "in the very act of firing as the vessel 
disappeared below the waters." A lot was donated in Washington, where he lived 
at the time of the disaster, and money subscribed to build him a monument, but the 
funds were embezzled by the trustee. 

CHARLES WILSON PEALE, 

6. The eminent American painter, spent much of his life in Annapolis. He 

was born April 16, 1741. Peale had a checkered career. He was first a saddler 

and harness-maker, then watch and clock tinker, and in their order, silver-smith, 

painter, modeller, taxidermist, dentist and lecturer. In 1770, he visited England, 



Paraqkaph 5. (a) What heroic act did Stewart Holland perform? 
Pabagbaph 6. (a) Who was Charles Wilson Peale? 



142 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

and for several years, was a pupil of West. Returning home he settled first in 
Annapolis and then in Philadelphia, and acquired celebrity as a portrait painter. 
Among his works were several portraits of Washington, and a series forming the 
nucleus of a national portrait gallery. He commanded a company of volunteers in 
tlie battles of Trenton and Germantowu, and also served in the Pennsylvania Legis- 
lature. About 1785, he commenced a collection of natural curiosities in Philadel- 
phia, founding "Peale's Museum," in which he lectured on natural history. He 
aided in founding the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. 

LIEUTENANT JAMES BOOTH LOCKWOOD, U. S. A., 

7. Was born at Annapolis, Maryland, October 9, 1852, and died at Cape 
Sabine, Smith's Sound, April 9, 1884. To Lieutenant Lockwood belongs the dis- 
tinction of having attained, during the Greely Expedition, the point nearest to 
either pole, than ever reached by any human being. It was on Lockwood's Island 
in north latitude, 80 24 ; longitude 44 5. 

DANIEL DULANY. 

8. A history of Annapolis would be incomplete without a biographical sketch 
of Daniel Dulauy who, umler the non de plume of Antilon, carried ou the memora- 
ble newspaper controversy in 1773, with Carroll, of CarroUton, the "First Citizen" 
of that literary prologue of the American Revolution. Daniel Dulany, son of 
Daniel Dulany, was born at Annapolis, July, 1721, and was educated at Eton and 
at Clara Hall, Cambridge, England. He entered the Temple, and, returning to the 
colonies, was admitted to the bar in 1747. Mr. McMahou, of* this brilliant man, 
says: "For many years befoi-e the downfall, of the Proprietary Government, he 
confessedly was without a rival in this colony, as a lawyer, a scholar, and an orator, 
and, we may safely regard the assertion that, in the higli and varied accomplishments 
which constitute these, he has had amongst the sons of Maryland but one equal 
and no superior. We admit that tradition is a magnifier, and that men even through 
its medium and the obscurity of half a century, like objects in a misty morning, 
loom largely in the distance, yet with regard to Mr. Dulany, there is no room for 
illusion. 'You may tell Hercules by foot,' says tlie proverb; and this truth is as 
just when applied to the proportions of the mind, as to those of the body. The 
legal arguments and opinions of Mr. Dulany that yet remain to us, bear the impress 
of abilities too commanding, and of learning too profound, to admit of question. 
Had we but these fragments, like the remains of splendor which linger around 
some of the ruins of antiquity, they would be enough for admiration. Yet they fall 
very short of furnishing just conceptions of the character and accomplish- 
ments of his mind. We have higher attestations of these in the testimony of 
contemporaries. For many years before the Revolution, he was regarded as 



Paeagbaph 7. (a) What did Lieut. James Bootli Lockwood accomplish? 

Parageaph 8. (a) Who was Daniel Dulany? (6) Can you name some of the leading events in 
his history? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTY. . 143 

an oracle of the law. It was the constant practice of the courts of the Province 
to submit to his opinion every question of difficulty which came before them, 
and so infallible were his opinions considered, that he who hoped to reverse 
them, was regarded as 'hoping against hope.' Nor was his professional reputa- 
tion limited to the colony. I have been credibly informed that he was occa- 
sionally consulted from England upon questions of magnitude, and that, in the 
southern counties of Virginia, adjacent to Maryland, it was not unfrequent to 
withdraw questions from their courts and even from the Chancellor of England, to 
submit tiiem to his award. Tbus unrivalled in professional learning, according to 
the representations of his cotemporaries, he added to it all the power of the orator, 
tlie accomplisiimeiits of the scholar, to tbe graces of the person the suavity of the 
gentleman. Mr. Pinkney himself, the wonder of the age, who saw but the setting 
splendor of Mr. Dulany's talent, is reported to have said of him, that even amongst 
such men as Fox, Pitt, and Sheridan, he had not found his superior. Whatever 
were the errors of his course during the Revolution, I have never heard them 
ascribed, either to opposition to rights of America, or to a servile submission to 
the views of the ministry ; and I have been credibly informed, that he adhered 
throughout life, to the principles advanced by him in opposition to the Stamp Act. 
The conjecture may be hazarded that had he not been thrown into collision with 
the leaders of the Revolution in this State, by the proclamation controversy, and 
thus involved in discussion with them, which excited high resentment on both sides 
and kept him at a distance from them until the Revolution began, he would, most 
])rol)ably, have been found by their side, in support of the measures that led it." 
Mr. Dulany was Secretary of the Province when he conducted the famous contro- 
versy with Charles Carroll, of CaiTollton. He was also a member of the Upper 
House under the proprietai-y government. The political differences of the Revolu- 
tion survived its conclusion. Mr. Dulany held no public office after it, and the 
brilliancy of his talents displayed alone in the forum of provincial courts, did not 
shed its effulgence in national councils, and his fame, reflected from the humble 
pedestal of State history, has not depicted to the nation the phenominal propor- 
tions of his intellect. Such was the iron heel of public opinion upon the political 
fortunes of a man, "whose opinions were thought to have moulded those of William 
Pitt, by whom they were publicly noticed with great honor." These opinions, 
(which were published October 14, 1765, and which looked to " a legal, orderly, 
and prudent resentment " to be expressed against the Stamp Act " in a zealous and 
vigorous industry,") widely prevailed in America. This course was urged until 
that time might come, "when redress may be obtained." Mr. Dulany died in 
Baltimore, March 19, 1797, aged 75 years and 8 months, and was buried in St. 
Paul Cemeteiy, corner Lombard and Fremont streets, Baltimore. From Dulany's 
pamphlet " Considerations," Pitt took his arguments to defend America in his great 
speech in Parliament in 1766 for the repeal of the Stamp Act. 



A HISTOBY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



THOMAS JOHNSON. 



9. Thomas Jobusou, born iu Calvert Couuty, made bis fame aud spent most of 
bis public life in Auuapolis. He was a member of tbe Maryland Legislature ; tben 
of the First Continental Congress, and it was upon bis suggestion made June 9th, 
1775, and, on his nomination, proposed, June 15tb, 1775, that General Washington 
was selected as tbe Commander-in-Chief of tbe Continental army. Johnson was 
upcm most of the important Committees of Congress, aud bis voice was oftener 
beard in debate than that of any other member of Congress. He remained in 
Congress until November 9th, 1776, when Congress appointed him a Brigadier 
General of tbe Frederick militia, and he marched with them to the aid of Wash- 
ington in the Jerseys. While in the field he was elected tbe first Governor of 
Maryland chosen by the people. He was inaugurated March 27, 1777. He was 
twice elected Governor, and during bis administration many martial measures 
were passed. When tjie Union had been established. President Washington offered 
Mr. Johnson the office of Chief Justice of the United States. This honor Johnson 
declined. Tbe last public act of Gov. Johnson was to deliver in 1800 a eulogy upon 
Washington. Gov. Johnson died in Frederick County, October 26, 1819, being 
nearly 87 years of age. 

WINFIELD SCOTT SCHLEY. 

10. Admiral Winfield Scott Schley, U. S. N., who commanded the American 
fleet at tbe naval battle ofl' Santiago, is a citizen of Anne x4.rundel couuty. He holds 
bis citizenship in the city of Annapolis, and, when he exercises tbe right of the 
elective franchise. Admiral Schley casts bis ballot iu Annapolis. 

SAMUEL CHASE, 

11. Signer of the Declaration of Independence, became a resident of Annapolis 
when he was in bis eighteenth year. He often represented the city of Annapolis in 
tbe Legislature, and was sent to Congress in 1774. He anticipated the Declaration 
of Independence, by declaring before its adoption, that " by the God of Heaven, he 
owed no allegiance to the King of Great IBritain." He was the most ardent of 
patriots, and was called tbe "torch of the Revolution." His national fame was 
begun at Annapolis, while he was a citizen of that place. 

THOMAS BLADEN, 

12. Proprietary' Governor of Maryland, 1742-7, was the only colf)nial Governor 
of Maryland born in America. He was born at Annapolis, in 1698, and was the 
son of William Bladen, who came to Maryland in 1690. He concluded a peace 

Pakageaph 9. (a) Give an account of Thomas Johnson? 

Paragraph 10. (a) Where is the legal residence of Admiral Winfleld Scott Schley? (6) At what 
important naval action was he in command? 

Pabagbaph 11. (a) Of What place was Samuel Chase a resident? {b) Of what was he a 
signer? 

Paeagraph 12. (a) Who was Thomas Bladen? (b) Where was he born? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE AEUNDEL COUNTY. 145 

witli Six Nations while he was Governor, and began the building of McDowell 
Hall, St. John's College, in 1744, as a Governor's residence. He left Annapolis 
for England in 1747, and was the executor of Lord Baltimore's will. He repre- 
sented several constitueucieg in the English Parliament, and attained considerable 
reputation for his learning and polished manners. In 1731, he married Barbara, 
daughter of Sir Thomas Januses, Bai'onet of Wimbledon, Surrey, and sister-in-law 
of Charles Calvert, fifth Lord Baltimore. Gov. Bladen died in England in 1780. 

HENRY WINTER DAVIS, 

1!}. One of the most Ijrilliant of the many brilliant and accomplished orators 
of Maryland, was born at Annapolis, on August 16, 1817. His fatlier was the Kev. 
Henry Lyon Davis, an Episcopal Clergyman, then Principal or President, as it is 
now called, of St. John's College, and rector of St. Anne's Parish. On account of 
his Federal politics, the father lost both of his offices, and the family left Annapolis 
to return to Anne Arundel in 1827. It was in this historic county, with his fowling 
piece on his shoulder, tramping through Held and wood, burning much powder and 
securing little game, that Henry Winter Davis learned those lessons that set his 
heart against slavery. Ho declined to let his slaves be sold when they became his 
at his father's death, and pursued, in consequence, a life of labor to support him- 
self. He sold land, studied the law with its proceeds, and was admitted to the bar 
in Alexandria, Va. He removed to Baltimore in 1850, and was elected a member 
of Congress in 1854. He was re-elected to Congress in 1863. He died December 
30, 1864. Although a strong Union man, in Congress lie took the ground that 
there should be no trial of citizens by courts-martial. It was a gi-eat battle, when 
he and the great commoner and advocate of ruthless force, regardless of constitu- 
tional law, Thaddeus Stevens, met in battle array on the floor of Congress on this 
(piestion in an amendment to the military bill that no part of the funds, voted the 
.\rmy, should be used to pay for courts-martial engagecl in trying civilians. Henry 
Winter Davis won by the close vote of 72 to 71. 

He was the author of this splendid sentiment that " he who would compromise 
a moral principle was a scoundrel, but that he who would not compromise a measure 
of policj' was a fool." 

It was said of this splendid orator and accomplished lawyer that " with a 
thorough mastery of the subject under discussion, he always commanded the atten- 
tion of the House, by his strictly logical reasoning, his array of facts, his knowledge 
of constitutional law, the chaste but fervid eloquence of his diction, the strength 
and melody of his voice, and his commanding presence." 

The author saw Henry Winter Davis once. It was when he was making his 
tierce fight for the prevention of the trial of civilians by courts-martial. That one 
opportunity to hear the voice and to see the handsome face and figure of Henry 
Winter Davis is a gratification that will continue as long as memory lasts. 



Paragraph 13. (a) Who was Henry Winter Davis? {b) Where was he born? 
11 



A HISTORY OP ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



CHAPTER FORTY-FIFTH. 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS, CHURCHES, AND ANCIENT LANDMARKS. 



THREE GUBERNATORIAL RESIDENCES. 

1. Annapolis contains three houses that have served, or were intended to serve, 
as the residences of the Governors of Maryland. The earliest built is that now owned 
by Mrs. Francis T. Marchand, formerly the residence of Judge A. B. Hagner, No. 
83 Prince George street. The house is a well preserved evidence of the taste and 
solidity of the architecture of that interesting period. To this house a few years 
since, an addition was made on the right wing. The outlines and proportions of 
the ancient building are easily discerned. This building belonged to Major Edward 
Dorsey, and was occupied by Governor Francis Nicholson, who was the Execu- 
tive of the province from 1694 to 1709. The exact date of the erection of the 
building is not known. This house is most probably the one that was occupied for 
the sitting of the Legislature after the burning of the State House in 1704. 

The next in age is McDowell Hall, St. John's College. In 1744, the College 
Green, containing four acres of land, was conveyed by Stephen Boardley to Thomas 
Bladen, Governor of Maryland, who projected the main and central building, as a 
l^alatial residence for the Governors of Maryland. Its site, the commodious grounds 
and the spacious building coiispinMl tn make the mansion a desirable and a princely 
public residence. Mr. Duff, tlif ait'ljitect, came from Scotland to superintend the 
construction of the building ; materials of every kind were provided in a most 
liberal spirit, and the edifice was nearly finished in a style of magnificence, suitable 
to the jarosperity and enterprise of the province, when a disagreement took place 
between the Governor and the Legislature, that reached such a fervor, that, at a 
period, when a nominal sum would have made it a fitting mansion for the executives 
of Maryland, all work was stopped, and it remained until 1784, "a melancholy and 
mouldering monument " of the result of political dissensions. It appropriately 
received the cognomen of "Bladen's Folly." 

By chapter 37, 1784, this property was voted by the State to St. John's Col- 
lege, provided the College was established at Annapolis. 

The third gubernatorial mansion is the one now occupied by the Governor as 
his residence. 

The Act of 1866, chapter 46, provided for the punihase of a site for, and the 
erection of, a Gubernatorial Mansion. The Governor, Comptroller, and Treasurer, 
Thomas Swann being Governor, were authorized to have this work executed. One 
hundred thousand dollars were appropriated. The site selected was a quintangular 



Paeagkaph 1. (a) Can you name the three houses that still stand that have been used, or 
projected for the residences of the Governors of Maryland? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 147 

lot, fronting on State House Circle, College Avenue, (Tabernacle street), Clnireli 
Circle, Lawyer and North streets. 

To make room for the present Governor's mansion, two fine old colonial resi- 
dences had to be torn down. One was the house of the late George E. Franklin, 
and the other of Mrs. Green. The last house was formerly the residence of Absalom 
Kidgely, and of his son Dr. John Eidgely, who was surgeon on the United States 
Ship PliiJdelphia when it was captured in the harbor of Tripoli in 1804. This 
house was built by Gen. Geo. H. Stewart's grandfather. 

The lot and building of the new executive mansion cost $69,296.28, over the 
appropriation which the Legislature was called upon to meet. The Legislature 
investigated the matter and made a detailed report of the expense, but a wise and 
friendly state printer neglected to bind the report among public documents of the 
session, and this interesting statement is therefore lost to history and posterity. 

FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUKCH. 

2. Tlie first trustees of the Methodist Congregation of Annapolis, of whom 
tliere is any record, were Absalom Ridgely, Joseph Evans, George Wells and John 
Miller. When the church was incorporated in 1833, all of the original trustees 
were dead, save Joseph Evans, who then was no longer a member of the church. 

The first church of Methodism stood near the site of the present Record 
office, on the State House Hill. The circle did not extend as far then as it does 
now. The church was a frame building, and was known as "the old Blue Church," 
so designated from its color. It had a stairway on the outside, up which the 
cf)lored part of the congregation went to the gallery set apart for them. After it 
ceased to be used as a church, it became a school-house. 

When the Methodists became a corporate body in 1833, the following were the 
trustees : Nicholas J. Watkins, Basil Shephard, Louis Gassaway, George McNeir, 
TJjomas G. Waters, Grafton Munroe, Andrew Slicer and Philip Clayton. 

The second church in which the Metliodists worshipped was built about 1820- 
It was a neat brick building, with pressed brick front, and remained until 1859, 
when the present church was built on the same site. It was in this second church 
that Gen. LaFayette attended divine service in Annapolis, 1824. 

The building committee of the present church were J. Wesley White, Jnmes 
Andrews and James Munroe. The committee on funds : J. Wesley White, Joshua 
Brown, Philip Clayton, Edward Hopkins, Soloman Philips, Isaac Brewer, James 
Andrews. E. R. Goodman and James Munroe. 

The congregation as early as 1834 bought a parsonage on Cornhill street, on 
the north side near the corner. It was burnt down about 1851. The present 
parsonage was built in 1852. 



Pabaoraph 2. (a) What is the date of the first articles o( incprporation of the First Methodist 
Church? 



148 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 

3. The first Presbyterian church of Annapolis was organized May 2, 1846, by 
Rev. Dr. Laurie and the Rev. Mr. Dunlop, members of the congregation appointed 
by the Presbytery of Baltimore for that duty. The elders elected at that time were 
Prof. A. N. Girault and Dr. John Ridout. 

On the 25th of July, 184(), the corner-stone of the church edifice was laid by 
Rev. Thomas Peck, D. D., at the same time an address was delivered by him at the 
Assembly Rooms. 

On the 11th of July, 1847, the church was dedicated, George W. Musgrave, 
D. D., preaching the sermon. On the same day, the first pastor. Rev. Charles H. 
Ewing, was installed. 

The following succeeded Mr. Ewing as pastors: Rev. J. J. Graff, 1849 to 
1861 ; Rev. J. M. Patterson, from 1861 to 1866 ; Rev. J. J. Henderson, from 1867 
to 1875 ; Rev. H. O. Gibbons, from 1876 to 1881. Rev. Robt. H. Williams was 
installed jiastor in October, 1882. Rev. Geo. S. Bell is now the pastor. 

ST. MARY'S CATHOLIC CHURCH. 

4. The i^reseut Catholic church was erected in 1858, when the Rev. Father 
Michael Miller was pastor. 

The first Catholic Church was erected on the site of St. Mary's Parochial 
School. It was built mainly through the instrumentality of the venerable Charles 
Carroll, of Carrollton, during the later period of his life, probably somewhere about 
1830. It was torn down a few years since on account of its unsafe condition. Near 
the parochial school is a house that was formerly used as the residence of the 
Catholic clergymen. It is one of a row of buildings that previously stood there, 
then known as "MacNamara's row," and this house is said to be one of the oldest 
in the city. MacNamara was one of the earliest to have his lot surveyed when the 
town was re-surveyed in 1718. 

The property, now owned by the Redemptorist Order, formerly belonged to 
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, and was donated to this religious body Ijy the descend- 
ants of this illustrious patriot. 

WESLEY CHAPEL 

5. Was erected in 1870. It was the first church built by its congregation. 
The building committee were Joseph S. M. Basil, J. Wesley Robinson and Josiah 
Russell. The pastor in charge was J. H. Swope. This congregation is now known 
as the Maryland Avenue Church, and owns a fine brick edifice. 



Paeagbaph 3. (a) When was the first Presbyterian Church organized in Annapolis? 
Paragraph 4. (a) When was the present Catholic Church erected? 

Paragraph 5. (a) When was the first church built by the present congregation of the Mary- 
land Avenue Methodist Churcli? 




Bancroft Hall, Quarters of the Mklshipinon, U. S. Navs 




Nortliwii.sl View 



A HISTORY OP ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 149 

ST. MARTIN'S CHURCH. 

6. St. Martin's Evangelical Lutheran Church was founded April 6, 1874 On 
June 7, 1875, the corner-stone of the church was laid. The building committee of 
the church was : M. K. Casler, Henry Kaiser, John Dressel, Jerry W. Kalmey, and 
John Steip. The trustees of 1886 were: Christian Boessell, Martin M. Smith, 
William Haller, Henry Matzen, Frederick VoUmer, and Charles Ziehlke. 

ASBURY M. E. CHURCH, (Colored Congregation.) 

7. This church was built in 1803. The trustees were John Wheeler, George 
Martin, Saml. Hackney, Matthias Robertson, Francis Tray, John Forty. The 
church was rebuilt in 1838, and at that time was connected with the Baltimore 
Conference. The trustees in 1886 were Thomas Jones, Louis Lomack, David 
Johnson, Benj. Little, Wiley Bates, Joseph Pinkney, Ai-son Tyler, and Henry 
Hebron. The pastor was Rev. Alexander Dennis. 

MOUNT MORIAH CHURCH, (C.olored Congregation), 
Was built in 1874 under tlie pastorage of Rev. Jonathan Hamilton. 

THE BALL ROOM 

8. Is the same building that Eddis described in 1770. It was erected about 
1765. One room is now used for the meeting of the City Council, other apartments 
for balls and social gatherings, and one portion as the department headquarters. 
The supper room was formerly the revenue office of the province. During the 
erection of the present State House, the Legislature met in the Ball Room. Wash- 
ington has danced in the room. 

THE OLD CITY HALL 

9. Is the house now occupied by Ridout & Bro. It was used formerly as a 
place of meeting of the corporation, and as a fire engine house. 

THE CITY HOTEL 

10. Was originally the residence of Mr. Lloyd Dulany. That part was two 
stories high and in it is the room occupied by Gen. Washington, the night before 
he resigned his military commission. A new building of three stoi-ies was added 
afterward, and, about 1830, the buildings, from the large one on Conduit street to 
the corner of Conduit street and Duke of Gloucester, were erected. The first 
proprietor of it as a hotel was Col. Mann. This was during the Revolutionary 



Paragraph 6. (a) When was St. Martin's Ciiurch founded? 

Paragraph 7. (o) When did the colored Methodist congregations of Annapolis build their 
churches? 

Paragraph 8. (a) Describe the Ball Room? 
Paragraph 9. (o) What building was the Old City Hall? 
Paragraph 10. (a) Give a desci-iption of the Old City Hotel? 



150 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

period, and it was known as Mann's Hotel. Then William Caton became proprie- 
tor, and it was Caton's Hotel and City Tavern. Messrs. Iglehart and Swann were 
afterward proprietors. Then Col. John Walton. Nest Col. Morse. The property 
afterward passed into the hands of William H. Gorman and Luther F. Colton. 

THE CHASE MANSION. 

11. The house on the north side of Maryland Avenue, corner of King George, 
built in 1770, by Judge Samuel Chase, (known in the family as Judge Samuel 
Chase, the Signer,) has been described as " pi'obably the most stately house in 
Annapolis, being the only colonial residence which is three stories high. The main 
feature of the house is its hall of entrance opening on a lofty porch and extending 
through the house from front to back, a distance of over forty-live feet, and being 
over fourteen feet wide, the large double front door being arched with glass 
transom and a window on each side. The stairway, opposite the front door, begins 
with a single flight of steps, and, rising to nearly half the height of the stairway, 
ends with a platform from which a flight of steps on each side diverges, ascending 
to a gallery which is supported by Ionic pillars. Above the first platfoi-m of the 
staircase rises a triple window, the central of which is arched aud the whole is of 
magnificent proportions, reminding one of some ancient church. At each end of 
the gallery above is an arched door with glass transome. Opening on this gallery 
from the fi-ont, is the door of an apartment, aud on each side of the door a niche 
intended for statuary. The dining room is handsomely ornamented in carved wood, 
and the marble mantlepiece of this room represents a scene from Shakespeare in 
sculpture." It was intended to have had wings upon this house, but it was sold 
before being finished, to Governor Lloyd, who was the executive of the State from 
1809 to 1811. Mr. Henry Harwood, his son-in-law, bought the house from Gov. 
Lloyd. It was afterwards purchased by Captain Edward Gibson, U. S. N. The 
next purchaser was Miss Hester Ann Chase, who bought it in 1817. She was the 
daughter of Jeremiah T. Chase. It then became in the possession of Mrs. Hester 
Ann Chase Ridout, grand-daugher of Samuel Chase and Jeremiah T. Chase. It is 
now the "Chase Home." 

THE HAEWOOD RESIDENCE. 

12. The house with wings, on the south side of Maryland avenue, at the inter- 
section of King George, was designed by Mr. Auckland, architect, for Mr. William 
Hammond, a famous Annapolis lawyer, of ye olden times. It was built between 
the years 1770 and 1780. It was first occupied by Jeremiah Townley Chase, 
Chief Justice of Maryland in 1781, and was unfinished when he went into it. The 
house is of brick, with stone foundation, some of the foundation walls being five 
feet thick. The house is handsomely decorated with carved wood. The parlor, a 
room nineteen by twenty-seven, has a carved wainscoat surrounding the room, and 



Pabagraph 11. (a) What is known as the Chase Mansion? 
Parage APH 12. (a) Where is the Harwood residence? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 151 

tlie mantel piece, window and door frames, shutters and doors are carved in 
arabesque, and it is said to be the handsomest specimen of its kind in Maryland. 
In 1811, the house was purchased, together with the ground extending from King 
George street to Prince George street, by Chief Justice Chase for his oldest 
daughter, Frances Townley, wife of Richard Lockerman. The garden was designed 
by Mrs. F. T. Lockerman, and was laid oft" under her direction, and the box walk 
was planted by herself. The outside corridor of the south wing was added by the 
family, and many interior improvements have been made. The house was then 
occupied by William Harwood and family, Mrs. Harwood being a grand-daughter 
of Judge Jeremiah T. Chase. Mr. Hammond, for whom the house was built, it is 
said, was engaged to be married to a lady, and he went to Philadelphia to get his 
furniture, but the engagement was broken off and he lived a bachelor. It is now 
the property of Miss Lucy Harwood. 

THE OGLE HOUSE. 

13. The house, on the corner of King George street and College avenue, now 
owned by Mrs. Theodoric Porter, formerly the residence of Gov. Thos. G. Pratt, 
was built l)y Gov. Samuel Ogle, who was Governor at three different periods — first 
in 1732, and the third time in 1746 and '47. 

THE PACA DWELLING. 

14. The house on the northeast side of Prince George street, near East street, 
once owned by Mrs. Eichard Stone, was built by Governor Paca, who was Governor 
in 1782. Arthur Sehaff purchased the liouse from the Governor. Louis Neth 
became owner after Mr. Sehaff". About 1847, Chancellor Theodoric Bland lived 
there, but was not the owner of it. 

The garden of the mansion perhaps, more than any other spot, indicated the 
delightful life of Annapolis a century ago. The spring house, the expanse of trees 
and shrubbery, the octagonal two-story summer house, that represented " My lady's 
bower," the artificial brook, fed by two springs of water, that went rippling along 
to the bath house that refreshed in the sultry days, and gave delight to the occu- 
pants, form a picture tr.adition loves to dwell upon to this day. The Paca dwelling 
is now part of the Carvel House. 

THE IGLEHART HOUSE. 

15. The dwelling, now occupied by Mrs. William T. Iglehart, was owned by 
Thomas Jennings, barrister, who also lived there. He it was who built the house 
on East street, now owned by ex-Mayor Thomas E. Martin, for his daughter, Mrs. 
James Brice. Apropos of this daughter, she was noted for entertaining her guests 
with a famous kind of cake, called Naples biscuit, the recipe for which has come 



Pabaoraph 13. (a) Where is the Ogle House? 
Paragraph 14. (a) Describe the Paca Dwelling? 
Paragraph 15. («) Which is the Iglehart Mansion? 



iG^ A HISTORY OF ANNE AKUNDEL COUNTS. 

down to this f^eneration. Mr. William T. Igleliart purchased the .Teiiiiings' house 
from Jolm T. Barber's estate about 1870, removed a wing of the house, and 
improved its appearance, but did not alter the architecture of the main building. 

AUNT LUOy SMITH'S HOUSE. 
IG. Tlie old house, on the northeast side of Prince George street, adjoining the 
Protestant Episc<i|ial Cliajicl, is uii intcrnigation to every passer by. Its exact date 
is lost in the niist\ clouds (.t' ,11^1 , Iml its appearance and ancient architecture mark 
it as one of the ohicst Ikhisi's iu viMiurable Annapolis. Part of its history has been 
preserved. Many years ago there lived in it an ancient colored dame, known as 
Aunt Lucy Smith. 8he was a famous cook who served to good account on State 
occasions the grand dames of the former regime. At other times she supplied 
from her house or from her on the street, the choice morsels that her art divined iu 
the kitchen. John Smith, her husband, kept a livery stable in the rear of the house, 
a business John's lineal descendants continue to a late date iu Baltimore. 

THE PINKNEY HOUSE. 

17. The Pinkney House, formerly'on College avenue and Bladen street, was 
built l)y John Callahan, register of the Land Office. It is oue of the oldest houses 
of our city. It is now owned by Miss Pinkney, a relative of the celebrated 
William Pinkney. It was removed when the present Court of Appeals was built 
in 1901, bodily from its former to its present site, on St. John's street. 

OTHER ANCIENT HOUSES. 

18. The property now owned by Charles S. Welch, Esq., on Hanover street, 
was built iu 1763, and was at one time the residence of Anthony Stewart, the owner 
of the famous brig Peggy Stewart. 

The main residence of Mrs. Alex. Randall, situated in the live-sided lot, oppo- 
site the State House, is one of the most ancient buildings of the city. It is known 
positively to have been in existence in 17o'2, and very probably in 1737. In this 
house Reverdy Johnson was born. 

The house on the northwest of Market Space and Randall street, is an ancient 
building erected by John Randall, grandfather of J. Wirt Randall. 

The house occupied by Ex-Mayor Thomas E. Martin, on East street, near 
Prince George's, is also one of the landmarks of our early history. It was erected 
by Mr. Edmund Jennings for his son-in-law, one of the Prices. 

The three houses at the lower end of Duke of Gloucester street, now occupied 
,by John R. Magrnder, Lieut. Albert Ross and Eugene Worthington and sister 
were built by John Ridout, great grandfather of Dr. Wm. G. Ridout. He also 



Paragraph 16. (o) Where is Aunt Lucy Smith's House? (h) What is its history? 

Paragraph 17. (o) Where is the Piniiney House? 

Paragkaph 18. («) Name some of tlie ntlier amiient houses In Annapolis? 





Au Offici-r of tiK' U. S. Marine Corps. 



A Midshipinan of the V. S. Naval Acade 




White Hall, built by Gov. Horatio Sharpe, during his administration, 
was Governor of Maryland, from 1753 to 1769. 



A HlSTOKY OF ANNE AKUXDEL COUNTY. 153 

Imilt the residence of Dr. Wm. G. Kidout. The first three were built respectively 
for Mr. Ridout's children : Horace and Samuel Ridout and Mrs. Gibson. This 
John Ridout was the first of the Ridouts in this country. 

Mrs. Nicholas Carroll was Miss Ann Jennings, daughter of Mr. Thomas 
Jennings, the great lawyer. They lived in the house now used as the Annapolis 
High Schdol Building. This house was altered during the ownership of Frank 
H. Stockett, and also since it has been a public school building. 

•■THE LIBERTY TREE." 

19. The earliest tradition, handed down to us of the imperial poplar that adorns 
the College Campus, is that it served as the canopy under which the colonists and 
Indians made a treaty of peace. As history records only one document of this kind 
signed here, this treaty must have been the one agreed between the colonists and 
the sturdy Susquehannocks in 1652. 

The next public use of it we find in Eddis' Letters was when the inhabitants 
assembled under it to determine whether, or not, persons who had not joined the 
association of patriots should be driven out of the colony. 

In 1825, Gen. LaFayettee was entertained under it, and after that there are 
frequent mentions in the Maryland Gazette of Fourth of July celebrations taking 
place under its ample shade. 

About 1840, several youths were playing under this tree with that very danger- 
ous, bat frefjuent adjunct of juvenile sports — gunpowder. They had about two 
pounds of it. They placed it in the hollow of the tree, where it was ignited and 
exploded, setting fire to the grand old tree. The citizens of Annapolis repaii-ed in 
force for its rescue, the firemen bringing out the city engine and deluging the tree 
with water. The boys' escapade was, no doubt, greatly denounced ; but the juve- 
niles had done better than their denouncers thought or the juveniles intended. The 
tree had fallen into a state of decay that threatened its life. The next year it put 
forth its branches with its youth renewed. The explosion had destroyed the worms 
that were gnawing away its vitals ! 

How long this monarch of a primeval forest has existed, none can tell. An 
octogenarian told me he remembers it in 1812 — and it seemed as large then as now. 
If in 1652, it was of such imposing growth that it was selected as the scene of so 
important an event as the making of a treaty of peace by the Puritans with their 
savage foes, may we not infer it lived before Columbus saw America ? On the 30th 
of July, 188G, it was, two feet from the gi-ound, twenty-nine feet, four inches in 
circumference, and stood about 150 feet high. One-third of the trunk is gone, and 
it is now boarded up. The body of the tree is a mere shell — a marvel how its life 
can be maintained and thousands of tulips bloom on its branches in their season. 

Its identity with Eddis' Liberty Tree is preserved to us alone by tradition, but 
its use and size corroborate the truth of oral testimony. 



Paragraph 19. (u) Give an account of the Liberty Tree? 



154 A HISTOKV OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

WHITE HALL, 

20. White Hall was built by Gov. Horatio 8harpe, (luring his admiiiist.iation, 
who was (xovernor of Maryland, from 1753 to 1769. It is beautifully situated ou 
a point of land making out into the Chesapeake Bay, locally known as White Hall 
Bay. White Hall Creek bonuds it on the west side and Meredith's Creek on the 
east. It is a peninsula of good, level land. The ti"act originiUy coiit.iiiitil .ibout a 
thousand acres. The house, still in excellent pi-eservation, is built aftn tlic plan of 
an ancient castle, and when first seen looks as if an European villa had arisi^ii sud- 
denly by the touch of Aladdin's lamp from the ground, so entirely out of keeping 
is it with the modern buildings in that section. It is about seven miles from 
Annapolis. The house has hand carving tlirnnghont its entire structure, and the 
tradition is that a transporttcl ((.nvict, cNccidtMl tin- work with the promise, that, 
when finished, he should Ikiac his fivudom. On the breaking out of the Eevolu- 
tion. Governor Sharpe went to England and left this handsome estate to his private 
secretary', John Ridinit, and it continued in the Ridout family until 1896, when the 
house and a small part of the land weie sold to Mrs. J. P. Story, of Washington, 
wife of Captain Story of the United States Army. 

PEIMEOSE. 

21. Primrose, or Primrose Hill, lies about two miles from Annapolis, on the 
beautiful Spa. It is a fine specimen of the old colpnial residences that adorned 
Anne Arundel. When it was built is unknown, but it was once in the possession 
of Richard Young, who was clerk of Calvert County, in 1740. He and his wife, 
Rebecca, daughter of Thomas and Barbara Holdsworth of Calvert County, resided 
there. 

THE WELCH MANSION. 

22. This is the ancient residence at Londontown, now occupied as the County 
Alms House, and was built, tradition in the Welch familj' of Anne Arundel says, 
by one of its members. 

OTHER ANCIENT BUILDINGS. 

23. Jonas Green's residence, where he printed the Maryland Gazette, remains 
ou Charles street, Annapolis. It is now occupied by his descendants. 

Opposite the Green residence is the former home of William Pinkney, now 
occupied by Dr. George Wells. On West street, once called Cowpen Lane, stands 
a house, part of which now occupied in part by Mrs. Wm. H. Gassaway, that was 
once a tavern kept by Mrs. McCloud, and was afterward the site of a circulating 
library kept by William Rind. Allen Quinn then became the owner, then Thomas 
Harris, and finally Chancellor John Johnson, who remodelled it. 

The house opposite, owned liy the McParlin family, was once known as 
" Hunter's Tavern." 



Paragbaph 20. (a) Where is White Hall? 

Pabagkaph 21. (a) Where is Primrose? 

Pabaokaph 22. (a) Where is the Welch Mansion? 

Paragbaph 23. (a) What other ancient buildings are in Ai 



A HISTOia OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 155 



CHAPTER FORTY-SIXTH. 



THE LOST LANDMARKS OF ANNE ARUNDEL. 



remain, give 



1. As tLe aucieut moiiuments of the olden days that still , g,..^ 

Aunapolis and Anne Arundel much of the interest that strangers and citizens feel 
in tlieir honorable history, in that spirit, the antiquarian and the historian deplore 
the loss, by time, fire and the march of material improvement, real or visionary, of 
many of the landmarks that have made memorable the history of the county. 
Amongst these is all trace of Tlie liidge where the Legislature met in 1683 ;, of 
Herrington near West Kiver; the old grist mill on the head of Broad Creek, South 
Hiver, and the Fulling Mill, on Fulling Creek, South Eiver, where the cloth was 
woven for the slaves of the Plantation for the ancient negroes. All the wind-mills 
of the county have disappeared save one, on West Eiver, owned and operated by 
Tliomas Mullen, a colored man. When there is grist to grind and the wind favora- 
ble, its great wings may be seen turning cheerily around grinding food for man and 
beast. Fifty years ago there remained one of these wind-mills in Annapolis, 
located on Franklin Hill, another on the Bay shore near Magothy River, and yet 
anotlier on tlie banks of the Chesapeake, near Fair Haven. A stone mill, before 
the Revolutionary War, stood on Windmill Point, near where Fort Severn is located, 
which, in those ancient days, astonished the Annapolitans, by grinding out in one 
iiour, the wonderful amount of eight bushels of grain ! 

2. The City of Annapolis has lost many of its splendid monuments of its illus- 
trious past. One of these was the residence of the celebrated Daniel Dulany. 
This was located in the Naval Academy, and was pulled down in 1883. It stood on 
tiie site of Bancroft Hall. This colonial building was erected by John Duff, an 
architect, who settled in the countrj' in 1728. It was occupied by the Dulany 
family from 1753 to 1808. It was then transferred to the War Department as part 
i)f tlie grounds of Fort Severn, and became the residence of the Commander of the 
l''nrt. When the Naval Academy was located at Annapolis, it was occupied as the 
Iiome of the Superintendent of the institution. Another house destroyed by, the 
march of improvement, was a fine colonial residence, situated on the brow of 
the hill opposite the State House, where School street and the State Circle join. 
This was built by William Steuart, grandfather of the late Gen. George H. Steuart, 
and was successively owned and occupied by Absalom Ridgely, a colonial merchant, 
and afterward by his son. Dr. John Ridgely, of the United States Navy. It was 
torn down in 1867, to make room for the present Governor's Mansion. 



Pabaoraph 1. (a) Name some of the ancient landmarks that have disappeared in Anne 
Arundel? 

Paragraph -2. («) Name some of the landmark.s that have been destroyed in Annapolis? 



156 A HlSTOUy (IF ANNE AliUNDEL COUNTY. 

3. Annapolis has lost two of its Giibernatorial Residences. The first was 
located on what is now known as Hyde's Alley. Tradition hands it down as tlie 
residence of Gov. Nicholson, the first Governor to live in Annapolis. The records 
support this ti'adition, as Gov. Nicholson owned land in this locality. It was a long 
frame house, two-stories high, and was quite ambitious in architectural features for 
the period of its erection. The second-story was made b}' the old hip-roof of 
ancient days. It, in later times, became the property of Nicholas Brewer, Sr., and 
was, at one time, occupied by his daughter, Mrs. Richard Ridgely. This house was 
pulled down about a quarter of a century ago. The second Governor's house that 
has been pulled down was within the present limits of the Naval Academy, and 
was, for a long time, the Library Building of that institution. This was the resi- 
dence of the Governors of Maryland fi-om 1753, beginning with Gov. Horatio 
Sharpe, down to 1867, ending with Gov. Thomas Swann. It was an elegant build- 
ing, and had many illustrious legends connected with it. Thomas Johnson, who 
nominated Washington as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Armies, we may 
conchide, lived there, as he was for two years Governor of Maryland, and Wash- 
ington had been himself the guest of Gov. Eden in this Mansion when yet Mary- 
land was a colony of England. The first trace of ownership of this house is found 
in a deed, of June 1st, 1730, from Joshua George, of Cecil county, to Anasa, wife of 
Edmund Jennings. Gov. Sharpe rented the house, and Gov. Eden purchased it 
about 1768, and sent workmen from England to repair it. Governor Eden built 
the wings and the long-room. There are some living in Annapolis still who will 
readily recognize Mr. David Ridgely's description of it as it appeared in 1840 : 

" This edifice has a handsome court and garden, extending, with the exception 
of an intervening lot, to water's edge. From the portico, looking to the garden, a 
tine pi-ospect regales the vision. The building consists of two stories, and presents 
an extensive front ; there are on the lower floor a large room on each side of the 
hall as you enter ; and several smaller ones ; the saloon, on the same floor, is nearly 
the length of the house. On each side of the edifice are commodious kitchens, 
carriage-house, and stables, with spacious lots. Towards the water, the building 
rises in the middle in a turreted shape. It stands detached from other structures, 
and is altogether a delightful and suitable mansion for the chief magistrate of our 
State." 

• By Act 1866, Chap. 46, this house and grounds were sold to the United States 
Government for an addition to the Naval Academy. 

4. Another colonial building was destroyed by fii-e in 1847. It was located on 
King George Street, Annapolis, and was the residence of Jeremiah T. Chase. The 
gi'ounds on which it was located are now included within the boundaries of the 
Naval Academy. On Sunday, January 28th, 1800, a large and commodious build- 
ing, used as the Alms House, was burned. Recently, a small brick building, located 



Paragraph 3. (a) How many Gubernatorial residences has Annapolis lost? (6) Can you 
name where they stood? (c) Describe tlie one that was located in the l^aval Academy grounds? 
Paragraph 4. (a) What colonial building was destroyed by fire in 1747? ' (6) What in 1800? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE AEUNDEL COUNTY. 157 

on Duke of Gloucester street, near St. Mary's Parochial School, was torn down. 
It was part of McNamara's row, and was one of the most ancient houses in 
Annapolis. A large blockmaker's establishment once stood on the northwest corner 
of Green street. There were also several large frame buildings on each side of 
Hanover street, now within the Naval Academy grounds, "as also," says Mr. 
Ridgely, " opposite the present ball-room. These were said to have belonged to 
the neutral French (Acadians), and was occupied by them during the war between 
the French and English colonies ; they were also used as hospitals during our 
Revolution. Soon after that period they were pulled down on account of their 
dilapidated condition." "On the side," continues the author just quoted, " of Mrs. 
Bowie's residence, in Church street, formerly stood the ' Three Blue Ball ' Tavern, 
which was kept by Mr. John Ball. This was the property of Mr. Stephen West, 
who remitted money in liis own name, called ' Stephen West's money ' " The old 
("offee House, pulled down a few years since and once the residence of Dr. Dennis 
Claude, was erected by Stephen West. In this house the French officers during 
the Revolution were entertained, and on its wooden mantel-pieces some of them 
carved their names. These mantels adorn a house in Annapolis. The Coffee House 
was located on Church street, opposite Chancery lane. 

;j. The house in which the cashier of the Farmers National Bank of Annapolis 
now resides, was formerly a tavern kept by William Reynolds. This house has 
survived the changes of time. Near it was a quaint old building with a hip-roofe, 
that was pulled down within the last half century. Here was a stocking factory 
conducted by John Bail and Benjamin Beall. On Hyde Alley was a long low brick 
building that was used as a printing office, and, on the southeast cen-ner of the 
Dock, stood a brick mill, yet in the recollection of many. This mill was the 
propel ty of Jeremiah T. Hughes, editor of the, Maryland Republican, and a very 
enterprising citizen. The first market-house was built in Annapolis in 1716, and 
was located near the State House hill. 



CHAPTER FORTY-SEVENTH. 



THE ANCIENT BELIEF IN WITCHES AND APPARITIONS. 



1. In the earl 3' days of the colony of Maryland a general belief in witches and 
apparitions was prevalent, although this credence, given to the unnatural, did not 
lead to the excesses that obtained elsewhere in the American plantations. One case 



(c) Where did the Old Coffee House stand? (d) Who were entertained in the Coffee House during 
the Revolutionary War? (e) Where were the Acadians located? 

Paragraph 5. (a) Where was Reynolds Tavern? 

Paragraph 1. fa) What was the general belief In the early days? (b) Give a noted example 
of this belief? 



158 A HISTOKY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

only, it appears, is recorded of an execntiou in Maryland for witchcraft. That there 
was a healthy reserve sentiment that the death penalty for alleged witchcraft was 
not to be inflicted, may be inferred from the mercy extended to John Cowman, who 
was, in 1674-5, convicted at St. Mary's "upon the statute of the first of King 
James, of England, &c., for Witchcraft, Conjuration, Sorcery, or Encliantment used 
upon tlie Body of Elizabeth Goodale." He asked for a reprieve and stay of execu- 
tion. The Lower House of Assembly sent the petition, to the Governor, who, at 
the request of the Lower House, reprieved the condemned and stayed the execution, 
" Provided, that the Sheriff of St. Mary's County carry him to the Gallows, and 
that the rope beiug about his neck, it be there be made known to him how much he 
is Beholding to the Lower House of Assembly for Mediating and Interceding in his 
Behalf with the Lieut. General, and that he remain at the City of St. Maries to be 
Employed in Such Services as the Governour and the Council shall think titt during 
the Pleasure of the Governor." 

2. As late as the middle of the eighteenth century, the belief in the marvellous 
continued in this section. In its date of June 3, 1746, the Maryland Gazette, of 
Annapolis, published this item : — "The following article, having been transmitted 
with a desire to have it inserted in this paper, it is, tlierefore, without any altera- 

■ tion, submitted to the judgment of the people : 

" ' On Saturday, May 24, 1746, two men of repute, fishing ofi" Kent Island' 
about four o'clock in the afternoon, the weather clear and calm, they saw, to their 
surprise, at a small distance, a man about five feet high, walking by them on the 
water, as if on dry land. He crossed over from Kent to Talbot county about the 
distance of four miles.'" If these men "of repute," saw this strange spectacle, it 
is now known that reflections from the clouds sometimes repeat, as seen by " the 
phantom " ship shown some years since on the bay, a natural scene in an unnatural 
way, and readily deceive those who give credence to ghostly appearances, into 
believing that they have seen something unnatural when it is merely a physical 
phenomenon. 

3. When Kirkwell and Blackwell, ship-builders, of Annapolis, a century and a 
half ago, attempted to launch the staunch brig Lovely Nancy, the annalist of the 
times tells us, that when " she was on the stocks, and the day appointed to place 
her on her destined element, a large concourse of persons assembled to witness the 
launch, among whom was an old white woman named Sarah McDonald, who pro- 
fessed fortune telling, and was called a 'witch.' She was heard to remark, 'The 
Lovely Nancy will not see water to-day.' The brig moved finely at first, and, when 
expectation was at its height to see her glide into the water, she suddenly stopped, 
and could not be again moved on that day. This occurrence created much excite- 
ment amongst the spectators ; and Captain Slade and the sailors were so fully per- 
suaded tliat she had been 'bewitched,' that thev resolved to duck the old woman. 
In the meantime she had disappeared from the crowd ; they kept up the search for 
two or three days, during which time she lay concealed in a house." The Lovely 

Paragraph 2. (a) How late did this belief in the marvellous continue? 

Paragraph 3. (a) What incident occurred at the launching of the Lovely Nancy? (6) How 
did Captain Slade and the sailors view it? 



A HISTOEY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 159 

Naucj (lid afterwards leave the stocks, and, it is reported, tJuit she made several 
prosperous voyages. 

4. The most miraculous performauces aud sensational powers were credited to 
tliose who possessed the art of witchcraft, distance being annihilated and labor 
dispensed with. AVitclies were credited with going from place to place in an 
incredible space of time, and one of their performances ignored entirely the 
laborious art of milking. The witch merely hung a towel out of her door at night, 
and, in the morning, she would wring from it the products of the dairy which had 
been during the night, in some occult manner, mysteriously extracted from the 
udders of her neighbor's cows, to the great detriment of the health of the cow who 
had been milked in tliis wonderful manner. Another witch was reported to have 
performed the marvellous feat of putting her hand through a window and of pulling 
her victim's hair without breaking the pane of glass. 

5. Although the spread of education and the increase of intelligence, aud the 
development of science has made belief in witchcraft, an absurdity in the minds of 
jjcople generally, and has eradicated any common belief in the supernatural, yet 
there are a few in these later times who believe in the unnatural. Twenty -five years 
ago there was an eccentric character in Annapolis by the name of Thomas Murdock, 
whose "favorite phantom" was the making and applying of certain washes to wood 
and stone, the basal property of which -was lime. His famous white-wash, he 
alleged, had such a penetrating power, that, as soon as the moistened brush touched 
even a granite boulder, the liquid went straight to the centre of the rock. Murdock 
was a firm believer in witches. White washing the cells of the great Brice Mansion 
one day, Murdock relates that he saw a stone behind which he knew there was 
money. He i)ulled out the door to the treasure-trove, and was convinced that he 
was on the path of the hidden wealth, when a spider, with a head as large as two 
double fists, came forth. Murdock alleges that he struck the deadly insect with the 
handle of his brash, and the huge spider bit oS' the end of the pole as nonchantly as 
though it were taking a quid of the weed. This extraordinary power, concluded 
Murdock, convinced him, that "the money was not for me, and I left." 

In Murdock's day these recitals brought on him boisterous ridicule, for people 
were now too enlightened to be more than amused at such narratives. 

6. Annapolis has had immerous miraculous traditions lingering about its 
ancient streets and stately mansions. One that has survived and still has believers 
in the verity of its vital character and existence is that of the "Headless Man," 
seen sometimes, the credulous and deceived alleged wandering along the shores, 
walking on the water, or inhabiting the streets of "the ancient city." 

Mr. Thomas D. Chaney, of Eastport, just opposite Annapolis, still relates 
with dramatic effect his experience with this strange traditional character, which 
occurred nearly a quarter of a century ago. Mr. Chaney was then seventeen years 

Paragraph i. (a) What powers were accredited to those who possessed the art of witchcraft? 

Pabagrai'H 5. (a) Notwithstanding the spread of education and the growth of intelligence 
what is the belief of a few? 

PAKACiBAPH 6. (a.) What town has many miraculous traditions lingering about its ancient 
streets and stately mansions? 



160 A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

old. It was in tlie fall of the year, when the October moon was full and shone 
with the brightness of a clear, unclouded night. The youth and the father, who 
were fishermen, had been engaged until near midnight arranging and packing their 
fish in the Annajjolis Market. Shortly before finishing their work the father sent 
the son ahead to his home at Eastport, about a half-mile distant. Chaney started, 
and going down Compi-omise Htreet, at its foot took the shoi-e line, along the priests' 
property, to the Spa Bridge. Reaching the bridge, Chaney stooped down to go 
under the rail in the opening left there for foot passengers using the shore path. 
As Chaney raised up upon the bridge, he saw under the street lamp, near the brow 
of the hill, about a hundred yards distant, a man advancing. Thinking it was a 
friend, Chaney halted that the two might cross the bridge together. When the 
man, who was a tall person, dressed in black, reached a point distant about thirty 
feet from Chaney, he states he was surprised to find that the newcomer had no head. 
Instinctively Mr. Chaney was on the defensive against such an uncanny intruder 
upon his company ; but he had no weapon, even if it could be used against a 
creature who could live, move and have his being without the important organ of 
the head. Mr. Chaney was even deprived of going to the street to arm himself 
with a stone, for the headless man stood in the way. Mr. Chaney concluded to 
proceed to Eastport. He said in relating the incident, "At this time I had no fear. 
The moon was shining bright, and I could see the object clearl}' as I occasionally 
turned around to look at him, for he followed nie at the same distance that he had 
maintained when I first found that he had no head. One thing struck me as 
strange. The planks of the bridge at that time were very loose, and I noticed that 
while they rattled as I went, the man on my trail moved along with a noiseless 
step." 

This procession continued for 200 yards, and until C'haney had reached the 
draw of the bridge. "Up to this moment," Mr. Chaney said, "I had no fear, and 
then I said to myself, 'I will see if you (meaning the man behind him) can run.' 
So I ran to the Eastport end of the bridge — about a hundred yards. When I 
reached the end of the bridge I turned around and saw the headless man standing 
at his accustomed distance that he had maintained in following me across the bridge 
— about thirty feet. I was now frightened. (Chaney- was then two short squares 
from his home.) I now began to run as fast as I could. As I turned Chesapeake 
Avenue the headless man was at my back with his hand over my shoulder. I ran 
home and bolted the gate without opening it, and went for my gun. As I came out 
of the house, my mother, who had been sitting up at the window waiting for my 
father and myself, hearing my movements, called to know what was the matter. I 
asked, 'Did you see that man?' She replied that she had seen no one. When I 
returned to the gate, the headless man had disappeared." 

7. Wise people, in this day, however sincere may be the statements of those 
who allege that they have seen, with natural eyes, the unnatui'al and disembodied 
spirits moving as if in the body pent, believe that the narrators have been deceived 
or have seen some physical phenomenon that can, or will yet, be explained by the 
discoveries of science. 

Paeagraph 7. {a) What do wise people now 





^^^^^ M 


Ill |inn||liljf|fiii 




M/\^^yWW\^Scf\ 


|,^^#«^ 



Scliool of Application for the Education of TJ. S. Marine Ofa<-ers, and 
Quarters of the Mafine Guard of the Naval Academy. 




A HISTORY OF ANNE ABDNDEL COUNTY. 161 



CHAPTER FORTY-EIGHTH. 



PKOtiKESS OF THE L^IPROVEMENTS AT THE NAVAL ACADEMY. 



1. Six years nearly have elapsed since, on April 24tL, 1899, Admiral F. V. 
McNair turned the first sod of the new iSlaval Academy. Ten years was the time 
allowed for the completion of the improvements, and eight millions was the sum 
proposed to be expended. The estimate of expenditures has now reached twenty 
millions, but no increase of the period of time for finishing the improvements has 
been suggested. Vast has been the work accomplished, and when the half score 
years will expire, from the time the work begaw, it may confidently be expected tliat 
the new Naval Academy will be practically finished. 

2. The Armory, 400 feet by 110 ; the Seamanship Building, 400 by 110 feet ; 
Marine Engineering and Naval Construction Building, 260 by 175 feet ; the Officers' 
Mess, 50 by 160 feet, including aj)artments for the Bachelor Officers, and the 
Naval Club, are finished. 

3. There are Hearing completion, in more or less degree, thirteen large resi- 
dences for officers' quarters, which will be completed about January 1st ; magnifi- 
cent "Bancroft Hail," the new quarters of the Midshipmen, containing 900 rooms, 
which is now occupied, and which is 630 feet long, by 350 wide, which, as intended, 
when united b}' covered archways to the Armory and Seamanship Buildings, will be 
1280 feet long, — the longest building in the world. Extending from the Hall, as a 
terrace, is the Mess Hall, 75 feet by 374. One year more and all this vast work 
will be done. The Academy chapel, 180 feet by 180, and 168 feet high, has its 
whole skeleton erected. The gi-eat sea-wall, nearly a mile in length, is finished, and 
this includes the Basin which is eleven hundred feet long, and five hundred feet 
wide. This haven for the small craft of the Academy is iiow practically completed. 

4. Tiie Academic Buihliiig, 400 by 350 feet, in which will be located the offices 
of tiie school, is rapidly rising in its majestic proportions. The foundation of the 
Power House, 200 by 100 feet, has been laid. The new Gymnasium has not been 
commenced, and it is under consideration, whether or not the new Seamanship 
Building could not be used as a Gymnasium. The Administration Building, one of 
the smaller improvements, has not yet been started. A shop, to be attached to the 
Marine Engineering and Construction Building, has been finished. 

5. A survey of the work, after five years, from its commencement, shows that 
almost every building contemplated for the new Naval Academy, has been either 
finished, or is nearing completion, or under construction. 



(a) What progrees has been made in five years in the improvements of the 



IG'2 A HISTORY OF ANNE AEUNDEL COUNTY. 

6. Ill the review of the work accomplished it should be observed that, in addi- 
tion to what has been completed, in buildings, the Academic authorities in the 
same time have added thirty acres of land to the Naval Academy, and will shortly 
acquire fifteen or twenty more. Beside, in the addition made in 1890, are twenty 
new double residences for officers. Adjoining the Naval Academy, on the Govern- 
ment Farm, the finest Marine Quarters in the United States have been erected, with 
three excellent residences for the officers of the post. The new Hospital for the 
Academy is being erected, and has a commanding view of the Severn. 

7. In addition to what has been, and will be, done in the Naval Academy, at Fort 
Madison, on the north side of the Severn, a half mile from the Naval Academy, a 
naval Experimental Station has been established, for testing engines and various 
articles used in the Navy. The Government owns at Fort Madison ninety acres, 
and the improvements there, besides some fine buildings, involve the building of 
nearly a mile of sea-wall. A splendid 1,000-yard rifle range hiis been constructed. 

8. Beside the land at Fort Madison, the Government owns 114 acres in the 
Govemmeut Farm, and, the Academy, when the next addition, already at hand, is 
made, the Naval Academy proper will embrace 220 acres. When this gap is walled 
ill, there will be nearly one mile of brick wall bounding the southwest boundary of 
the Naval Academy, extending along King George street, Annapolis, from Dorsey's 
Creek to the Severn River. The other three bounds of the Academy are on tide- 
water. 

9. The establishment of the School of Application for the education of officers 
for the Marine Corps has given impetus to a spirit of improvement, that will 
undoubtedly lead to the construction of other buildings at the Government Farm, on 
which has also arisen very fine stables for the horses of the Academy, and where 
from the brow of Strawberry Hill, erected as a hospital, and now used as a storage 
house, the Marine Hospital overlooks the stately array on the Farm and in the 
Naval Academy. 



CHAPTER FORTY-NINTH. 



ST. ANNE'S PARISH— 1692-1906. 



1. (16'J2.) This parish is one of thirty which were established under the Act of 
Assembly of 1692. The loss of the first twelve pages of the jjarish records has 
robbed us of much of its valuable history. In the returns, however, of the several 
vestries in the province to the Governor and his council in 1692, St. Anne's was 
designated by the name of Middle Neck Parish, and consisted of the territory between 



Paragraphs 1 to 2G. (o). Give a brief history of St. Anne's Parish. 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 163 

South and Severn rivers. The destruction of these pages of the records of the 
parish has left to speculation the origin of the name of the parish. There is, how- 
ever, liardly any doubt but that it was named in honor of the reputed mother of 
the Virgin Mary, St. Ann ; and so designated because it was a happy coincidence 
with the name of the Princess Anne, afterward Queen Anne, of England. 

2. (1694.) On the 8th of October, 1694, the Governor proposed to his council 
that, at the port of Annapolis, a lot be laid off for the minister nigh to where the 
church is to stand, and that the minister be obliged to read prayers twice a day. On 
the 7th of May 1696. Mr. Coney, supposed to be the incumbent of St. Anne's Par- 
ish, preached before the assembly, and the sermon he was desired by the assembly 
to have printed. 

3. (1696.) When St. Anne's returned its proceedings, as required by ch. 2d, 
Acts of 1696, under the name of Middle Xeck Parish, the taxable persons in it were 
stated to number 374. The vestrymen of the parish were given as : Thomas Bland, 
Richard "Warfield, La^vl•ence Draper, Jacob Harnass, William Brown, Cornelius 
Howard. \\'hen King William's school was established the same j-ear 1696, Eev. 
Perergine Coney, the supposed rector of St. Anne's, was one of the trustees. 

4. On September 30th, the Lower House sent to the Upper the following 
message : "To show our readiness to contribute to the utmost of our abilities to the 
service of God, in building a free church and school at Annapolis, we have proposed 
and resolved, that, out of the revenue raised for the charge of the Province, by 3d 
per hlid, on tobacco, one year's revenue so raised be for defraying the charge of the 
church at Annapolis." 

5. The Lower House, preparatory to passing the Act, appointed a committee 
to inspect the proposals for building the church ; which reported that there was in 
bank for this purpose £458 sterling. This had arisen from the sale of the tobacco 
which had been collected. They also reported that the church would cost £1200 
sterling, about $7,000. 

6. These were busy times in Annapolis. The State House, King William's 
School and St. Anne's, for, on the second of October, the Governor was selected by 
the council to employ workmen to build the church, were all in course of erection. 

7. This was the first brick church in Marj'land, but not the first place of 
worship in Annapolis. There was a meeting-house of the Puritans thirty years 
before this, and the records show there was also a house dedicated to (he service of 
God on Greenberry's Point that also antedated St. Anne's (1697). On the 30th of 
June, 1697, a petition from Ruth Gregg was laid before the Governor and his 
council. Rev. Peregrine Coney was defendant. This document, with Mr. Coney's 
defence, was ordered to be given to Mr. Carroll, "the said Ruth's procurator." The 
nature of the complaint has not come down to us, but Mr. Coney appears to have 
enjoyed, and never to have lost, the fullest confidence of Gov. Nicholson, who gave 
him the duty of issuing marriage licenses. His sermons were frequently asked for 
publication by the Assembly. 

8. (1699.) Gov. Nicholson selected the site of St. Anne's, and was the active 
agent in its erection. Gov. Blackiston succeeded Gov. Nicholson, and, in the 



1()4 A HISTOllY OF ANNE AlilNDEL COl'NTV. 

former's term, July '12, KiDi), an Act of Assembly imposed ;i tine of £:i33, (is. 8d., 
on Edward Dorsey for not fulfilling his agreemont to build the church ; and another 
Act of the same session appointed persons to treat with workmen to build it. 

9. (1704.) Rev. Mr. Topp followed as the second rector of St. Anne's and Rev. 
James Wootten was the third, and, in 1704, the vestrymen were recorded as Col. 
John Hammond, Mr. William Bladen, Mr. William Taylard, Mr. Amos Garrett, Mr. 
John Fieeman, Mr. Samuel Norwood. An entry on the parish records, ordering 
payment for altering the gallery seats, shows that the church was finished. Thomas 
Fielder was the architect of the edifice. The entries in the parish records also 
discover to us that the first St. Anne's had both bell and belfry, and a, golden ball 
adorned the spire. 

10. The church was built in the shape of a, T, and was neatly finished inside. 
The principal entrance faced east, that is toward the State House. (1706.) In 170G, 
the General Assembly, ever mindful of St. Anne's, directed that, of the three lots 
originally laid out within the city, one should be for the rector of the parish, one 
for the Sexton, and a third for the clerk of the vestry and commissary's clerk. The 
revenues of St. Anne's were further enhanced by an order requiring 40 shillings for 
every corpse buried in the church yard. This was the ground about the church and 
is embraced in the present circle. The grave yard extends beyond its present 
limits into the streets as excavations within its beds painfully proved a few years 
since. 

11. The revenues at this period were exceedingly meagre, and it is estimated 
that in 1717 the rector did not receive over $350 per annum. 

(1719.) May 15, 1719, the vestry of St. Anne's laid before the Lower House 
of Assembly the grievances under which the parish labored. The gravamen of 
their burden was that the parish church, 'uv being built near the utmost verge of 
the parish, is hereby rendered very inconvenient to a great part of the parishigners, 
some of these living twenty miles, and others at a greater distance from it, so that 
were " it not that the rector voluntarily goes up at appointed times and preaches 
among them, a great part of them would be without the benefits of a minister ; that 
to add to this diflicultj' the chui'ch is much too little for a parish church, many of 
the parishioners being obliged to stay at home for want of room, but that this is 
most visible at public times, as we humbly conceive is apparent to the constant 
experience of this Honorable House ; that there is no visible way to remove the first 
of these difficulties, but by contracting the parish into narrower bounds, or dividing 
it, nor is there any means to remove the latter, but by enlarging the church, but 
now both these are rendered impracticable to us by some other difiiculties, which 
we shall take the liberty of iiaming to your honors." 

12. The first remedy was open, the repoi't continued, to the objection that the 
benefits of this parish are already so small, that it is but a bare support for " a 
single man in a parish," but to that is added that being " Chaplain to the public," 
lie "is unavoidably exposed to much greater expense than the benefits of the parish 
can defray," which has often been the cause of the parish being without a minister. 



A HISTOUY OF ASXE AKUNDEL COUNTY. 165 

13. The second remedy oonld uot be applied, as the vestrymen had no means 
with which to enlarge. The Legislature took no notice of this pointed application 
for an increase of revenues. At this time one family came thirty miles to church, 
having to drive on Saturday into the neighborhood, so as to be able to reach church 
on Sunday. 

14. (1723.) May 7, 1723, Alexandria Frazier. Robt. Gordon, Thomas, Worth- 
ington, Vachel Denton, Joshua George and William, obtained permission to build 
at their own expense a gallery at the west end of the church. 

15. (1727.) April 4th, 1727, several parishioners of St. Anne's, V. Denton, 
Thomas Worthington, John Beall, and Philip Hammond, with A. Frazier, rector, 
obtained permission to build a chapel in the upper part of the parish. This was 
asked on account of the inconvenience of reaching Annapolis for church. 

The site selected was the head of South River. No church or chapel could be 
built in the province without the permission of the Lord Proprietary, and he had 
delegated his power to his Governor, Charles Calvert, who gave the requisite license. 

16. May 2nd, 1727, permission was granted to Mr. Richard Claggett "to erect 
a pew where the font stood," and on July 4, the vestrymen granted permission "to 
erect a gallery over the pews appointed for the gentlemen of the Assembly." On 
May 7th, 1728, the following petition on the same subject was presented to the 
vestry as the humble i)etition of some of the parishoners of said Parish : 

17. (1728.) " That in consideration of the smallness of the parish, and that 
there was much want of room, you were pleased to encourage your parishoners by 
giving them leave some-times since to build a gallery toward the noi-th-east end of 
the said church, and your petitioners made provisions according thereto, but some 
vestries after, we understood you were inclined to enlarge the said gallery by making 
it extend from near the pulpit all over the assembly pews and over the chancel, 
until it should reach near the Governor's pew, a design very much wished for and 
of a general good and service, and by these contrivances the church may be made 
to hold almost as many above as below. And we are humbly of opinion, as we 
believe all good and considerate men will be likewise, that the best ornament to a 
church is a good pastor and a large flock, we thank God we are blest with the one, 
(Rev. John Humphrey), but want of room obstructs the other. In consideration 
of which, we with patience waited to know your resolutions, and, at length, being 
ordered to go on with your first direction, which we did accordingly, till we were 
prevented by Mr. Jolin Beale, who told us not to proceed any further until further 
orders. We, therefore, having been at considerable charges, and loss of time in 
proceeding with the said work according to your orders, humbly hope your honors 
will take it into your consideration. And we beg leave to know your commands, 
being fully persuaded that it will be most consistent to the honor and praise ^of 
God, and tf) the great benefit and advantage of the said cJiurch and people. In 
hopes of which with humble submission your petitioners, as in duty bound, shall 
ever pray. Richard Tootell, Simon Duff, Peter Werard, Wm. Ghiselen." The 
ve/stry ordered the petitioners to proceed with the erection of the gallery. 



1G6 A HISTOUY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 

18. (IT-IO.) In 1740, St. Anne's was enlarged, but this enlargement did not 
ai'.comniodate its increasing congregation, and, in 1741, leave was given to build a 
gallery to hold eleven pews. 

19. (1750.) In 1750, the Assembly j^assed a tax bill to raise a sinking fund to 
protect the colonists from border ravages by the Indians. In the taxables were 
bachelors. A list from each parish was ordered to be returned to the Government. 
The list in St. Aune's parish included Gov. Sharpe and Kev. John McPherson, the 
rector of St. Aune's, who, not caring to determine whether they came under the 
list of taxables or not, the vestry settled their status for them, by ordering them on 
the list. All over 25 years of age, assessed under £300 and over £100 were taxed 
five shillings each, and the law remained in force six years. Joshua Frazier, 
Eichard Green and Allen Quynn paid till 1751 ; Baldwin Lusby paid for 1756 ; 
Caleb Davis and Emanuel Marriott for 1756-7, and Kezin Gaither, at the head of 
Severn, for 1756-7-8. 

20.. (1756.) Those assessed over £300, were taxed 20s. each, and William 
Stuart, John Ridout, John Gilliss, Daniel Wolfstenhome, Stephen Bordley and 
Charles Carroll, barrister, paid it for six years. James Maccubbiu, Beall Nicholson, 
of Annapolis, William Gaither, head of Severn, Charles Hammond of Philip, and 
John Griffith paid it for five years. Col. Benj. Tasker and Lancelot Jacques, paid 
the tax for four years. James Johnson, John Leader, and Zachariah Hood, paid 
it for three years. The last was the stamp officer in 1765, and had to flee the city 
before the wrath of the people. Moses Maccubbin and John Davis paid the tax 
for two years ; and S. Lowe, Charles Cole, Wm. Thornton, Charles Carroll, Esq., 
Dr. Upton Scott, Robert Stram, Robert Conden, Benj. Beall, and John Bennett 
paid it for one year. 

21. Non-attendance upon the services of the church about this time became 
such a serious evil, that on March 6, 1751, the wardens of St. Anne's gave this 
public notice in the columns of the Gazette : 

" The church wardens of St. Anne's Parish, in Anne Arundel county, do hereby 
signify that we shall be under a necessity of observing the Laws of this Province, 
and the Statutes of England, relating to religious worship ; and more particularly 
the 14th section of the iirst Elizabeth, Chap. 2, which oblige all persons, not having 
lawful excuse, to resort to their Parish Church, or Chapel, on every Sunday, and 
other days ordained and used to be Kept as Holy Days, and then and there to abide 
in decent manner, during the time of common prayer, preaching or other services 
of God ; and therefore request all concerned to take notice. Samuel Howard, 
Camaliel Butler, Church Wardens." 

On the 29th of June, 1761, an organ loft was ordered, being the first mention 
looking to the use of an organ in the church. 

22. (1770.) Nothing went on in Annapolis at this time that escaped the eye or 
ear of the observant Eddis, who arrived in Annapolis, September 4th, 1770. 
"Understanding" he writes, "that I was in time for divine service^, I availed myself 
of an immediate opportunity to ofler up my fervent acknowledgement at the thro le 
of grace. The exterior of the church, (St. Anne's) has but little to recommend it. 



A msTOKY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 167 

but the congregatiou was numerous. The solemn offices were performed with a 
becoming devotion, and my mind was in perfect unison with the important duties of 
the day." 

23. (1771.) St. Anne's was the only church in the city and notwithstanding it 
was the protege of the State, it was allowed to fall into a ruinous condition. Its 
minister often remonstrated with his congregation and urged the repairing or rebuild- 
ing of it. September 5, 1771, a poem appearing in the Maryland Gazette, addressed : 
" To the very worthy and respectable inhabitants of Annapolis, the humble petition 
of the old church, showeth." 

24. The poem accomplished what the pastor could not. The congregation 
resolved to erect a new church. 

(1774.) The General Assembly was appealed to for aid, and at its March 
Session, 1774, Chapter 11, the General Assembly appointed John Eidout, Samuel 
Chase, William Paca, Upton Scott, and Thomas Hyde, ti'ustees, for building in 
Annapolis, au elegant church adorned with a steeple. It was to cost £6,000, and 
£1,500 was to be received from the State. In return for it there were to be provided 
a pew for the Governor, a large one for the Council, one for the Speaker, all to be 
properly ornamented, and other pews for the members of the Lower House, one for 
the Judges of the Provincial Court, and one for strangers. One was also to 
be for the incumbent, one for the Wardens, and one for the Provincial Juries. 
Wlien completed, the subscribers were to chose their pews, preference being given 
to subscribers of the largest amounts ; no one who subscribed less than £20 being 
entitled to a pew. Then twenty pews were to be sold to the parishioners by auction. 
Thei'e was to be a common gallery for the parishioners, one for servants and another 
for slaves. July 1775, Mr. Woodcock w^as allowed £30 a year as an organist. The 
revolution prevented the erection of the church, and the threatre was used to wor- 
ship in. 

"But Myers, MePherson, Edmyston, Montgomery, and T. Lendrum, all were 
of fair, if not, of excellent standing. Still, what had been gained for the church. 
The population of the parish had increased probably one-third during the period 
under review, and weaitli also had increased. But the tlieatre had been introduced, 
and horse-racing, card-playing, dancing and drinking had become unrestrained, 
and Governors and office-holders had upheld and patronized them, not less than did 
the proprietaries themselves, and the church had shown itself powerless. And now, 
it was in the dust, a time of retribution had come, and every thing was dark." 

25. (1792.) The second church was finally completed in November, 1792, 
eighteen years after it was commenced. It cost £6,000, nearly $30,000. The 
church was 110 feet long, and 90 broad, and was surmounted with a tower. On 
the outside were pilasters, which divided the wall into panels, and long windows 
gave it, with its time-colored bricks, a sombre and religious appearance. Inside, 
The church was frescoed. This clnirch, with its modern panels and posts, in green 
and white, encircling the yard, remained until the night of Sunday, February 14th, 
1858, when it was destroyed by fire. This originated from the furnace below, 
which ignited the flooring. About eleven o'clock the ringing of the bell of the 



ibH A HISTORY OF ANNE MIUNDEL COUNTY. 

church suiumoned the citizens to the destruction of this ancient edifice. At first 
the bell seemed to be only the nine o'clock curfew, but the doleful cry of "fire," 
resounding through the dark and quiet streets, told another story. For two hours 
the fiames, unseen and inaccessible, lay hidden in their lairs, pouring forth volumes 
of stifling smoke. This slumber, that deceived the hopeful, suddenly ended with 
the flames flaring into the ceiling, darting from tlie roof, and leaping to the tower. 
The faithful bell, that had not ceased from the beginning of the fire to peal its own 
requiem, broke the stilly atmosphere with its doleful knell, the crackling timbers 
joined the dirge, the pitiless heat, sweeping through the organ, touclied its keys 
with fiery fingers and made it sing its own death song, whilst a passing steamer's 
sympathizing bell and faithful women's tears attended tlie unexpected calamity. In 
a few hours only the bare walls of St. Anne's remained. 

26. St. Anne's is now doing a great religious work under the rectorship of Rev. 
Joseph P. McComas, with Rev. Mr. Twamley as his assistant. 



CHAPTER FIFTIETH. 



IMPROVEMENT!" THE WATCHWORD OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS 
OF i^NNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 



1. During the summer of 1905, County School Commissioner George T. Melvin 
called public attention to the lack of interest and co-operation on the part of the 
district school trustees regarding their duties in the administration of the public 
schools. In an address before the Teachers' Institute in Annapolis in the latter part 
of September, Dr. M. Bates Stephens, State School Superintendent, said : 

" 'We must give greater recognition to our trustees. When performing their 
duties, living up to what the law requires of them, they 'are the most important part 
of our school machinery. We must have their co-operation because they are the 
representatives of the people in the school system. They should be consulted fre- 
quently about all maters pertaining to district school work. We should have for 
this county, as County School Commissioner Melvin suggests, a meeting of all the 
trustees and teachers of the county. The idea is a good one. They should be paid 
a per diem for that day to cover expenses incident to attending the meeting. 
Addresses should be made by trustees, teachers and other school ofiicials. The 
Governor, who is president of the State Board of Education, should be invited. 
This would afi'ord an opportunity for all — teachers and trustees — to reach a better 
understanding of the important duties devolving upon them, and would unques- 



Paeagraphs 1 to 5. Wliat association has recently been formed in Anne Arundel for the improve- 
ment of the public school system? 



A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. 109 

tionably produce beneficial results. Our scliool work suffers from this serious 
lack.' " 

2. At the meeting of the Board of County School Commissioners on October 
31st, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : 

" Whereas, the public school law provides that educational matters affecting a 
school district shall be under the supervision of a board of district school trustees, 
and 

" Whereas, the duties and responsibilities .devolving upon the district school 
trustees appear to be imperfectly understood and, in many cases, inefficiently per- 
formed, or not performed at all, thereb}' rendering the operations of the school law 
defective in this important branch of the system ; therefore 

"Resolved, that the district school trustees of the county be invited to attend 
a meeting to be held on Saturday, December 16, next, at 10 o'clock A. M., at the 
Court House, in Annapolis, for the pui-pose of discussing and adopting ways and 
means to bring about a more thorough understanding and a more active co-operation 
of the trustees in regard to their duties in the public school administration. 

"Resolved, that the President appoint a member of the Board to make the 
necessary arrangements for the proposed meeting." 

3. President Crisp a])])')iiitiil Mr. Melvin a committee to make jDreparations for 
the meeting, and to secure tlie attuudauce of the trustees, teachers and others inter- 
ested in the movement. On December 16th the meeting was held, and so much 
enthusiasm was manifested, that it was determined to effect a permanent organiza- 
tion, to be called "The School Improvement Association of Anne Arundel County," 
whose objects sliall be — 

(1) To secure a thoroughly organized and efficient working b(}ard of district 
school trustees in every school district of the county. 

(2) To discuss questions relating to the management of the public schools, 
and especially the improvement of local conditions in the school districts. 

4. The.se officers were then elected : President, George T. Melvin ; Vice- 
Presidents, Wm. E. Jones, first election district ; Dr. Harry B. Gantt, second ; 
Harry A. Cook, third ; Wm. A. Ray, fourth ; Dr. Thos. H. Brayshaw, fifth ; Dr. 
Frank H. Thompson, sixth ; AVilbur F. Petherbridge,. eighth; Secretary, Harry K 
Wallis ; Assistant Secretary, Miss Louise Linthicuni. The time of meetings was 
made tlie first Saturdays in February, May, August and November. 

5. Thus, with three hundred active, interested trustees of the schools, in close 
touch with its system, " Improvement " is emblazoned on the banners of public 
education in Anne" Arundel, and the horizon of a broad policy and a steady progress, 
toward the goal of perfection, opens upon the vision of the generous citizens of the 
county, who encourage these institutions of learning with a hearty and liberal 
support. 

FINIS. 



CHARLES G. FELDMEYER, 

Bookseller, Stationer and Newsdealer, 



AGENCY FOR 

All the Leading Daily, Weekly and Monthly Publications. 

PAPERS DELIVERED IMMEDIATELY ON ARRIVAL OF TRAINS. 

Agency for Spalding & Brothers' Athletic and Sporting Goods. 

Publisher of Riley's History of Anne Arundel County, 
Price, |L50. By Mail, |L65. 

No. 48 MARYLAND AVENUE, 

ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND. 

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